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Measurement method for sun effects on target’s chromaticity and luminance 太阳对目标色度和亮度影响的测量方法
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.596402
Hsueh-Ling Yu, C. Hsiao
{"title":"Measurement method for sun effects on target’s chromaticity and luminance","authors":"Hsueh-Ling Yu, C. Hsiao","doi":"10.1117/12.596402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596402","url":null,"abstract":"The luminance and color of a traffic sign depend on the angle, illuminance, and spectrum of the illuminating sunlight. The general method for measuring the effects of sun on traffic signs is to use Xe source or Xe source with filters as a sun-simulator to simulate the CIE defined average sunlight spectrum, D65. The disadvantages of using the sun-simulator are the high cost and measurement error that arises from the difference between the spectrum of the sunlight and that of sun-simulator. Using Xe source as the sun-simulator may produce an error of around 3.5% due to the spectrum difference. To solve these problems, a measurement method has been applied to eliminate the need for sun-simulator in measuring the sun effect on traffic signs. Measuring the spectral reflectance of the target and calculating a luminance and illuminance translation factor allow us to calculate the luminance reflected from the target, regardless of the light source illuminating on it. For instance, the effects of other sunlight spectra, such as D55 or D75, on the targets can also be determined by this method without the use of any light source to simulate D55 or D75. The sunlight spectrum in the presented simulation equation is obtained directly from the CIE definition, eliminating the error associated with the difference between the sun simulator and sunlight spectra. The experimental results demonstrate that the calculated luminance is about 1% different from the measurement results. Low cost, good accuracy and high flexibility are the advantages of this method.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127453915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
CMOS chip technology for automotive imagers 汽车成像仪的CMOS芯片技术
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.602057
Hans-Harald Stoehr, C. Softley
{"title":"CMOS chip technology for automotive imagers","authors":"Hans-Harald Stoehr, C. Softley","doi":"10.1117/12.602057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.602057","url":null,"abstract":"Photonfocus AG in Switzerland develops and produces image sensors for automotive applications. This presentation shows the special requirements for imager chips in automobiles and gives some examples of automotive-qualified image sensors based on CMOS technology. The results point out the principal advantages of CMOS chip technology in comparison to CCD. In addition, there is an outlook for the next generation of automotive CMOS sensors.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126705563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
LED headlamps: the spiny path to a legal headlamp LED大灯:通往合法大灯的曲折之路
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.596878
T. Luce
{"title":"LED headlamps: the spiny path to a legal headlamp","authors":"T. Luce","doi":"10.1117/12.596878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.596878","url":null,"abstract":"Since two decades, LEDs are used as light sources in the automobile industry. However, up to now, their usage was restricted to low lumen applications like dashboard lighting and exterior signal lighting. With the advent of very high brightness LEDs, now the time is ready to tackle also the most demanding application, the front forward lighting. Schefenacker actively works on the realisation of an LED headlamp. From this research work, several optical concepts for the realization of LED front forward lighting and their impact on the light source and on the lighting performance are presented. The advantages and challenges coming with the realisation of an LED headlamp are discussed. An outlook on future developments of LED forward lighting is given, e.g. possibilities with AFS or car to car communication. A short discussion of the legal situation with LED headlamps is added, including an outlook of the expected dates for legalization.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"5663 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130047212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Dependecy of the reaction time from the overlap of signal lights with different colors 反应时间与不同颜色信号灯重叠的关系
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.597053
K. Klinger
{"title":"Dependecy of the reaction time from the overlap of signal lights with different colors","authors":"K. Klinger","doi":"10.1117/12.597053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.597053","url":null,"abstract":"The rearward signal aspect consists of lights with different colors. With standard technics these signal lights are located at different places. With new technics it is possible to build signal lights with different colors together in one place. The signals overlap. In experiments at the University of Karlsruhe we studied the dependency between reaction time and overlap of signal lights. We can see, that the total overlap from a yellow turn signal and a red brake signal will increase the reaction time. The increase depends of the ratio between the luminance of the turn indicator signal and the luminance of the brake signal. With a ratio from one to one (best case with minimal increase) we found an increase of 300 milli seconds.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128453021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
LED light sources for head-up displays 用于平视显示器的LED光源
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.608342
M. Wanninger
{"title":"LED light sources for head-up displays","authors":"M. Wanninger","doi":"10.1117/12.608342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608342","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Head-Up Displays is simple: move the important information a driver needs to see up into their line of sight, so they don’t have to take their eyes off the road. A projected image appears to be floating freely over the hood, at a distance of approximately two meters. Mirrors direct light from an image-generating LCD to the windshield where it is superimposed with the driver’s field of view. The LCD is lit with an appropriate light source. Requirements like long lifetime, vibration resistance, thermal stability and high luminance make LED light sources ideal for use in the automotive industry. The paper discusses the principles of the optical system design of an LED light source for Head-Up Displays.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116964666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Laser diodes for sensing applications: adaptive cruise control and more 用于传感应用的激光二极管:自适应巡航控制等
