Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Embryotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics, alone and conjugated with bisphenol A, in the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula: A multi-biomarker approach","authors":"Maria Concetta Eliso ,&nbsp;Barbara Billè ,&nbsp;Giuseppe De Marco ,&nbsp;Eloise Pulvirenti ,&nbsp;Federica Dal Bello ,&nbsp;Paola Rapisarda ,&nbsp;Patrícia Pereira ,&nbsp;Mariachiara Galati ,&nbsp;Gea Oliveri Conti ,&nbsp;Margherita Ferrante ,&nbsp;Patrizia Bovolin ,&nbsp;Maria Maisano ,&nbsp;Tiziana Cappello","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and endocrine-disrupting compounds as bisphenol A (BPA) poses risks to aquatic life. This study evaluates the effects of polystyrene (PS) MPs and BPA, individually and conjugated, on embryonic development of black sea urchin <em>Arbacia lixula</em>, an ecologically relevant bioindicator. Embryos were exposed to 1 and 5 µm PS MPs (10 µg/mL), BPA (5 and 25 µM), and BPA-sorbed PS MPs. A multi-endpoint approach was employed, integrating embryotoxicity assays, morphological evaluation, metabolomics, and enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Size-dependent accumulation of PS MPs was observed. BPA caused pronounced skeletal abnormalities and developmental arrest, whereas when adsorbed onto MPs exhibited mitigated toxicity, even with a higher internalization of particles. Metabolomics revealed significant alterations in neuromodulatory, energetic, and osmoregulatory pathways in all treatments. Similarly, enzymatic assays indicated redox imbalance and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity. While both PS MPs and BPA, alone and conjugated, induced impaired embryogenesis, no synergistic effect between the toxicants was observed, likely due to the low sorption capacity of BPA on PS MPs. The absence of a synergistic effect between PS MPs and BPA suggests that, under the tested acute exposure conditions, microplastics may modulate rather than exacerbate BPA toxicity. Nonetheless, their co-occurrence can influence exposure routes and developmental processes, with relevant ecological implications for marine invertebrate early life stages. Therefore, even weak and transient particle-pollutant interactions can modulate contaminant behaviour and toxicity, reinforcing the need to incorporate adsorption/desorption dynamics rather than mixture scenarios into environmental hazard assessments of emerging pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 140139"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, performance, and charge transfer insights into step-scheme zinc hydroxystannate/titanium dioxide heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene","authors":"Yongbiao Hua, Kumar Vikrant, Dae-Hwan Lim, Changqi Chen, Zhansheng Lu, Yan Lu, Ki-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140134","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a photocatalyst is crucial for the efficient photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of indoor air pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A highly effective strategy for enhancing photocatalytic activity is the construction of step (S)-scheme heterojunctions, which are engineered by coupling semiconductors such as n-type zinc hydroxystannate (ZnSn(OH)₆, ZS) with n-type titanium dioxide (TiO₂, T). The potential of the formed ZST photocatalyst is explored for the PCO of 1 ppm benzene under 1<!-- --> <!-- -->W ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. It achieves a clean air delivery rate of 1.71<!-- --> <!-- -->L<!-- --> <!-- -->min^-1 with a 10% removal efficiency rate of 21.9 µmol g^-1 h^-1 and a mass-normalized apparent quantum yield of 6.08 ×10^-4 molecule photon^-1 g^-1. The PCO activity of ZST is further assessed under several process variables. <em>In situ</em> DRIFTS analysis indicates that benzene mineralization proceeds through phenolate, acetate, maleate, and methylene reaction intermediates. Theoretical analyses (charge density difference and electron localization function) confirm an interfacial S-scheme electron transfer from ZnSn(OH)₆ to TiO₂. This mechanism effectively separates highly reactive carriers while promoting recombination of less active species for efficient benzene mineralization to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). These findings provide valuable insights for designing high-performance catalytic systems against robust aromatic hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deleterious effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane on intestinal health and metabolism in zebrafish model: During the transition from maternal nutrition to exogenous nutrition","authors":"Xianglin Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Qi ,&nbsp;Yindan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianghuan Hua ,&nbsp;Binbin Zhao ,&nbsp;Lihua Yang ,&nbsp;Jian Han ,&nbsp;Biran Zhu ,&nbsp;Bingsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), is acknowledged as a disruptor of metabolic processes in biological systems. However, the specific mechanisms by which DBDPE induces metabolic disorders remain unclear, particularly during critical developmental phases, such as the transition from maternal to exogenous nutrition. