Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Chlorinated Paraffins in Plasma of Healthy Elderly Adults: Method Development, Temporal Variability, and Exposure Determinants","authors":"Ke Fang, Xiaojie Guo, Runming He, Yibin Sun, Yixuan Huang, Hongyang Cui, Yifu Lu, Wen Gu, Chao Wang, Yi Wan, Song Tang, Xiaoming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139065","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants widely applied in industrial processes, raising significant concerns regarding human internal exposure through environmental and dietary pathways. Currently, there is a lack of effective and cost-efficient methods for extracting CPs from large-scale human biomonitoring samples, and short-term variations in human internal exposure remain insufficiently characterized, particularly among the vulnerable elderly population. Here a novel, rapid, and highly efficient pretreatment method was developed to simultaneously quantify CPs of varying carbon chain lengths in minimized volumes of human plasma. This method significantly reduced the required sample volume and streamlined operational steps. It also minimized matrix effects while maintaining high accuracy and precision, enabling the simultaneous extraction of 13 very-short-chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs), 24 short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), 34 medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), and 35 long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) from limited plasma samples (50<!-- --> <!-- -->μL). The method detection limits (MDLs) and method quantification limits (MQLs) ranged from 0.02 to 1.80<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL and 0.06 to 7.21<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL, respectively. Using this method, we assessed temporal variability in internal CP exposure across 315 plasma samples collected over 5 consecutive months from 76 healthy elderly individuals (aged 60 to 69) in Jinan, China. The detection frequencies were highest for SCCPs (98.73%) and vSCCPs (90.48%), followed by MCCPs (31.75%) and LCCPs (16.83%). Mean plasma concentrations were 6.12<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL for SCCPs, 0.91<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL for vSCCPs, 0.33<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL for MCCPs, and 0.04<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL for LCCPs, with a declining trend observed for vSCCPs and SCCPs over time. Correlation analysis and linear mixed-effects models (LMM) suggested that diet was the primary exposure pathway for CPs, with indoor hygiene practices also showing associations. This study provides a significant methodological advancement for biomonitoring CPs exposures, offering a powerful tool for characterizing exposure dynamics and providing a groundwork for mitigating health risks associated with these persistent pollutants globally.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Volatile Methylsiloxanes Degradation through Designed Enzyme Local Electric Field","authors":"Mingna Zheng, Yanwei Li, Jinfeng Chen, Weixin Zhang, Qingzhu Zhang, Wenxing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139066","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread application of man-made chemicals volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) has caused a variety of environmental and health issues. Enzymatic degradation of VMS can be a promising eco-friendly solution. Recent advances in the directed evolution of cytochrome P450_BM3 have shown significant potential for VMS degradation. However, the current catalytic efficiency remains insufficient for industrial application. Here, taking the <em>L</em>SilOx4 mutant-catalyzed degradation of hexamethyldisiloxane as an example, we decipher the enzymatic degradation mechanism with advanced multiscale simulations. The successful degradation of VMS involves three main processes, with the rate-determining step corresponding to hydrogen atom transfer in the enzyme-catalyzed C-H hydroxylation process, which holds an average energy barrier of 17.7<!-- --> <!-- -->kcal·mol^-1. Our findings demonstrate that the progressive evolution of the internal electric field (IEF) aligns with the experimentally observed increase in activity from wild-type P450_BM3 to engineered variants (e.g. <em>L</em>SilOx4). This correlation is further evidenced by comparisons with results from oriented external electric field (EEF) calculations. Notably, the catalytic effect of the oriented EEFs is preferentially achieved through stronger stabilization of the transition state compared to the reactant. We anticipate that our insights will pave a way for the rational design of enzymes through the evolution of their internal electric field.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"653 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline biomonitoring of microplastic pollution in freshwater fish from the Chishui River, China: Insights into accumulation patterns and influencing factors","authors":"Chuang Zhou, Miling Ran, Zhongyi Wang, Mian Li, Xiaodong Wang, Chenhao Zhang, Zhaobin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139055","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been growing concern about microplastic pollution in aquatic environments worldwide owing to the possible threat to fish health and river ecosystem. Fish are important indicator organisms in rivers, and their microplastic contamination reflects the plastic pollution status of the river. In this study, we conducted the first biomonitoring of microplastic contamination in freshwater fishes from the Chishui River (primary tributary of the Yangtze River), analyzed microplastic abundance, shape, size, and polymer types in gills and intestinal contents of 31 fish species using laser direct infrared imaging spectrometer (LDIR). The main findings were: (1) A total of 32 types of polymers were identified in the fish, exceeding those detected in environmental compartments (16 in water and 10 in sediment). Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) was identified as the predominant type of microplastic polymer across water, sediment and fish; (2) Microplastic abundance in the 31 fish species ranged from 22.5 to 940 items/g (mean 246.42 items/g) in gills and from 8.5 to 968.75 items/g (mean 231.73 items/g) in intestinal contents. The fish in Siluriformes represented significantly higher intestinal microplastic abundance (382.38 ± 334.44 items/g) than that in Cypriniformes (185.96 ± 167.10 items/g) (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, benthic fish represented significantly higher microplastic abundance in intestinal contents (391.50 ± 299.82 items/g) than pelagic fish (155.65 ± 107.93 items/g) (p &lt; 0.05); (3) The abundance of smaller particles was consistently identified significantly higher than that of larger particles in water, sediment, and fish. Three shapes (fragment, pellet and fiber) of microplastics were detected in fish while only fragment and pellet were found in water and sediment; (4) The polymer hazard index (PHI) assessed based on the polymer-specific risk index were much varied ranging from 275.40 (<em>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</em>) to 8382.32 (<em>Acrossocheilus yunnanensis</em>) in total suggesting the hazard risk level from III to V. The microplastics are hazardous substances, uptake of which could cause physical damage and chemical toxicity, threatening fish health. Thus the present study would establish the first evidence of microplastic contamination in fish from the Chishui River, providing critical baseline data for developing targeted mitigation strategies in the future.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the impact of sulfur species in the FeSx layer on thallium (I) removal by sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron","authors":"Congcong Chen, Bohong Zhu, Nuo Li, Peizhe Dong, Kun Zhu, Weicheng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139017","url":null,"abstract":"Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic pollutant to mammals, and its removal from industrial wastewater has emerged as a critical environmental challenge. Although sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is widely regarded as an effective adsorbent for heavy metals, its effectiveness in removing Tl(I) from wastewater remains unclear. In this work, four S-nZVI samples were synthesized using different post-sulfidation methods, and their Tl(I) removal performances were evaluated and compared. The results showed that S⁰@nZVI exhibited a significantly higher Tl(I) removal efficiency (98% within 180<!-- --> <!-- -->min) than other S-nZVI samples (9-15%). Combining empirical model analyses (adsorption kinetics and isotherms), characterizations (TEM, XRD, Raman, and XPS), and control experiments, we identified that the exceptional Tl(I) removal performance of S⁰@nZVI was attributed to its unique micro-galvanic cell effect. Furthermore, the effects of preparation conditions, adsorbent dosage, reaction temperature, solution pH, and long-term stability on Tl(I) removal by S⁰@nZVI were systematically investigated. This work offers valuable insights for the design of high-performance S-nZVI for Tl(I) removal.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"629 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure Makes Diamonds: Enhanced Permeation Resistance to Petroleum Hydrocarbons of a Novel In-Situ Mixed Wall Material","authors":"Zhe-Yuan Jiang, Xian-Lei Fu, Yu-Ling Yang, Wei-Yi Xia, Min Wang, Heng Zhuang, Zi-Han Lu, Yan-Jun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139011","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum hydrocarbons pose severe environmental hazards, forming source zones in soil and groundwater with varying petroleum hydrocarbons-to-soil ratios (1.0-8.1%), necessitating innovative containment. To mitigate the flow of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated groundwater, an in-situ mixed amended sand-bentonite (SB) wall material, composed of contaminated sand with different diesel-to-soil ratios and styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS)-amended bentonite, was proposed. Free swell test results revealed that the free swell index change (<em>FSIC</em>) of amended bentonite in diesel gradually increased until it stabilized after 14 days, with an accelerated increase on the 4th day. Hydraulic conductivity test findings indicated that the hydraulic conductivity of amended wall specimens permeated with diesel (<em>k</em>_diesel) exhibited a three-stage variation trend: gradual increase, gradual decrease, and stabilization. The peak <em>k</em>_diesel at the transition decreased with increasing diesel-to-sand ratio. The final <em>k</em>_diesel remained as low as 2.5×10^-11-5.4×10^{-11<!-- -->}m/s. Microscopic analyses demonstrated that the pores of amended specimens after permeating with diesel were effectively plugged by SEBS gel. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses indicated reduced macropore volumetric percentages (41-53% versus 63-73% in unamended specimens). The SEBS’s kinetic swelling behavior is essential to the <em>k</em>_diesel of amended specimens, and this unique swelling could mask the diesel-induced compression on the diffuse double layer of bentonite particles.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular Transmission Network and Reverse Contribution Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecosystem","authors":"Qingshan Fan, Jie Bai, Ting Jiao, Zelong Zhao, Fujiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139054","url":null,"abstract":"The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses a major global public health challenge, yet transmission mechanisms within extreme ecosystems are poorly understood. Using metagenomics and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis, we investigated ARG composition, risk, and pathways across a complete Qinghai-Tibet Plateau food chain (soil, earthworm, herbage, yak, pika, snowfinch, herdsman). Contrary to conventional theory, ARG assemblages correlated negatively with microbial diversity. Our MAG-centric approach provided direct evidence that Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT), including striking bacteria-archaea cross-domain transfer of 18 ARGs, predominates ARG dissemination, with specialized ‘ARG reservoir’ host phyla (e.g., Pseudomonadota) decoupling ARG functional diversity from overall microbial community structure. Earthworms function as ‘ARG bioamplifiers’, enriching 79.81% of soil ARGs and contributing 49.43% to herbage. Crucially, apex consumers (snowfinches, herdsmen) are not merely recipients; their feces drive a significant ‘reverse contribution’ of high-risk ARGs back into the ecosystem, establishing a complete circular ARG feedback network. Herdsman feces contained all Rank I-IV high-risk ARGs, while snowfinch feces held Rank II/IV, highlighting human activities’ impact on escalating ARG risks in this extreme setting. These findings, particularly the novel HGT mechanisms and host specialization insights, challenge the traditional unidirectional transmission model, presenting a new paradigm for managing antibiotic resistance risks in extreme ecosystems within the One Health framework.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Polylactic Acid (PLA) fiber safety using underwear paddings as a model via nontargeted screening and toxicological risk scoring","authors":"Yunhe Teng, Yinzheng Yang, Xin Zhang, Wei Zhou, Zhihui Duan, Aiqian Zhang, Guangbo Qu, Xue-Chao Song, Jianjie Fu, Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139046","url":null,"abstract":"Polylactic acid (PLA) fabrics made from PLA fibers are increasingly being promoted. However, the potential health risks of wearing PLA fabrics remain under explored. This study simulates the washing and drying cycles of underwear with PLA paddings and investigates the leaching of chemical additives in artificial sweat, with the aim of evaluating the exposure concentration levels of various additives in PLA fabrics during wear, subjected to different degrees of mechanical stress. Through nontargeted analysis, 70 chemicals were identified. The Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi) was employed to score and rank the toxicity of these chemicals, parameters associated with skin stimulation were highlighted. Fourteen chemicals with higher toxicity scores and two phthalate esters (PAEs) as representatives of endocrine disrupting chemicals, were selected for quantitative analysis of leachates. The results indicated the presence of significant quantities of these chemicals in all samples, with total amounts ranging from 40.0 to 120<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/g. The five chemicals with the highest leaching amounts—trifluoroacetic acid, tri-n-butyl phosphate, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid—showed maximum leaching amounts of 51.2<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/g, 49.6<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/g, 26.1<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/g, 16.7<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/g, and 12.6<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/g, respectively. Furthermore, considerable differences in exudation patterns were observed among the various chemicals. According to health risk assessment conducted by ToxPi, several chemicals have high toxicity weighted concentrations, suggesting the potential health risk of PLA fabrics. This study found that PLA fibers contain various toxic additives, and as the human body comes into more contact with PLA fibers, the exposure levels of these chemicals may pose health hazards and calls for a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and health risks associated with PLA fiber products.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Coordinated Cu-Ni Edge Sites in Bimetallic Aerogels for Boosting Electrochemical Nitrate-to-Ammonia Conversion","authors":"Jiao Shen, Zhun You, Senhao Wang, Yuan Wang, Ying Liang, Shaojun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139051","url":null,"abstract":"Cu-based electrocatalysts hold significant potential for ammonia (NH₃) production through the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃⁻-RR). Optimizing the adsorption of intermediates by tailoring the electronic structure is crucial for enhancing NO₃⁻-RR performance. In this study, we developed small-sized Cu–Ni bimetallic aerogels (Cu–Ni MAs) featuring abundant unsaturated active edge sites to serve as efficient catalysts for NO₃⁻-RR. Compared to Cu-Ni nanoparticles (NPs), these Cu-Ni MAs demonstrated superior intrinsic activity. In a 0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->M Na₂SO₄ solution containing 0.01<!