History of Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Natural museums of Ukrainian universities (XIX - early XX centuries)","authors":"H. Deforzh","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-89-98","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important tasks of the modern history of Biology is the study of natural museums work at universities, their influence on the development of world science and their importance in the process of training the relevant specialists. One of the tasks is to study the role of the personalities of prominent scholars who have made a significant contribution to the formation and development of natural science. The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation, development, and work of the university natural museums of Ukraine, the creation of collections, systematization of the collected material, equipment of specialized premises and buildings. On the basis of the analyzed sources, the work of university natural museums, the state of collections, their quantity, filling, and cost are highlighted. The names of scholars of museums, patrons who donated collections and people who sold their own collections to natural museums are given. The article reveals a rather long history of universities in Ukraine. The oldest of them, Lviv University, was created in 1661 on the basis of the Jesuit College. A number of universities appear in the nineteenth century. In 1805 Kharkiv University was opened, and then in 1834 Kyiv University. Later, in 1865, the Novorosiysk University was founded in Odesa on the basis of the Rishelie Lyceum; in 1875 the Chernivtsi University was opened on the basis of the seminary. Together with universities, natural museums are created, which were becoming centers of knowledge and research. Universities opened geological, mineralogical, zoological, botanical, paleontological museums with appropriate collections. During the writing of the article, the materials from reports on the state and work of Kharkiv, Novorosiysk, Kyiv and Lviv universities were used. The functions of museums at universities are considered. This is, first of all, the identification and selection of materials for collections, the study, systematization, organization of the registration and storage of museum collections and as a result the exhibition. The role of the use of museum collections for the training and education of future specialists is also considered. Not the last role is assigned to university museums as popularizers of a positive image of an educational institution, and hence prospective recruitment of a new generation of students. It can be said with certainty that the natural museums of Ukrainian universities of the 19th and early 20th centuries were advanced and in no way inferior to the university museums of Europe concerning the organization, collection, systematization and conducting of scientific research.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72515204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work in the interests of rail transport: the second Minister of Railway Transport of the Russian Empire – Volodymyr O. Bobrynskyi (1869-1871)","authors":"O. Pylypchuk, O. Strelko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-19-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-19-32","url":null,"abstract":"The expanded and comprehensive study of the way of life of the personalities of prominent figures who have made a significant contribution to the formation and development of homeland and world science remains a topical task of historical science at the present stage of its development. The article is devoted to the coverage and periodization of stages of life and activities in the field of railroad construction of the Russian Empire, of its second Minister of Railway Transport Volodymyr O. Bobrynskyi. The preconditions of V. O. Bobrynskyi’s career growth have been considered. The article shows how the study at St. Petersburg University influenced the formation of V. O. Bobrynskyi’s personality. The stages of the military career of V. O. Bobrynskyi during the Crimean War of 1854-1856 have been investigated. Analysis of V. O. Bobrynskyi’s activity in different public positions until he was appointed as the Minister of Railway Transport, allowed to assess his contribution to state building and the development of the Russian Empire in various fields. It has been established that Volodymyr Bobrynskyi, acting as the Minister of Railway Transport of the Russian Empire, became the initiator of the construction of 27 railway lines, and as the creator of the network of railways, including the Ukrainian segment. His activities during the administration of the ministry were aimed at strategic directions for the development of railways, in particular: to establish links between the railways that were still divided; to ensure continuation of lines that were not adjacent to the general railway network; to connect internal provinces with seaports (with Mykolaiv and Mariupol); to develop the railways in the interests of the coal and mining industry, as well as the Vologda and Vyatka-Dvina lines. In addition, on the initiative of the Minister, it was envisaged to include two strategic railway lines - from Prague to Warsaw and from Lukov to Ivanogorod. Analysis of reforms of V. O. Bobrynskyi in the management of the railways showed that he successfully pursued a policy of removing from the state administration all the lines already built, and those that were still being built on the expense of the public purse. At the end of the ministerial activity of V. O. Bobrynskyi in September 1871, the length of the railways in the Russian Empire grew almost twice and exceeded 13 thousand miles and almost all of them belonged to private railway companies. The article shows the role of V. O. Bobrynskyi in solving the problem of constru-ction of narrow-gauge railways. And although his occupying the post of Minister of Railway Transport was short-lived, some two years, V. O. Bobrynskyi should be referred to the constellation of those ministers who successfully built railway transport and its facilities.