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to DBDPE at concentrations of 50–400 μg/L over a crucial 10-day period. Histopathological analysis revealed that exposure to DBDPE resulted in intestine structure alterations, leading to dysfunction and inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that DBDPE altered the gut microbiota composition, specifically affecting the numbers of bacterial genera like <em>Flavobacterium</em> and <em>Aeromonas</em>, which cause intestinal disease. In addition, a metabolomic investigation indicated changes in metabolites mainly functioning in purine metabolism, ABC transporter, and oxidative phosphorylation. Notably, MetOrigin analysis uncovered an intriguing connection between gut bacteria (e.g., <em>Aeromonas</em> and <em>Flavobacterium</em>) and metabolites (e.g., inosine and hypoxanthine) associated with the purine metabolism pathway. Biomarker analysis corroborated these results. Overall, these findings indicated that in zebrafish larvae transitioning from maternal to exogenous nutrition, the toxic effects of DBDPE might be related to its detrimental impact on intestinal health, thereby disrupting energy metabolism processes, particularly purine metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 140133"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial antagonism between goethite and ZnO nanoparticles modulates organic phosphorus fate in aquatic systems","authors":"Manman Cao ,&nbsp;Yuxin Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Safdar Bashir ,&nbsp;Shuai Ma ,&nbsp;Shuhu Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (hydr)oxides and phosphorus interactions critically influence aquatic biogeochemical cycles, yet the role of engineered nanoparticles in modulating these processes remains underexplored. This study systematically investigates how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and goethite (Gt) synergistically regulate the transformation of five representative organic phosphorus (OP) compounds—inositol hexaphosphate, nucleic acids, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid, adenosine triphosphate, and creatine phosphate. Gt alone exhibited limited OP degradation (14.7 %–39.2 % over 80 h). In contrast, co-treatment with ZnO NPs enhanced degradation efficiencies to 20.3 %–46.4 %, while sequential addition of ZnO NPs prior to Gt further increased mineralization to 37.1 %–75.6 %, highlighting the importance of treatment sequence. Mechanistically, photogenerated hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide (·O₂^¯) radicals drove OP transformation in ZnO NP systems. Surface and molecular characterizations (XPS, AFM, synchrotron-based XANES) confirmed that OPs formed bidentate inner-sphere complexes with Gt, which limited photoreactivity by attenuating light penetration. Sequential addition of ZnO NPs or Zn²⁺ substitution circumvented Gt–OP–Zn complex formation, significantly improving OP mineralization. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm modeling revealed Gt’s dominant role in OP sequestration via inner-sphere complexation, which inhibited radical access to surface-bound species. These findings underscore the antagonistic yet tunable interplay between Fe oxides and photocatalytic nanoparticles in regulating phosphorus fate, offering valuable mechanistic insights for the design of nanomaterial-enhanced strategies to mitigate OP-driven eutrophication in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 140129"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics modulate neutrophil migration via an ROShistone lactylation positive feedback loop","authors":"Yi-li Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-chen Yuan ,&nbsp;Chun-jiao Wei ,&nbsp;Ke-yun Li ,&nbsp;Lin-xi Zuo ,&nbsp;Hao-yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui-chen Ding ,&nbsp;Ren Zhou ,&nbsp;Yun-hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Da-long Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their significant toxic effects. Although previous studies have reported their impact on neutrophil function, the real-time visualization and regulatory mechanisms of MP-induced neutrophil migration in live organisms remain unexplored. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 100 μg/L MPs, resulting in a 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold increase in neutrophil migration to inflammatory sites at 3 h and 6 h, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis suggested the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histone lactylation in this process. Experimental validation confirmed that MPs significantly upregulated lactylation levels, with related genes (e.g., <em>ep300a</em>, <em>ep300b</em>, <em>ldha</em>) and proteins (Pan-Kla, H3K18la) increased by approximately 50 %. Concurrently, pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>il-6</em>, <em>il-8</em>, <em>il-1β</em>) were elevated by nearly 1-fold, ROS levels were raised by 1.4-fold, and oxidative stress-related genes (<em>sod2</em>, <em>gpx2</em>) were significantly upregulated. Inhibition of lactate production with 2DG or suppression of oxidative stress with Dpi restored neutrophil migration to near baseline levels. Mechanistically, lactylation-specific ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analyses revealed that H3K18la modification promotes <em>duox</em> expression, thereby enhancing ROS generation. ROS, in turn, further amplifies lactylation, establishing a positive feedback loop that collectively drives