History of Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"The value of the Naturalists Society at Kharkiv University (1869-1930) in the development of scientific research and the popularization of scientific knowledge in Ukraine","authors":"A. Korobchenko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-211-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-211-224","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the importance of the Naturalists Society at Kharkiv University in the development of scientific research and the popularization of scientific knowledge in Ukraine. Social, economic, political processes that occur today in Ukraine actualize historical memory and direct historical science to comprehend the scientific processes that took place in Ukraine in ancient times. The reconstruction of scientific Ukraine in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries would be incomplete without an indication of the role and importance of the Naturalists Society at Kharkiv University. The author proves that the activity of the Society was versatile, large-scale, imbued with high scientific ideas and democratic tendencies. It is stated that the effectiveness of this activity was ensured by the active work of the most prominent figures of science, culture, education, namely: V. M. Arnoldi, P. I. Biletskyi, O. A. Hrosheim, O. V. Hurov, V. Ya. Danylevskyi, A. M. Krasnov, I. F. Levakovskyi, O. V. Nahornyi, O. M. Nikolskyi, Ya. V. Roll, M. M. Somov, P. P. Sushkin, V. I. Taliev, L. S. Tsenkovskyi, O. V. Chernaуa, V. O. Yaroshevskyi. In particular, the role of scientists in deployment of a wide range of floristic, faunistic, geological and geographical researches as in the territory of provinces of the Kharkov educational district, and it is far beyond its limits is shown. It is emphasized that thanks to the fruitful activity of members of society considerable scientific results which promoted the development of many branches of domestic natural sciences were received. It was a company with an effective organizational structure and program of activities; it achieved outstanding results both in applied research and in the popularization of science. The Society was one of the channels for ensuring the interconnection of science and society. It acted as a certain social institute, which envisaged conducting active communication activity both within the Society and beyond. Besides, training of future generations of scientists was carried out at a high level, which testified to another feature of the Society as a social institute and a phenomenon in the system of science. The author provides little-known information about the Society, specifies evaluations and conclusions, which relate to separate parts of the scientific and popularizing activity of the Society","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91126249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legislative activities of the Kyiv Law society in the field of railway transport","authors":"O. Pylypchuk","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-225-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-225-232","url":null,"abstract":"The research of the scientific heritage of the Kyiv Law Society, which worked at the Kyiv University of St. Vladimir in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries, is of current relevance within the framework of civil society development in Ukraine. The variety of its scientific directions speaks of the tireless desire of the members of the Society to improve the national legislation, to solve a number of legal problems and to promote the development of legal science in the Ukrainian lands. This article investigates the problems in the field of railway transport to have been actively discussed at the meetings of the Kyiv Law Society. The main steps in the creation of a unified railway legislation in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XX century, which was mandatory for all railways in the country, are outlined. The role of the Commission for the Study of Railways in Russia of E. T. Baranov, which was created to study the state of railways in the country, has been considered. It is shown that the Commission consisted of leading scientists and public figures of the country – A. F. Koni, S. Yu. Vitte, А.А. Vendrykh, М.М. Annienkov and others. It has been stated that the main purpose of the Commission's activity was to collect the necessary materials from foreign and domestic railway and judicial practice, which could be studied as much as possible with the participation of representatives of science, trade, military affairs and industry, with the purpose of creating the General Statute of Railways of the Russian Empire, which became the first codified source of law precisely in the railway business. It has been shown how the KLS took part in this process. The speeches of individual scientists such as O. F. Kistiakivskyi, D. I. Pikhno, M. Ye. Krainskyi, A. H. Dolzhanskyi, O. F. Kvachevskyi who spoke on the problems of railway jurisprudence, put forward their proposals, discussed the possibilities of appropriate changes in the development of the railway industry and held discussions at the meetings of the Society have been analyzed. In addition, the history on the creation of the General Statute of Railways, its content and significance for the railway business in the Russian Empire, which became the first step in the formation of a unified legal field on the entire network of national railways, have been revealed.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87349105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of Academician I. H. Aleksandrov to the development of national hydraulic engineering (on the example of scientific and engineering approaches to irrigation problems in the Turkestan region)","authors":"Oleksandr Isaienko, S. Isaienko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-175-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-175-185","url":null,"abstract":"History of science and technologies as a branch of scientific knowledge is aimed at studying the most significant ideas of prominent scientists and practitioners and their influence on the world science development and the technologies’ advancing. In the opinion of the authors of the article, one of such figures of the early twentieth century is Academician I. H. Aleksandrov. Historical and scientific analysis of life and activity of I. H. Aleksandrov as a scientific theoretician, engineer, a science organizer is of high topicality due to the scale and versatility of his scientific contribution. Scientific creative work of I. H. Aleksandrov can be divided into five main directions