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82776719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rights of juveniles in civil procedure (the 2nd half of the ХІХ century)","authors":"O. Pylypchuk","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-120-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-120-129","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the contribution of scientists of the Kyiv Law Society to solving the problems of juveniles, their legal personality, as well as the ability to act as an orator or respondent in the civil process. In the essay we made an attempt to determine The legal significance of the concept of legal personality, which consists of such components as: legal capacity, legal competence and delictual capacity under the current Ukrainian legislation. The analysis on legal sources operating on Ukrainian territories in the second half of the nineteenth century was carried out. It showed that all people aged from 14 to 21 were considered to be juveniles, and in turn were divided into two categories by age. In addition, it has been shown that the rights of representatives of different social classes were different, and various additional rules on custody and guardianship which enriched one and limited the rights of others. were constantly issued. This led to the fact that in the early '70s of the XIX century there were about fifteen types of guardianships. It has been noted that the given situation has led to the corresponding difficulties in the regulation of legal relationships, in particular, due to the lack of systematic rules on custodianship and guardianship. It has been shown how the members of the Kyiv Law society raised this issue and tried to initiate its solution at the legislative level. In particular, it has been shown that there wasn’t a general opinion on the matter in the second half of the XIX century. First of all, due to the inconsistency of legal norms in various legal acts. The speeches of the Society members, in which they told about the peculiarities of the current practice on the given issue at that time have been highlighted. From these it has been concluded that the most common was the thought that gave a juvenile a certain independence in the right to sue and answer in court with the permission of the trustee. It has been noted how the inflexibility of the social and legal system hampered the development of civil law, primarily because of the conservative views of the aristocracy regarding the granting of rights and freedoms to other classes of citizens in the country. It has been traced how the development of certain issues of civil law in the activities of Ukrainian scientists led to an increase in the limits of the juvenile legal personality and the current full civil capacity of juveniles in the civil process.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73387107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of scientific research in communication studies in the 1920s - 1930s","authors":"D. Kislov","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-99-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-99-108","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses and analyzes the role assessment and communication significance in state control systems in works and prominent representatives’ statements of political thought from antiquity to the beginning of the twentieth century in accordance with the understanding of this phenomenon essence in the considered historical epochs. It is shown that from the history of political thought, although some well-founded concepts of the relationship between the authorities and the population of the thinkers of ancient China, India, and antiquity are known, they require more detailed and systematic understanding. The influence of the managerial and communicative ideas of Confucius, Plato and Aristotle on the subsequent works of Caesar, Cicero, the thinkers of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment are consistently discussed. A comparative analysis of individual views on the relationship between the state of public administration and communication of theologians and scientists of the XIII-XVIII centuries was conducted: F. Aquinas, F. Petrarch, L. Bruni, N. Machiavelli, M. Luther, T. More, T. Campanella, J. Boden, G. Grotius, J. Locke, T. Hobbes. Particular attention is paid to the ideas of S. Montesquieu, I. Kant, and G.-V.