Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Interactions for exposure to fine particulate matter and multiple time-period cold spells on influenza: A multi-center case-crossover study","authors":"Shouxin Peng ,&nbsp;Bin Fang ,&nbsp;Siyu Gan ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Tan ,&nbsp;Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Li ,&nbsp;Xinlan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiahui Tong ,&nbsp;Zhongyang Chen ,&nbsp;Bingbing Chen ,&nbsp;Feifei Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing twin threats of climate change and air pollution, cumulating evidence has revealed that environmental exposure might promote influenza epidemic. However, it remains unclear whether the combination of air pollution and cold spells (CS) synergistically trigger influenza. Through a case-crossover study, we included 13,972 laboratory-diagnosed influenza patients in Hubei province, China, during 2011–2018. We then constructed the conditional logistic regression model to assess the adverse impact of overall-, daytime-, and nighttime-CS exposure, as well as PM_2.5 pollution, on influenza, and further calculated their additive-scale interactions. Our results indicated that both PM_2.5 and CS were associated with influenza. For an interquartile range increment of PM_2.5 was associated with 8 % [odds ratio = 1.08, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.12] increased risk of influenza. The estimated risks of overall-, daytime-, and nighttime-CS exposure on influenza were 1.18 (95 %CI: 1.12–1.23), 1.16 (95 %CI: 1.08–1.25), and 1.28 (95 %CI: 1.19–1.38), respectively. Calculated population attributable fractions were ranged from 1.13 % to 4.42 %. Significant synergetic effects on influenza were observed for co-exposure to PM_2.5, CS, indicated by relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.23 (overall-CS) and 0.26 (nighttime-CS). Exposure to both PM_2.5 and CS, especially nighttime-CS, were associated with influenza, and PM_2.5 and CS could interact synergistically trigger influenza epidemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138470"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of zeolite framework composition on the fast NH3-SCR performance of hydrothermally aged iron zeolites","authors":"Xuechao Tan ,&nbsp;German Sastre ,&nbsp;Suk Bong Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we report that iron-exchanged borosilicate and gallosilicate beta zeolites when hydrothermally aged at high temperatures show a notable increase (ca. 30 and 45 %, respectively) in NO_<em>x</em> conversion under fast SCR conditions at 150 °C. We also found that their lowest hydrothermal aging temperatures leading to such a conversion increase are higher by 50 °C and lower by 100 °C than the temperature (650 °C) of iron-exchanged aluminosilicate beta, respectively, indicating a strong influence of zeolite framework composition on the low-temperature fast NH₃-SCR activity of zeolite-supported iron catalysts. Combined experimental and theoretical characterizations provide indirect but convincing evidence for the formation of neutral heteronuclear bis-μ-oxo ironboron or irongallium dimers in the hydrothermally aged catalysts, which can effectively catalyze the reduction of ammonium nitrate, an intermediate of the NH₃-SCR reaction with a decomposition temperature of ca. 180 °C, by NO at 150 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138487"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined remediation effect of ryegrass-earthworm on heavy metal composite contaminated soil","authors":"Xin Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Chen ,&nbsp;Tony Vancov ,&nbsp;Fengxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Weijing Zhu ,&nbsp;Leidong Hong ,&nbsp;Yanlai Yao ,&nbsp;Penghao Li ,&nbsp;Weiping Wang ,&nbsp;Chunlai Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combining plants and soil organisms offers an effective strategy for managing heavy metal contamination. A pot experiment was conducted by using ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne L.</em>) and earthworms (<em>Eisenia fetida</em>) under five levels of heavy metal contamination, applied individually and in combination. After 80 days, plant and earthworm growth, heavy metal accumulation, and residual soil metal concentrations were analysed to assess the potential of ryegrass-earthworm for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The results indicated that the combined treatment significantly enhanced ryegrass and earthworm growth, increasing both the density and biomass yield of ryegrass and earthworms compared to the individual treatments. This approach also improved heavy metal accumulation, achieving the maximum decreases Cd, Pb, and Cu in soil of 38 %, 42 %, and 34 %, respectively. