{"title":"Integration of LEDs in forward lighting","authors":"Luca Sardi, Ralf Dr.Rer.Nat. Ackermann","doi":"10.1117/12.602344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.602344","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years the application of LEDs for automotive signaling functions has become even more important making feasible a wide variety of stylistic and technical solutions. Nevertheless, the continuous improving of white LEDs performances seems to be suitable for the application of these sources also for the headlamp main functions. In this paper different solutions will be shown and discussed, with particular attention to the optical design issue as well as to the electronic and thermal management.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"61 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120868357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Levy, E. Picard, J. Rothmann, E. Mottin, E. Hadji, J. Duhr
{"title":"Resonant microcavity light emitters for onboard exhaust emissions IR sensor","authors":"F. Levy, E. Picard, J. Rothmann, E. Mottin, E. Hadji, J. Duhr","doi":"10.1117/12.597602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.597602","url":null,"abstract":"A sensor based on selective optical absorption allows monitoring of hazardous engine exhaust emissions such as gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The IR components presented here offer the potential to develop a compact, fast and selective sensor reaching the technical and cost requirements for on-board automotive applications. Optical gas monitoring requires light sources above 3μm since most of the gas species have their fundamental absorption peaks between 3 and 6 μm. We report here on resonant microcavity light sources emitting at room temperature between 3 and 5μm. The emitter combines a CdxHg1-xTe light emitting heterostructure and two dielectric multilayered mirrors. It is optically pumped by a commercial III-V laser diode. The principle of the resonant microcavity emitter allows tailoring of the emission wavelength and the line width to fit the absorption band of a specific gas, ensuring a very good selectivity between species. Moreover, this kind of emitter allows fast modulation enabling high detectivity and short response time. We report performances of light sources in the range 3-5μm allowing the detection of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Association of emitters peaking at different characteristic wavelengths with a single broad band detector allows designing of an optical sensor for several gas species. Sensitivity and time response issues have been characterized: detection of less than 50ppm of CH4 on a 15cm path has been demonstrated on synthetic gas; analysis of exhaust gases from a vehicle has allowed cylinder to cylinder resolution. This optical sensor offers the potential of various on-board automotive applications.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kahlmann, T. Oggier, F. Lustenberger, N. Blanc, H. Ingensand
{"title":"3D-TOF sensors in the automobile","authors":"T. Kahlmann, T. Oggier, F. Lustenberger, N. Blanc, H. Ingensand","doi":"10.1117/12.607261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.607261","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, pervasive computing has become an important topic in automobile industry. Besides well-known driving assistant systems such as ABS, ASR and ESP several small tools that support driving activities were developed. The most important reason for integrating new technologies is to increase the safety of passengers as well as road users. The Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM) Zurich presented the CMOS/CCD real-time range-imaging technology, a measurement principle with a wide field of applications in automobiles. The measuring system is based on the time-of-flight measurement principle using actively modulated radiation. Thereby, the radiation is emitted by the camera's illumination system, reflected by objects in the field of view and finally imaged on the CMOS/CCD sensor by the optics. From the acquired radiation, the phase delay and hence the target distance is derived within each individual pixel. From these distance measurements, three-dimensional coordinates can then be calculated. The imaging sensor acquires its environment data in a high-frequency mode and is therefore appropriate for real-time applications. The basis for decisions which contribute to the increased safety is thus available. In this contribution, first the operational principle of the sensor technology is outlined. Further, some implementations of the technology are presented. At the laboratories of the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP) at ETH Zurich an implementation of the above mentioned measurement principle, the SwissRanger, was investigated in detail. Special attention was focused on the characteristics of this sensor and its calibration. Finally, sample applications within the automobile are introduced.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133053458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Clarkin, Richard J. Timmerman, G. Stolte, K. Klein