-- --> <!-- -->M NaNO₃, the optimized Cu-Ni 3:1 MAs achieved a NH₄⁺ yield of 3.30<!-- --> <!-- -->mg<!-- --> <!-- -->h⁻¹ mg_cat⁻¹ with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80.1% at −0.4<!-- --> <!-- -->V (vs. RHE), while maintaining a low NO₂⁻ byproduct yield of 0.69<!-- --> <!-- -->mg<!-- --> <!-- -->h⁻¹mg_cat⁻¹. Furthermore, the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA)-normalized NH₄⁺ yield of the Cu-Ni MAs was twice that of Cu-Ni NPs. Isotopic labeling experiments with ¹⁵N confirmed that the produced ammonia originated from nitrate. DFT calculations revealed that the Cu-Ni edge sites possessed modified electronic properties, characterized by an elevated <em>d</em>-band center and reduced work function. These edge sites exhibited enhanced adsorption of *NO₃ and *NO₂ intermediates and greater electron availability, contributing to the improved catalytic performance.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of the Arecoline Catabolism by Arthrobacter sp. Strain NyZ413","authors":"Kun-Qi Xiang, Chao-Fan Yin, Yichao Gu, Ning-Yi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139001","url":null,"abstract":"Arecoline, the main active ingredient in the widely consumed addictive substance areca nut, is known for its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. It would be helpful to know whether environmental microbes can degrade the toxic arecoline. Here, an arecoline degrader <em>Arthrobacter</em> sp. strain NyZ413 was isolated and characterized from areca palm soil, utilizing arecoline as its sole carbon source for growth. Strain NyZ413 exhibited a robust growth even at high 20<!-- --> <!-- -->mM arecoline, and optimally degraded 1<!-- --> <!-- -->mM arecoline at 30°C. High performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicated that acecainide and guvacine were intermediates derived from arecoline degradation by strain NyZ413. Degradation of arecoline and arecaidine by strain NyZ413 was shown to be inducible, whereas guvacine degradation was constitutive. The genome of strain NyZ413 consists of a 4.4 Mbp chromosome and a 246 Kbp mega-plasmid. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses proposed that the gene cluster A involved in arecoline degradation was located on the mega-plasmid. In addition, detoxification experiments showed that biodegradation by strain NyZ413 completely eliminated the embryotoxic effects of arecoline on zebrafish, confirming its high biosafety and potential for bioremediation in arecoline-contaminated environments. This study fills the gap in our understanding of microbial degradation of arecoline and also provides a bacterial resource for bioremediation of arecoline-polluted sites.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transplacental Transfer of p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants: Insights from Human Gestational Exposure and an Optimized BeWo Cell Monolayer Model","authors":"Junxu Li, Fangfang Ren, Linping Cao, Hangbiao Jin, Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139004","url":null,"abstract":"<em>p</em>-Phenylenediamine antioxidants (PPDs) have recently garnered significant attention due to their potential human toxicity. There is still a lack of research investigating their fetal exposure patterns and transplacental transfer behaviors during pregnancy. This study analyzed nine PPDs in 148 paired samples of maternal plasma, cord plasma, and placenta from China, and investigated the transcellular transfer dynamics of six PPDs using an optimized BeWo cell monolayer model. <em>N</em>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>’-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (6PPD), <em>N</em>, <em>N</em>’-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (77PD), and <em>N</em>-isopropyl-<em>N</em>’-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (IPPD) were always the most abundant PPDs in maternal (detection frequencies 63−76%, mean 0.055−0.26<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL) and cord plasma (58−80%, mean 0.029−0.15<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL), as well as the placental tissue (66−81%, mean 0.072−0.34<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g ww). Mean transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) values of PPDs followed the decreasing order of <em>N</em>, <em>N</em>’-di-sec-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (44PD; 0.89 ± 0.21) &gt; IPPD (0.79 ± 0.20) &gt; <em>N</em>, <em>N</em>’-diphenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (DPPD; 0.74 ± 0.17) &gt; <em>N</em>-phenyl-<em>N</em>’-cyclohexyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (CPPD; 0.65 ± 0.16). The highest mean placental retention extent value was observed for CPPD (3.1 ± 0.44), followed by 44PD (2.3 ± 0.15) and 77PD (1.8 ± 0.40). Results from the TTE analysis and the optimized BeWo model suggest that passive diffusion and active transport mechanisms, influenced by physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity, govern the transplacental transfer of PPDs. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of intrauterine exposure to PPDs and the mechanisms of maternal-fetal chemical exchange.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}