of development of science and technologies: hydraulic engineering, hydropower, geographic zoning, railway transport and irrigation. In the context of the development of hydraulic engineering and hydropower, I. H. Aleksandrov had world-class achievements that glorified national science. But till recent years I. H. Aleksandrov is mostly recognized as the designer and one of the constructors of the Dnipro hydroelectric power station near Zaporizhzhia (1927-1932) (he prepared a project and directed the construction of the largest hydroelectric power station in Europe at that time) or as a creator and developer of the methodology for economic zoning of the Soviet Union. Other achievements and ideas of Academician I. H. Aleksandrov are rarely mentioned in the scientific papers and researches. The article concludes that the breadth of scientific and technical interests of I. H. Aleksandrov was the result both of his individual abilities and of the thorough theoretical and practical training received by a young engineer I. H. Aleksandrov from the highly qualified teaching staff of the Moscow Higher Technical School and the Moscow Engineering School of the Office of the Ways of Communications. I. H. Aleksandrov’s gigantic working capability played an important role in his life as well. Great number of sources showed that occupying different positions, I. H. Aleksandrov participated in solving complex technical issues of contemporary epoch, and his scientific interests had always been in the context of the tasks of the engineering and science of his time. I. H. Aleksandrov initiated scientific discussions on the construction of ports and canals, in his work he contributed in every way to the development of home industry in general, and to hydraulic engineering in particular. The authors assert that the modern view on the scientific heritage of I. H. Aleksandrov in the context of the development of hydraulic engineering, hydropower and rail transport unambiguously acknowledges that in a concentrated-generalized form ideas, theories and concepts, put forward and scientifically grounded by Academician I. H. Aleksandrov almost a hundred years ago, even today contribute to the development of scientific and technological process.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81191805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of railway transport engineering in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century","authors":"S. Hurinchuk","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-160-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-2(15)-160-174","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the consideration of the features on the development of railways and railway engineering in the second half of the ХІХ th century. It is well known that railway transport in European countries emerged in the eighteenth century, and the nineteenth century was a period of rapid development of raiway systems, railway technology and the creation of operation technologies. The author of the article shows that the development of railway transport engineering in the Russian Empire began in the 30s of the XIX century and went on at a rapid pace. It is clear that foreign technology was used at first, and foreign technology thought was significantly influenced by technology. As the whole policy of the tsarist government was aimed at reducing the country’s dependence on potential opponents, the idea of forming a Corps of national transport engineers was greatly supported. Among its graduates were such well-known engineers as P. P. Melnykov, M. I. Lypyn, V. P. Sobolevskyi, M. A. Beleliubskyi, D. I. Zhuravskyi and others who managed to create a national scientific school in the field of railway transport. Almost all problems were solved independently without the help of foreign specialists. Among them, according to the author, the most significant were “Track bed structure”, “The development of signalling systems, centralization and block signal system” and “The development of rolling stock”. Based on the analysis of a large number of sources, the author concludes, that in the second half of the nineteenth century the development of industry in the Russian Empire went through capitalist reforms. Expansion of domestic and foreign markets, active domestic and foreign trade led to the need to develop means of communication. The railways proved to be the most powerful and economically effective. They connected different regions, places of production and consumption, facilitating, speeding up and reducing the cost of delivery of raw materials and goods. In the 60-80’s of the XIX century there was a significant increase of the railway network. The construction was mainly carried out at the expense of private joint stock companies. During that period, foreign specialists who were not interested in the qualitative development of the Russian railway network played a major role in the construction and management of the railway tracks. With the increasing demand for this new type of transportation, there was a need for technical modernization of the entire industry.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76344413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing Communication to the Countryside: Rural Telephony in Latin America, 1900–1985","authors":"Christiane Berth","doi":"10.5040/9781350085626.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350085626.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86507021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essay on the life and activities of V. Lihin (1846-1900)","authors":"O. Oliinyk","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-109-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-109-119","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the facts of the life and work of the prominent Odessa scientist, doctor of mechanics, professor of the Novorossiisk University Valerian Lihin (1846-1900). At the present stage of development of the history of science and technology, a comprehensive analysis of the scientific work of V. Lihin, presented in the field of mechanics and mathematics, while work in other directions remained beyond the curiosity of historians. The role of Lihin in the organization of the scientific school of theoretical and applied kinematics is shown. As a teacher, Valerian Mykolayovych formed a new approach to teaching applied mechanics, constantly emphasizing the important influence of this science on the development of technical progress and the industrial complex of the economy. And his activities in the number of scientific, technical and charitable societies are almost unknown. Thus, Valerian Lihin was a member