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed mutual growth promotion between ryegrass and earthworms, though competition for heavy metal accumulation was noted. The combined treatment achieved the highest subordinate function value (0.50), outperforming ryegrass alone (0.48) and earthworms alone (0.43). These findings highlight the superior effectiveness of the combined ryegrass-earthworm strategy, particularly at higher heavy metal concentrations, making it a promising strategy for remediating contaminated soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138477"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable reconstruction of metal-organic frameworks for advanced electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics: Key role of structural defects and pollutant properties","authors":"Jiancheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhonglong Yin ,&nbsp;Mingruo Wang ,&nbsp;Yilin Fan ,&nbsp;Feilong Li ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Weiben Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) catalysts are appealing for removing emerging contaminants, they are significantly restricted by the activity-stability trade-off effect. This study develops a facile and sustainable strategy to realize the synchronous promotion of stability and activity by utilizing the metastable property of UiO-66 with optimal defect concentration to in-situ reconstruct into more stable and active ZrOOH@UiO-66 heterojunction under working conditions. The crucial role of structural defects and pollutant properties in controlling MOFs reconstruction was unveiled by tracking dynamic structure evolution during electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. The mechanism is the selective oxidation of exposed metal active sites on defective UiO-66 during electrocatalysis, forming well-dispersed ZrOOH with rich oxygen vacancies that protected MOFs and reduced activation energy for •OH and •O₂^– radicals generation. Additionally, lower ionization potential and stronger adsorption of antibiotics restricted reconstruction of defective UiO-66 by inhibiting electron transfer and occupying reconstruction site. Besides, the reconstructed UiO-66 electrocatalytic membrane presented high stability, removing approximately 90 % of tetracycline with efficient self-cleaning and low energy consumption (0.4 mW•h/m³) in surface water remediation over 200 h. This strategy is also feasible for other carboxylate-based MOFs, which provides the guidance for MOFs-based catalysts in emerging contaminants removal from complex water matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138456"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of mixed benzene site exposure on bioaccessibility in simulated lung fluids and health risk assessment","authors":"Xuemin Ma ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhe Chen ,&nbsp;Changyong Wu ,&nbsp;Weipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzene series (BTEX) are predominant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in petroleum production and downstream industrial sites, primarily enter human lungs via inhalation, posing significant health risks. To address the critical limitation of existing risk assessments that focus solely on individual components, this study investigated benzene and ethylbenzene based on contamination characteristics of petroleum refineries in Northwest China. An innovative in vitro membrane oxygenator system was developed to simulate single and mixed exposure scenarios at three soil concentrations: low (5 mg/kg), medium (10 mg/kg), and high (20 mg/kg), respectively. Health risk indices including inhalation risk (Inh), hazard quotient (HQ), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were calculated using bioaccessibility–adjusted parameters to precisely compare risk variations across exposure modes. Results demonstrated significant synergistic effects in gas-liquid mass transfer kinetics under mixed exposure (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), the simulated lung fluid bioaccessibility of benzene and ethylbenzene was also significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), likely due to their intermolecular cosolvency. Risk assessment results indicated that Inh, HQ, and LCR indices in mixed exposure were significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than in single exposure, with a concentration–dependent contribution to health risks. At low concentrations, benzene’s health risk indices increased by 185 %–284 %, while ethylbenzene’s increased by approximately 63 %–68 %, indicating a synergistic effect in mixed exposure scenarios. This study offers a new methodological basis for health risk assessment of BTEX mixed exposure at petrochemical sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138466"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation mechanisms of isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDP) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phenyl phosphate (BEHPP) using a novel microbially-enriched culture","authors":"Yuanyuan Yu ,&nbsp;Wantang Huang ,&nbsp;Shaoyu Tang ,&nbsp;Ying Xiang ,&nbsp;Lizhu Yuan ,&nbsp;Hua Yin ,&nbsp;Zhi Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) pose significant environmental concerns due to their widespread presence, potential toxicity, and persistence. This study investigated the degradation of the isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDP) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phenyl phosphate (BEHPP) using a novel enrichment