neutrophil migration. This study provides the first real-time visualization of MP-induced neutrophil migration in vivo and elucidates the underlying ROS-lactylation interaction mechanism, offering new insights and experimental evidence for understanding the immunotoxicity of MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 140113"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galactinol synthase 1, AtGolS1, affects arsenate tolerance by modulating phosphate homeostasis in sensitive ecotype Slavi-1 of Arabidopsis","authors":"Avriti Ranjan ,&nbsp;Swati Gautam ,&nbsp;Rahul Michael ,&nbsp;Prabodh Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arsenate [As(V)], an inorganic form of heavy metal Arsenic (As), severely affects plant growth and overall development. As(V) is structurally analogous to Phosphate (Pi) and its uptake is mediated through the plasma membrane localised Pi transporters in the root. As(V) uptake is enhanced in Pi-deficient conditions and causes severe oxidative damage at the cellular level. The Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs), including galactinol, function as osmoprotectants in plants in As(V) stress conditions, yet their precise role remains unclear. This study demonstrates that the rate-limiting enzyme of the RFO biosynthesis pathway, encoded by <em>AtGolS1</em>, a galactinol synthase gene, modulates As(V) stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Comparative analyses between As(V)-tolerant ecotype Col-0 and sensitive Slavi-1 revealed significantly higher <em>AtGolS1</em> expression in Col-0 under As(V) and Low Phosphate (Pi)+As(V) stress. Transgenic lines overexpressing <em>AtGolS1</em> in the Slavi-1 background exhibited enhanced root and shoot growth and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under As(V) stress, accompanied by elevated galactinol levels. Molecular analyses showed that <em>AtGolS1OX</em> lines downregulated high-affinity Pi transporters (<em>PHT1;1</em>, <em>PHT1;4</em>) and regulators such as <em>PHO1</em> and <em>PHF1</em>, likely restricting As(V) uptake via Pi transport pathways. Under As(V) stress, <em>AtGolS1OX</em> lines accumulated less Pi and As than Slavi-1. Detoxification genes <em>AtABCC1</em> and <em>AtABCC2</em> were more strongly expressed in <em>AtGolS1OX</em> lines than in Slavi-1, suggesting improved vacuolar sequestration of As. A single amino acid substitution in Slavi-1 <em>AtGolS1</em> did not alter its catalytic domain, implicating transcriptional regulation as the key difference. These results identify <em>AtGolS1</em> as a critical node linking galactinol metabolism to Pi transporter regulation, thereby mitigating As(V) toxicity in <em>Arabidopsis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 140114"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Micropollutant Mixtures and Macroinvertebrate Ecological Health Using AI-Based Toxicity Predictions","authors":"Ariane Moulinec, Fabian G. Weichert, Henner Hollert, Sarah Johann, Andrea Sundermann","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140137","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how micropollutant mixtures affect the ecological health of benthic macroinvertebrate communities by combining ecotoxicological predictions with macroinvertebrates and water chemistry data. Using the AI-based model TRIDENT, we predicted the toxicity (EC₁₀) of 559 micropollutants. Substances were grouped according to their EC₁₀ through a cluster analysis. The micropollutants’ effects on the ecological health, represented by the multimetric index, was evaluated in 207 sampling sites with beta regressions using two approaches to assess the toxic pressure. The first model considered the maximum toxic pressure of the entire water sample as the single explanatory variable. The second model incorporated the maximum toxic pressure of every cluster as separate explanatory variables, and translated better the effects of pollution on the multimetric index (pseudo R-squared = 0.28) compared to the other model (pseudo R-squared = 0.15). Additionally, we identified substances that drove the toxic pressure of our samples. Another beta regression showed that a large amount of the communities’ health (pseudo R-squared = 0.24) could be explained by four indicator substances alone. Our findings reveal that micropollutant contamination plays a key role in the degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and that summarizing a mixture of micropollutants to a single-substance metric underestimates this contribution.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic aging and plastisphere succession in mangrove sediments: Mechanisms, microbial interactions, and degradation potential","authors":"Yuanyuan Su ,&nbsp;Jun Lei ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Diao ,&nbsp;Licheng Peng ,&nbsp;Lianzheng Yin ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Qin ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique alternating aerobic-anaerobic conditions in mangrove sediments create hotspots for microplastic (MP) aging. We systematically investigated the aging characteristics of conventional MPs (CMPs: mPP and mPE) and biodegradable MPs (BMPs: mPLA and mPBAT) and spatiotemporal successions of plastisphere communities (in three mangrove regions over 1, 3, and 6 months). The results showed that MP aging increased with plastisphere succession, and