and held management positions in the three most famous scientific and technical societies of Odessa. Their influence on the socio-economic development of the city and region is analyzed. The basic directions of activity of Lihin in the structure of the Association are established and their expediency from the point of view of historical retrospective is considered. Particular attention is paid to the Odessa branch of the Russian Technical Society, which Lihin has been managing for 15 years. This time has become a period of intensive and extensive development, and its activity has actively contributed to the development of the city and the economic prosperity of the region. Equally important, in our opinion, is the research and organizational work of Valerian Lihin in the Society of Naturalists, which contributed to the dissemination of the results of his research work in broad circles. Also the work of a scientist within the Society of Horticulture is noted, where he demonstrated his talent as an organizer of the educational process. The gardening school, created on the initiative of Lihin, contributed to the transformation of Odessa into a flowered garden among the steppe. The article highlights his role in the organization and development of special technical education in the South of Ukraine. It was this talent that contributed to his rapid career growth.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80470847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of Academician I. H. Aleksandrov to the construction of railways and bridges","authors":"Oleksandr Isaienko, S. Isaienko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-5-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-5-18","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important tasks of the modern history of science and technologies is the study of the activities of leading scientists and practitioners of the past, the influence of their ideas on the development of world science and the process of training specialists in the relevant sectors of the national economy. In the opinion of the authors of the article, one of such figures of the early twentieth century is Academician I. H. Aleksandrov. Historical and scientific analysis of life and activity of I. H. Aleksandrov as a scientist, engineer, organizer of science is of high topicality due to the scale and versatility of his scientific contribution. In the context of the development of hydro-engineering and hydropower, the development of transport communications, I. H. Aleksandrov had world-class achievements that glorified national science. Scientific creative work of I. H. Aleksandrov can be divided into five main directions of development of science and technologies: hydro-engineering, hydropower, geographic zoning, railway transport and irrigation. The construction of the Dnipro hydroelectric power station near Zaporizhzhia (1927-1932) (he prepared a project and directed the construction of the largest hydroelectric power station in Europe at that time), the development of the general plan for the electrification of the USSR (compiled projects of electrification of Central Asia and Eastern Siberia), participation in the construction plan Baikal-Amur railway line, development of the methodology of economic zoning of the Soviet Union and the theory of railway “super-mainlines” can be ascribed to the academician. The article concludes that the highly qualified teaching staff of the Moscow Higher Technical School and the Moscow Engineering School of the Office of the Ways of Communications contributed to the thorough theoretical training of a young engineer I. H. Aleksandrov. On the basis of a significant number of sources it was found that occupying different positions, I. H. Aleksandrov participated in solving complex technical issues of contemporary epoch, and scientific research was carried out by I. H. Aleksandrov in the context of the tasks of the engineering science of his time. I. H. Aleksandrov initiated scientific discussions on the construction of ports and canals, in his work he contributed in every way to the development of home industry and the introduction of progressive forms of transport, in particular railway. The authors assert that the modern view on the scientific heritage of I. H. Aleksandrov in the context of the development of hydro-engineering, hydropower and rail transport unambiguously acknowledges that in a concentrated-generalized form ideas, theories and concepts, put forward and scientifically grounded by academician I. H. Aleksandrov, today contribute to the development of scientific and technological process.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78284665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professor M. V. Vynokurov: stages of freight wagons creation (1930-1950)","authors":"N. Ustiak","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-50-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-50-63","url":null,"abstract":"The urgent task of modern historical science is the comprehensive study of the personalities of prominent scientists and engineers who made a significant contribution to the formation of science and technology. The article is devoted to the analysis of the activity of professor M. V. Vynokurov in the field of the creation of freight wagons. In the history of science and technology. M. V. Vynokurov pointed out that it had been decided to produce new wagons using light-alloy steel, which greatly reduced the weight of the dead load. Such a solution was based on the technical experience of the US wagon industry. Particular attention was paid to the unification of the parts and assemblies subjected to the process of wear and damage to the most, were replaced with the current and periodic repairs of the wagon. This important measure has significantly reduced the cost of manufacturing and was important for the organization of repair because it simplified the ability to replace worn parts with spare ones. M. V. Vynokurov is known as a prominent specialist in the field of rolling stock, he devoted his life to the development of carriages and rolling stock. In preparing this article, chronological, typological, comparative methods of historical knowledge, classification and systematization of historical sources and bibliographic material were used that allowed to systematize and critically evaluate the sources used in relation to the question of the stages of the creation of freight wagons. The role of professor M. V. Vynokurov in this process is shown, covering the 1930-1950 years, the most productive years of a scientist and engineer. It was established that due to the personal contribution of M. V. Vynokurov in the