-F. Hegel as the founders of the scientific discourse around the problems of war and peace, the effectiveness of government and relations with the subjects of this management, with the people. In particular, the developments of the Chicago school in the United States and the Institute for Social Research in Germany, which laid the theoretical foundation for the beginning of the formation of information and communication theories that created the basis of the modern stage of communication development in the late twentieth century - early twenty-first century. Research and analysis in the work of the first historical ideas and theoretical concepts of the role, communication place and importance in public administration systems, advanced for 2500 years by a galaxy of eminent thinkers of the past, allows to rethink the sources of conceptual ideas of communicology put forward in the 20th century and approach the objective assessment of the perspective the role of the communication component of the humanity civilizational development in the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85495720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of meteor astronomy at the Odessa University during the period of Ukraine's independence","authors":"I. Hrushytska","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-77-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2019-9-1(14)-77-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article using the methods of bibliographic and source study analysis and systems approach highlights the state and main trends in the development of meteor astronomy in Odessa during the time of independent Ukraine. At the beginning of the 21st century, continuous meteor patrol was restored at the Odessa Astronomical Observatory, which was intensively conducted at the Observatory during Soviet times. It was based on the use of the television and telescopic method, which was used in the CIS for the first time. The advantages of using the television telescopic method in comparison with the photographic and radar methods for solving the fundamental problems of meteor astronomy are noted. The text gives valuable information on the features of continuous meteor patrols at the observation station Kryzhanovka and the work of the expeditionary automatic meteor patrol on Snake Island (Odessa region, Ukraine). The methods of conducting telescopic television observations and processing observational material developed by Odessa researchers are considered. The main directions of meteoric studies conducted in the Odessa Astronomical Observatory using television meteor patrol materials were determined. Studying the physics of meteoric phenomena, obtaining exact coordinates of individual meteor radiant, spectral observations of meteors, studying double and multiple meteors, studying the structure and density of meteoric dust particles, solving interaction problems meteor showers with the Earth’s atmosphere, statistics of meteor phenomena in the Earth’s atmosphere are the main directions of meteoric studies of Odessa Astronomical Observatory. The scientific potential of Yu. M. Gorbanev in the field of meteor astronomy of, the leader of the meteoric group, O. V. Holubaieva, the head of the meteor's television patrol at the Kryzhanovka observation station in 2003-2011, as well as participation in the meteor research S. H. Kimakovskyi, I. I. Kimakovskyi, S. V. Podlesniak, I. A. Stognieieva, L. A. Saresta, A. F. Prinzykov, V. A. Shestopalov, etc are noted. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of conducting meteoric research for the development of fundamental and applied science.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74557865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical analysis of the influence of S. Yu. Witte on the development of rail transport in the Russian Empire","authors":"O. Pylypchuk, O. Strelko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-353-367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-353-367","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the activity of Serhii Yuliyovych Witte (Vitte) (1849-1915) – an outstanding statesperson and reformer. The authors make an analysis and evaluation of the activity of S.Yu. Witte focused on the development of rail transport in the Russian Empire in general and of his activity on the post of Minister of Ways of Communication, in particular. The carried studies allowed the authors to systematize and critically assess the sources describing the impact of S.Yu. Witte for the development of rail transport in the Russian Empire, as well as to depict the stages of life and professional activity of S.Yu. Witte in this direction. The authors prove that the main achievements of S.Yu. Witte to develop rail transport in the Russian Empire should be considered the following: the purchase of private railways and the concentration of the main railways network in the hands of the state; the construction of new railways on public funds; the transformation of the railway industry into a stable, profitable one; the settlement and further development of customs and tariff systems; the beginning of the construction of the Great Siberian Route. The article traces the main achievements of S.Yu. Witte as the Minister of Ways Communication of the Russian Empire. In the article it is shown that as a result of the step-by-step introducing of railway control and financial reform, which lasted for a decade, S.Yu. Witte managed to create an effective system of control over the public and private sectors of railways. The scope of the influence of S.Yu. Witte for the economic and political development of the Russian Empire is determined. The literary sources analysis suggests that S.Yu. Witte's policy was subordinated to the sole goal of: the industrialization of the state, the successful development of the economy of the Russian Empire, without affecting the political system, without changing anything in the state administration of the country. The analysis allowed the authors to state that it was S.Yu. Witte who attained coordinated and clear actions of the two most important departments of the Russian Empire – the Ministry of Ways of Communication and the Ministry of Finance – since they were the most interested in the construction of rail transport. Only through the coordination of the activities of these governmental structures, attained by S.Yu. Witte, it became possible to overcome the unprofitability of rail transport, which ultimately helped to stabilize the financial situation of the Russian Empire in general.