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.604722
J. Heerlein, S. Morgott, Christian Ferstl
{"title":"Laser diodes for sensing applications: adaptive cruise control and more","authors":"J. Heerlein, S. Morgott, Christian Ferstl","doi":"10.1117/12.604722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604722","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive Cruise Controls (ACC) and pre-crash sensors require an intelligent eye which can recognize traffic situations and deliver a 3-dimensional view. Both microwave RADAR and “Light RADAR” (LIDAR) systems are well suited as sensors. In order to utilize the advantages of LIDARs -- such as lower cost, simpler assembly and high reliability -- the key component, the laser diode, is of primary importance. Here, we present laser diodes which meet the requirements of the automotive industry.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"5663 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130472798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
LED rear combination lamps: styling, robustness, life, packaging, installation, and opportunities for intelligent signal lighting LED后组合灯:造型，坚固性，寿命，包装，安装和智能信号照明的机会
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.583161
S. Eberle, L. Livschitz, J. Raggio
{"title":"LED rear combination lamps: styling, robustness, life, packaging, installation, and opportunities for intelligent signal lighting","authors":"S. Eberle, L. Livschitz, J. Raggio","doi":"10.1117/12.583161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.583161","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry is rapidly increasing the adoption of LED technology in all vehicle lighting applications. In the near future, LED solutions are expected to capture significant market share for exterior signal lighting. This paper will investigate why LED signal lighting is important to automotive OEMs and consumers, and will exhibit how the latest product development from Lumileds Lighting can enable the ultimate RCL application: a single LED instead of a conventional light bulb.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115489755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opportunities and challenges for photonics in the automotive 汽车光子学的机遇与挑战
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.604352
E. Mounier, J. Eloy, David Jourdan
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for photonics in the automotive","authors":"E. Mounier, J. Eloy, David Jourdan","doi":"10.1117/12.604352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604352","url":null,"abstract":"In the future, photonics will enable the marketing of new functions in cars to make them more secure, more fuel-efficient with improved design. Today, there are already photonics devices used in cars such as HB LEDs for brake or interior lights, and optical rain sensors for automatic wipers. Moreover, optical multiplexing for multimedia applications and head-up displays are now starting to be implemented in high-end cars and some more complex devices are already at the prototyping level. This is the case for example for driver information flat panel displays or optical sensors for occupant sensing. This paper gives an overview of the current and future optical applications in cars. So far, applications of displays, lighting, security and datacom are driving the market for photonics in cars. Moreover, car design is also one of the most important market drivers in automobile. Then, photonics could also become a strategic imperative for a company in the design of new cars that will emphasize differentiation from existing competitors. Lighting could then become a signature of the car manufacturer thanks to photonics technology.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116150718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moulded infrared optics making night vision for cars within reach 成型的红外光学元件使汽车夜视近在咫尺
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.601470
A. Bourget, Y. Guimond, J. Franks, Marleen Van Den Bergh
{"title":"Moulded infrared optics making night vision for cars within reach","authors":"A. Bourget, Y. Guimond, J. Franks, Marleen Van Den Bergh","doi":"10.1117/12.601470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.601470","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable mobility is a major public concern, making increased safety one of the major challenges for the car of the future. About half of all serious traffic accidents occur at night, while only a minority of journeys is at night. Reduced visibility is one of the main reasons for these striking statistics and this explains the interest of the automobile industry in Enhanced Night Vision Systems. As an answer to the need for high volume, low cost optics for these applications, Umicore has developed GASIR. This material is transparent in the NEAR and FAR infrared, and is mouldable into high quality finished spherical, aspherical and diffractive lenses. Umicore's GASIR moulded lenses are an ideal solution for thermal imaging for cars (Night Vision) and for sensing systems like pedestrian detection, collision avoidance, occupation detection, intelligent airbag systems etc.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125779294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Solid state night vision systems 固态夜视系统
European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile Pub Date : 2005-02-16 DOI: 10.1117/12.583166
Jorg Moisel
{"title":"Solid state night vision systems","authors":"Jorg Moisel","doi":"10.1117/12.583166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.583166","url":null,"abstract":"The risk for a fatal traffic accident is 4 - 5 times higher at night compared to the day. Since 1998, night vision systems can help drivers to better recognize dangers at night. For active night vision systems, solid state sources for infrared headlights promise the technically best solution as they can be operated with wavelengths close to the maximum possible camera sensitivity. Both lasers and IRED arrays can be used. Whereas the laser is technically superior, IREDs offer a more economical system.","PeriodicalId":362599,"journal":{"name":"European Workshop on Photonics in the Automobile","volume":"1074 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122888020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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