unification of parts for different types of freight wagons, there was a reduction in operating costs of railways. This was achieved due to the massive production of various types of freight wagons. Study of the development of freight wagons through the biography of the scientist-engineer M. V. Vynokurov, which is an integral part of the complex of knowledge, implies the application of a systematic approach as a methodological means of scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79682405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The textbook \"Parts of Machines\" by V. O. Dobrovolsky and its importance for the development of higher technical education in Ukraine","authors":"V. Bandus","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-64-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-64-76","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the activities of the famous Ukrainian researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Odessa Polytechnic Institute Victor Opanasovich Dobrovolsky on the preparation of seven editions of the textbook «Parts of Machines». At the present stage of development of the history of science and technology, a comprehensive analysis of the scientific activities of V. O. Dobrovolsky, in the field of general engineering is extremely limited, and coverage of its role in the organization and development of higher technical education in Ukraine is practically absent. The scientist was one of the first who responded to the lack of a full-fledged manual on the discipline «Parts of Machines» for higher education and devoted most of his work at the Odessa Polytechnic Institute to solving this issue. The evolution of the textbook, from the publication of scientists in 1926 the first edition «Lecture notes» to the last, the seventh, personal edition of the «Parts of Machines» 1954 has been analyzed. The main directions and priorities that were identifying by the researcher in each of the publications for the preparation of students and technician have been defined. The place of personal scientific achievements, developments, inventions of V. O. Dobrovolsky and his colleagues and students in the preparation of materials of the textbook, conformity of the given information to the courses' programs and all sorts of recommendations from the Ministry of Education and a wide stake of scientists with whom Viktor Opanasovich collaborated have been considered. The correspondence of textbooks to modern achievements of science and technology and the scientist's constant attention to new home and foreign developments and inventions have been described. The common features and differences in the structure of textbook, causes of reductions, additions, and the emergence of new sections, in accordance with the tasks, which were faced V. O. Dobrovolsky in different periods of its activities have been established. The great popularity and widespread use of the textbook by the majority of higher technical institutions throughout the USSR which was a consequence of the general availability and in-depth processing of the stated theoretical and practical material, its relevance and compliance with the challenges of time have been noted","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85040587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A significant contribution of professor V. Ye. Timonov to the construction of seaports","authors":"L. Soloviova","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-33-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-33-49","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the creative heritage of Vsevolod Yevhenovych Timonov (1862-1936) - a prominent communications engineer, professor of the Institute of Engineers of Railway Transport of Emperor Olexandr I, a hydrotechnical expert, a specialist in the field of water transport, a port administrator, head of the Petersburg divission of railway transport (1899-1907), the founder and Director of the First Hydrotechnical Laboratory in the Russian Empire (1907-1920) and the Hydrotechnical Research Institute at the Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers, a member of the Engineering Council of the Ministry of Railway Transport, Head of Statistics and Cartography of Ministry of Railway Transport (since 1907), head of the International section of the High Technology Council of the People's Commissariat of Railway Transport (since 1918), is especially important to understand the processes of development of homeland hydrotechnical science and water transport. His scientific works are devoted to the construction of ports, bridges, and lighthouses, to improvement of the conditions of navigation on the large rivers of the country, to regulation of their beds with rapids. He was the first who pointed to the advantage of mechanical excavation in improving navigable conditions on large rivers. Since 1886, V .Ye. Timonov worked at the Office of Railway Transport, while at the same time taking up construction and administrative and teaching positions. V .Ye. Timonov carried out the first works on the laying of quay-piers from rock body in the Baltic Sea (1887), organized and conducted the first dredging work (1887), explored the mouths of the Dnipro, Don and Volga rivers (1890) and defined the branches of each river for the improvement of navigation, made a draft of the rapids’ parts of the Dnipro and conducted research works on one of the thresholds (1894), researched the coasts of the Pacific ocean to select the location of the Pacific port of Siberian Railway and chose a place for this port (Vladyvostok), investigated the rivers of the Amur region and proposed measures to improve them (1895), etc. V .Ye. Timonov is the founder of the original direction in the construction industry, one of the founders of the doctrine of ports, the founder of the theory of the framework of hydraulic structures, the developer of the theory of port infrastructure, the historian of science and technology. Vsevolod Yevhenovych occupies one of the honorary places in the world of hydraulic engineering, water, and partly rail transport. Common factors in problems, defined by him on the basis of his numerous and original works, as well as works of his students, made a significant contribution to the further development of hydraulic engineering not only in our country but also in the world. Scientific ideas of V .Ye. Timonov significantly expanded and deepened our understanding of the regularities of development of hydraulic engineering science. In the context of his original beliefs, he analy","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89784860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}