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87715936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consultative congresses of the rolling stock and traction engineers: activity оf L. M. Levi","authors":"Yu.A. Berdnychenko, H. Kyrychenko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-284-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-284-296","url":null,"abstract":"An up-to-date task of modern historical science is a comprehensive study of prominent personalities having made a significant contribution to the formation and development of world science. The article is devoted to the analysis and systematized generalization of a set of scientific facts that objectively characterize various aspects of the activities of outstanding railroad engineer Liudwih Mavrykiiovych Levi in the consultative congresses of the rolling stock department engineers. In the history of science and technology, L.M Levi is known as a prominent locomotive designer, who almost all his life devoted to the development and improvement of locomotives. While preparing this paper chronological, typological, comparative methods of historical knowledge, as well as the classification and systematization of historical sources and bibliographic material which allowed to systematize and critically evaluate the used sources have been applied. Using these methods we highlighted the main point in the current state of studying the topic and the results of other researchers, characterized previous works on this problem and clearly singled out issues not having been sufficiently studied yet. The sources analysis made it possible to give an objective appraisal of the contribution made by L. Levi during his participation in the consultative congress of rolling stock and traction engineers. His role in solving the problems on implementing the “Compound system” on steam engines has been shown. Further development and improvement of which became possible only with the introduction of steam. There was an increase in traction force of locomotives and rolling stock of freight trains. It was found that thanks to the personal contribution of L. M. Levi to the unification of parts for different types of rolling stock, water supply and signaling devices, there was a reduction in the operating costs of railways. This was achieved thanks to the mass production of spare parts, as well as individual locomotives and wagons with the help of specially adapted workshops. The study of transport science through the biography of a scientist, is an integral part of a complex of diverse knowledge, involves the use of a systematic approach as a methodological means of scientific knowledge. It opens up the possibility to combine the structure and content of empirical tools from one point of view with theoretical ideas and requires the consideration of controversial views on the inheritance of national railway scientists and L.M. Levi in particular.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79034729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History and general characteristics of the journal “Engineering Matters”","authors":"S. Hurinchuk","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-297-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-297-306","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes and summarizes the objectivity of reasons and prerequisites for a scientific-technical journal’s appearing on the territory of Transcaucasia at the beginning of the XXth century. Having studied a vast range of scientific materials the author has all the grounds to assert that the beginning of the XX th century demanded the appearance of a qualitatively new journal, which would keep a close watch on the national and foreign technique development and would promote implementing of new technical ideas in engineering and construction matters as well as participate in training of engineering technical talents, and primarily serve the progress in the field of national engineering. Applying the method of historical and scientific analysis in the article it is highlighted that the journal Engineering has focused constructive, creative, and organizational efforts on uniting around the editorial board the best creative forces. At various times, the editors of the journal were outstanding Russian scientists and engineers who, developing the problems of the country's technical development, sought to combine scientific and technical achievements of that society with achievements in the field of railway engineering and structural mechanics, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the journal and constantly strengthened ties with readers. It is noted that taken as a whole, the materials of the journal “Engineering Matters” vividly reflect the state of Russian and world science and technology of that time, tell us about the actual contribution of scientists, technicians, engineers and practitioners to the treasury of world science, make a decisive step towards bringing science to solving problems of industrialization of the national economy, develop a number of problems of capital industrial and transport construction, mechanization of mining operations, problems of improving the quality of industrial products. It has been proved that the creation of technical periodicals of the Caucasus branch of the Russian Technical Society was dictated by the requirements of Transcaucasia which acutely needed a quick and competent solution of technological challenges in upbringing scientific and technical staff.