{"title":"PCS optical fibers for an automobile data bus","authors":"J. Clarkin, Richard J. Timmerman, G. Stolte, K. Klein","doi":"10.1117/12.596900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596900","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fibers have been used for data communications in automobiles for several years. The fiber of choice thus far has been a plastic core/plastic clad optical fiber (POF) consisting of the plastic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The POF fiber provides a low cost fiber with relatively easy termination. However, increasing demands regarding temperature performance, transmission losses and bandwidth have pushed the current limits of the POF fiber, and the automotive industry is now moving towards an optical fiber with a silica glass core/plastic clad (PCS). PCS optical fibers have been used successfully in industrial, medical, sensor, military and data communications systems for over two decades. The PCS fiber is now being adapted specifically for automotive use. In the following, the design criteria and design alternatives for the PCS as well as optical, thermal, and mechanical testing results for key automotive parameters are described. The fiber design tested was 200μm synthetic silica core/230μm fluoropolymer cladding/1510μm nylon buffer. Key attributes such as 700 - 900 nm spectral attenuation, 125°C thermal soak, -40 to 125°C thermal cycling, bending losses, mechanical strength, termination capability, and cost are discussed and compared. Overall, a specifically designed PCS fiber is expected to be acceptable for the use in an automotive data bus, and will show improvement in optical transmission, temperature range and bandwidth. However, the final selection of buffer and jacket materials and properties will be most dependent on the selection of a reliable and economical termination method.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132775168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lighting innovations in concept cars","authors":"S. Berlitz, W. Huhn","doi":"10.1117/12.583156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.583156","url":null,"abstract":"Concept cars have their own styling process. Because of the big media interest they give a big opportunity to bring newest technology with styling ideas to different fairgrounds. The LED technology in the concept cars Audi Pikes Peak, Nuvolari and Le Mans will be explained. Further outlook for the Audi LED strategy starting with LED Daytime Running Lamp will be given. The close work between styling and technical engineers results in those concept cars and further technical innovations based on LED technologies.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114315480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dow Corning photonics: the silicon advantage in automotive photonics","authors":"T. Clapp, R. Paquet, A. Norris, Babette Pettersen","doi":"10.1117/12.606332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.606332","url":null,"abstract":"The Automotive Market offers several opportunities for Dow Corning to leverage the power of silicon-based materials. Dow Corning Photonics Solutions has a number of developments that may be attractive for the emergent photonics needs in automobiles, building on 40 years of experience as a leading Automotive supplier with a strong foundation of expertise and an extensive product offering- from encapsulents and highly reliable resins, adhesives, insulating materials and other products, ensuring that the advantage of silicones are already well-embedded in Automotive systems, modules and components. The recent development of LED encapsulants of exceptional clarity and stability has extended the potential for Dow Corning’s strength in Photonics to be deployed “in-car”. Demonstration of board-level and back-plane solutions utilising siloxane waveguide technology offers new opportunities for systems designers to integrate optical components at low cost on diverse substrates. Coupled with work on simple waveguide technology for sensors and data communications applications this suite of materials and technology offerings is very potent in this sector. The harsh environment under hood and the very extreme thermal range that materials must sustain in vehicles due to both their engine and the climate is an applications specification that defines the siloxane advantage. For these passive optics applications the siloxanes very high clarity at the data-communications wavelengths coupled with extraordinary stability offers significant design advantage. The future development of Head-Up-Displays for instrumentation and data display will offer yet more opportunities to the siloxanes in Automotive Photonics.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129954912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Royo, M. J. Arranz, J. Arasa, M. Cattoen, Thierry Bosch
{"title":"NICOLAU: compact unit for photometric characterization of automotive lighting from near-field measurements","authors":"S. Royo, M. J. Arranz, J. Arasa, M. Cattoen, Thierry Bosch","doi":"10.1117/12.593289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593289","url":null,"abstract":"The present works depicts a measurement technique intended to enhance the characterization procedures of the photometric emissions of automotive headlamps, with potential applications to any light source emission, either automotive or non-automotive. A CCD array with a precisely characterized optical system is used for sampling the luminance field of the headlamp just a few centimetres in front of it, by combining deflectometric techniques (yielding the direction of the light beams) and photometric techniques (yielding the energy travelling in each direction). The CCD array scans the measurement plane using a self-developed mechanical unit and electronics, and then image-processing techniques are used for obtaining the photometric behaviour of the headlamp in any given plane, in particular in the plane and positions required by current normative, but also on the road, on traffic signs, etc. An overview of the construction of the system, of the considered principle of measurement, and of the main calibrations performed on the unit is presented. First results concerning relative measurements are presented compared both to reference data from a photometric tunnel and from a plane placed 5m away from the source. Preliminary results for the absolute photometric calibration of the system are also presented for different illumination beams of different headlamps (driving and passing beam).","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120829025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Grenet, S. Gyger, P. Heim, F. Heitger, F. Kaess, P. Nussbaum, Pierre-François Ruedi