aging severity followed the order: mPLA &gt; mPBAT &gt; mPP &gt; mPE. Crucially, BMPs exhibited higher risks of heavy metal leaching and secondary MP release. Geographic location was the primary driver of microbial community structure, followed by MP type and time. Network analysis revealed that alternating aerobic-anaerobic conditions promoted positive microbial correlations. CMP communities were more sensitive to organic carbon than BMPs. BMPs were more prone to be utilized as carbon sources by microbes, thereby accelerating their aging. Plastisphere microbiomes enriched potential MP-degrading taxa (e.g., <em>Alcanivorax</em>, <em>Ketobacter</em>, <em>Halomonas</em>, <em>Desulfovibrio</em>, <em>Desulfobulbus</em>) and displayed higher hydrocarbon degradation potential than sediments. Potential MP-degrading taxa resembled hydrocarbon degraders. Anaerobic MP-degraders correlated more strongly with aging indicators than aerobic MP-degraders, particularly on BMPs. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) showed that biotic factors were positively correlated with MP aging. MP aging was jointly controlled by biotic and abiotic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"499 ","pages":"Article 140120"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory benefits of reducing indoor particulate matter depend on immune improvements: Insights into individual heterogeneity from a randomized, double-blind crossover trial","authors":"Aojing Han, Wenlou Zhang, Luyi Li, Di Yang, Yetong Zhao, Qisijing Liu, Wanzhou Wang, Shan Liu, Xuezhao Ji, Xiaoming Shi, Jing Huang, Shaowei Wu, Tong Zhu, Xinbiao Guo, Furong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140124","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor air pollution and health have emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern globally. However, individual heterogeneity in immune response to indoor particulate matter (PM) reduction and its role in cardiorespiratory benefits remain unclear. This randomized, double-blind crossover trial was performed among 80 healthy college students in Beijing, China, including two 4-day indoor air purification sessions (real and sham), separated by a 16-day washout period. Real-time indoor PM levels were monitored. Nasal mucosal lining fluid was collected one day before cardiorespiratory assessments and fasting blood collection to detect immune molecules. Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate intervention effects. We found reducing indoor PM significantly improved nasal and systemic immunity, but not overall cardiorespiratory function. Further individual-level analysis revealed heterogeneous changes in immune and cardiorespiratory indicators. Specifically, respiratory benefits occurred in individuals with greater nasal immunity improvements, while cardiovascular benefits primarily depended on improvements in systemic immunity. Both respiratory and cardiovascular benefits were observed in individuals with improvements in both nasal and systemic immunity. Notably, even when indoor PM concentrations were below WHO air quality guidelines, further reducing PM exposure still yielded immune improvements. These findings support precision interventions in indoor PM pollution tailored to individual immune sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of inorganic nitrogen significantly increases the real and apparent priming effects of polyethylene and PHBV microplastics in soil","authors":"Robert W. Brown, Perrine J. Florent, Martine Graf, Sion Kennaway, Benjamin I. Collins, David R. Chadwick, Davey L. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140125","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic mulch films (PMFs) enhance crop productivity but degrade into microplastics, raising concerns about their effects on soil health. This study compared the effect of conventional polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microplastics on soil organic matter (SOM) turnover through real (native SOM) and apparent (microbial biomass) priming effects. Using ¹⁴C-labelled assays, we assessed three microplastic loading rates (10, 100, 1000<!-- --> <!-- -->kg<!-- --> <!-- -->ha^-1) with addition of nitrogen (N) (80<!-- --> <!-- -->kg<!-- --> <!-- -->N ha^-1), and without. Comparing responses to inert sand and organic residues (clover, straw). Nitrogen addition significantly enhanced real priming in all treatments. PHBV caused dose-dependent (although non-significant) positive priming, greater than equivalent straw or clover loading. Generally, apparent priming was negative without N but positive with N, suggesting microbial responses depend on substrate stoichiometry and accessibility. Microbial (16S rRNA and ITS2) sequencing showed that N addition mainly drove bacterial community changes, while PHBV uniquely altered fungal communities, increasing <em>Ascomycota</em> dominance in a dose-dependent manner. PE behaved similarly to inert sand, indicating minimal impact on SOM turnover. While biodegradable plastics reduce conventional microplastic accumulation, PHBV may enhance SOM loss via priming (with no direct analogue found in this study), with potential long-term consequences for soil carbon stocks. These findings emphasise the importance of evaluating biodegradable plastics within broader soil nutrient and carbon cycling frameworks.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}