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80374590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of formation of positive psychotherapy, as a direction of psychology (second half of XX – early XXI centuries)","authors":"O. Sirenko","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-515-526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-515-526","url":null,"abstract":"For the modern historical science, the actual task is to study the history of the becoming of new directions of social and humanitarian sciences, in particular in the field of psychology. The article is devoted to the analysis and systematization of the main events that led to the constitution of positive psychotherapy in an independent direction of modern psychology. Methodological basis of the work are methods of classification and systematization of sources, which allowed to generalize and systematize the main views on the role and place of positive psychotherapy in psychological science, as well as chronological, typological, comparative methods of historical knowledge, which allowed to distinguish the main stages of the development of positive psychotherapy on the path from the author psychotherapeutic method Nossrat Peseschkianto an independent direction of psychology. The analysis of the sources allowed us to give an objective assessment of Nosrat Peseschkian's activity of the German neurologist, psychiatrist and psychotherapist of Iranian origin as the founder of the method of positive therapy and its contribution to the dissemination and popularization of the method. It has been established that thanks to the personal contribution of Nosrat Peseschkian, positive psychotherapy has been recognized by scholars as a separate line of psychology, and it has many followers among practicing psychologists and psychotherapists. Among other areas, positive psychotherapy is positioned as humanistic transcultural psychodynamic therapy, which is based on the positive concept of human nature. It is founded on three main principles: hope, balance, and counseling, and is a conflict-centered, integrative short-term therapy that allows you to address the psychological problems of an individual taking into account the cultural characteristics of patients. At the present stage of development, psychology as a science is characterized by the active integration of psychological theories into psychotherapeutic and counseling practice. Positive psychotherapy should be regarded as an illustrative example of the effectiveness of this trend, and therefore the study of the main stages of the formation of the method and its institutionalization as an independent direction of psychological science is the purpose of this work.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89532567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalities of domestic aircraft construction: Gindin Gilil Peisakhovich","authors":"O. Kryvokon","doi":"10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-307-318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2018-8-2(13)-307-318","url":null,"abstract":"The publication is devoted to the analysis of the biography and creativity of Gilil Pesakhovich Gindin (1923 – 1998), the designer in the field of domestic aircraft engineering, a specialist in the development of the aircraft wing. In the national history of science and technology, in particular in the aircraft engineering industry, there is almost no information about the biographies, design, technical, engineering or other achievements of those people who under the guidance of O.K. Antonov, created the world-famous domestic transport aircraft. For various reasons, the vast majority of those who directly develop and create airplanes remain in the shadow of the names of general designers - top managers. Therefore, we decided to devote a number of publications to research and description of the domestic aircraft industry personalities. On the basis of personal documents, interview materials of colleagues, contemporaries and information kindly provided by Gilil Peisakhovich’s son, the life path and facts characterizing Gindin G.P. professional achievements during his work at the enterprise, both under the guidance of O.K. Antonov, and afterwards are reproduced. Namely, data on the exploits of G. P. Gindin during the Great Patriotic War are presented, and a list of his military awards is given. Gilil Peisakhovich’s career path is described from a rank-and-file worker, a designer in the wing department to the brigade chief and the head of the KV-22 department. The main design achievements and innovative developments of Gindin G.P. are briefly described. In particular, the fact that with his direct participation the pressed panels of the wing with a length of 28 meters with one ending for the AN-124 \"Ruslan\" were developed, designed and worked out in production, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as a wing, which passed the entire stage of life tests without a single remark and breakdown. For the first time, some little-known data on the activities of the wing department and other features of the creation of the world-famous AN-124 \"Ruslan\" aircraft are published. In addition, the memoirs of contemporaries about personal, organizational, managerial and business qualities of a famous aircraft manufacturer are given. The publication concluded that Gilil Peisakhovich Gindin undoubtedly made a significant contribution to the development of the domestic aircraft industry, in particular in the field of designing, developing and improving the wing and its mechanization.","PeriodicalId":36356,"journal":{"name":"History of Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73409216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}