culture, which could degrade 85.4 % and 78.2 % of 1 mg/L IDDP and BEHPP after 192 h and 172 h, respectively, under extremely low bacterial dosage (the initial OD_600 nm ₌ 0.0075, biomass was approximately 1 mg/L). The identification of intermediate products suggested that the degradation reactions likely included hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, carboxylation, and glycosylation. Metagenomic analysis highlighted the crucial role of enzymes in degrading IDDP and BEHPP, including phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, cytochrome P450, and hydroxylase. Pure strains <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> ZY1, <em>Sphingopyxis terrae</em> ZY2, and <em>Amycolatopsis</em> ZY3 were isolated, and their efficient individual degradation abilities were confirmed. These efficiencies were lower compared to the enrichment culture, emphasizing the importance of microbial interactions for effective degradation. The pathways identified for these strains illustrated their involvement in different degradation steps, reinforcing the synergy between different degraders. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the interactions between alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and hydroxylase with OPEs. These enzymes demonstrated a strong binding capacity with both BEHPP and IDDP, exhibiting distinct binding site preferences that may contribute to varied metabolic pathways. These findings comprehensively reveal the transformation mechanisms of OPEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138453"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel carbonylomics with stable isotope-coded derivatization for non-targeted analysis of reactive carbonyl species in cooking oils","authors":"Chiung-Wen Hu ,&nbsp;Yuan-Jhe Chang ,&nbsp;Yi-Jhen Wang ,&nbsp;Yet-Ran Chen ,&nbsp;Marcus S. Cooke ,&nbsp;Mu-Rong Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive carbonyl species (RCS), both carcinogenic and widespread in the environment, disrupt cell function through biomolecular modifications. However, to date, the study of RCS has largely been via targeted analysis. Herein, we introduce a novel carbonylomics workflow integrating liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with stable isotope-coded derivatization (SICD) using <em>d</em>_<em>0</em>- and <em>d</em>_<em>3</em>-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to perform the non-targeted analysis of RCS in cooking oils. Our method enables comprehensive detection of RCS, entirely relying on examining four characteristic features of RCS-DNPH derivatives with well-defined instrument settings, while SICD enhances specificity by reducing false positives. Applying this workflow to soybean oil (SBO) and palm oil (PO) before and after heating identified numerous known and unknown RCS, with SBO exhibiting a greater variety in RCS (increasing from 23 to 129 ions vs. 18–75 ions for PO) and up to ∼11-fold greater peak intensities for shared RCS, indicating higher susceptibility to thermal oxidation. Among them, trans,trans-2,4-undecadienal and 2,3-octanedione were, for the first time, exclusively identified in oxidized SBO. Additionally, the approach was successfully applied to human urine, demonstrating broader applicability to biological matrices. Given the widespread presence of RCS, originating from environmental and endogenous sources, these findings highlight the utility of carbonylomics in elucidating RCS formation and identifying unknown toxicants, providing a critical tool for investigating food safety and other public health concerns related to RCS exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138435"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven optical microfiltration device for improved nanoplastic sampling and detection in water systems","authors":"Liyuan Gong ,&nbsp;Bryan Varela ,&nbsp;Erfan Eskandari ,&nbsp;Juan Zubieta Lombana ,&nbsp;Payel Biswas ,&nbsp;Luyao Ma ,&nbsp;Irene Andreu ,&nbsp;Yang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising presence of nanoplastics in water poses toxicity risks and long-term ecological and health impacts. Detecting nanoplastics remains challenging due to their small size, complex chemistry, and environmental interference. Traditional filtration combined with Raman spectroscopy is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often lacks accuracy and sensitivity. This study presents an agarose-based microfiltration device integrated with machine learning–assisted Raman analysis for nanoplastic capture and identification. The 1 % agarose microfluidic channel features circular micropost arrays enabling dual filtration: nanoplastics diffuse into the porous matrix, while larger particles (&gt;1000 nm) are blocked by the microposts. Unlike conventional systems, this design achieves both physical separation and preconcentration, enhancing nanoplastic detectability. Upon dehydration, the agarose forms a transparent film, significantly improving Raman compatibility by minimizing background interference. This transformation enables direct Raman analysis of retained nanoparticles with enhanced signal clarity and sensitivity. Using 