{"title":"High dynamic range vision sensor for automotive applications","authors":"E. Grenet, S. Gyger, P. Heim, F. Heitger, F. Kaess, P. Nussbaum, Pierre-François Ruedi","doi":"10.1117/12.610256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.610256","url":null,"abstract":"A 128 x 128 pixels, 120 dB vision sensor extracting at the pixel level the contrast magnitude and direction of local image features is used to implement a lane tracking system. The contrast representation (relative change of illumination) delivered by the sensor is independent of the illumination level. Together with the high dynamic range of the sensor, it ensures a very stable image feature representation even with high spatial and temporal inhomogeneities of the illumination. Dispatching off chip image feature is done according to the contrast magnitude, prioritizing features with high contrast magnitude. This allows to reduce drastically the amount of data transmitted out of the chip, hence the processing power required for subsequent processing stages. To compensate for the low fill factor (9%) of the sensor, micro-lenses have been deposited which increase the sensitivity by a factor of 5, corresponding to an equivalent of 2000 ASA. An algorithm exploiting the contrast representation output by the vision sensor has been developed to estimate the position of a vehicle relative to the road markings. The algorithm first detects the road markings based on the contrast direction map. Then, it performs quadratic fits on selected kernel of 3 by 3 pixels to achieve sub-pixel accuracy on the estimation of the lane marking positions. The resulting precision on the estimation of the vehicle lateral position is 1 cm. The algorithm performs efficiently under a wide variety of environmental conditions, including night and rainy conditions.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LED frontlighting","authors":"K. Eichhorn","doi":"10.1117/12.583158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.583158","url":null,"abstract":"The \"light emitting diode\", or LED for short, has already made a name for itself as an alternative luminant for vehicle lighting applications. Lighting functionalities on the interior and on the rear of the vehicle in particular benefit from the advantages of LEDs such as reliability and compactness. Thanks to the rapid increase in power in LEDs, applications in headlamps can now also be represented. This paper focuses on the use of white high-power LEDs in headlamps. As well as explaining the structure of LEDs and how they work, their technical properties in comparison with conventional light sources will also be discussed. In addition, system requirements and LED frontlighting applications will be presented.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Legras, A. Crastes, J. Tissot, Y. Guimond, P. C. Antonello, J. Leleve, Hans-Joachim Lenz, P. Potet, J. Yon
{"title":"Low-cost uncooled IRFPA and molded IR lenses for enhanced driver vision","authors":"O. Legras, A. Crastes, J. Tissot, Y. Guimond, P. C. Antonello, J. Leleve, Hans-Joachim Lenz, P. Potet, J. Yon","doi":"10.1117/12.608344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608344","url":null,"abstract":"Uncooled infrared focal plane arrays are being developed for a wide range of thermal imaging applications. CEA / LETI developments are focused on the improvement of their sensitivity enabling the possibility to reduce the pixel pitch and the decrease of the system cost by using smaller optics. We present the characterization of a 160 x 120 infrared focal plane array with a pixel pitch of 35 μm. The amorphous silicon based technology is using recent process enhancement developed by CEA / LETI and transferred to ULIS. ULIS developed for this device a low cost package. The readout integrated circuit structure is using an advanced skimming function to enhance the pixel signal exploitation. This device is well adapted to high volume infrared imaging applications where spatial resolution (in term of pixel number) is less important than cost. The electro-optical characterization is presented. Besides, A unique and high precision molding technology has been developed by Umicore IR Glass to produce low cost chalcogenide infrared glass lenses with a high performance level. Spherical, aspherical and asphero-diffractive lenses have been manufactured with very accurate surface precision. The performances are comparable to those of an optic made with aspherical germanium. This new glass named GASIR offers an alternative solution to germanium for thermal imaging, especially for medium and high volumes applications. These two key technologies are well adapted to develop infrared driver vision enhancement (DVE) system for commercial application. A European project named ICAR has been setting up to exploit these advantages. An overview of the project will be given.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129984128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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