100-nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) as a model, we evaluated device performance in distilled water and seawater across concentrations (6.25–50 µg/mL) and flow rates (2.5–100 µL/min). Maximum capture efficiencies of 80 % (seawater) and 66 % (distilled water) were achieved at 2.5 µL/min. A convolutional neural network (CNN) further enhanced spectral analysis, reducing mapping time by 50 % and enabling PSNP detection in seawater at 6.25 µg/mL. This agarose-based system offers a scalable, cost-effective platform for nanoplastic sampling, demonstrating the potential of combining microfluidics with machine learning–assisted Raman spectroscopy to address critical environmental and public health challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138472"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release of microplastics during dental procedures and denture wear: Impact on dental personnel and patients","authors":"Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Chen ,&nbsp;Jingyao Guo ,&nbsp;Minhui Yao ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Jieshu Qian ,&nbsp;Qian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic products are widely used in modern dentistry, including dental instruments and resin-based materials. In recent years, microplastics (MPs) that are generated from plastic products have been demonstrated to pose negative impacts on human health. However, the possible exposure of MP during dental procedures has been rarely explored. This study aims to assess the MP exposure faced by both dental personnel and patients via simulating the wear and cleaning procedures of dentures, as well as the grinding of resin-based materials under clinical settings. Additionally, environmental samples of the dental clinic were collected to determine the types and concentrations of MP settlement. The biological toxicity of the particles has also been evaluated. Results showed that denture releases MP particles into artificial saliva during soaking and cleaning processes. During the grinding of resin-based materials, MP could be detected in settlements with decreased concentration as the increase of distance from 25 cm to 100 cm. A substantial accumulation of particles was observed in the clinic within a single day. Grinding-generated MPs exhibited biological toxicity toward oral keratinocyte cells and triggered inflammation in macrophages at concentrations that could be encountered in clinical exposure. This study confirms the presence of MP exposure during dental procedures, providing valuable insights for the development of improved management regulations and pollution control measures in dental practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 138463"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 Induced Heterogeneous Inflammatory Responses and Modifying Effects of Smoking: A Prospective Panel Study in COPD Patients","authors":"Wenlou Zhang, Baiqi Chen, Chen Zhao, Di Yang, Masayuki Shima, Weiwei Fan, Yoshiko Yoda, Shurun Li, Chenxia Guo, Yahong Chen, Xinbiao Guo, Furong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138471","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution and smoking are major contributors to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), primarily through inflammatory responses. We performed this prospective panel study among 107 COPD patients (372 repeated measurements) with personal monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃), two primary pollutants contributing to the COPD disease burden, to investigate the interactive effects of air pollutants and smoking on inflammatory profiles. Exhaled nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide were detected to assess airway eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, respectively. Fasting blood was collected to count inflammatory cells and detect type-1, type-2, type-17, and regulatory T (Treg) cytokines. We found PM_2.5 mainly induced neutrophilic inflammation, manifesting as stronger airway inflammation in non-smokers and greater increases in blood neutrophils in current smokers (<em>P</em>-interaction&lt;0.05), particularly those with neutrophilic phenotype. Conversely, O₃ primarily induced nasal and circulating eosinophilic inflammation, with non-smokers showing heightened susceptibility. These effects were modified by type-1/type-2 and type-17/Treg immune imbalances in both non-smokers and current smokers. Specifically, type-1 and type-17-skewed immunity exacerbated the neutrophilic effects of PM_2.5, while type-2 and Treg-skewed immunity aggravated the eosinophilic responses to O₃. This study emphasizes the need for personalized prevention strategies to protect COPD patients from the detrimental impacts of air pollution and smoking.<h3>Environmental Implication</h3>Air pollution and cigarette smoke are two major environmental hazardous materials that contribute to approximately 22.6% of total global deaths. They play particularly significant roles in the pathological development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), primarily through inflammatory responses. This prospective panel study is the first to elucidate the interactive role of air pollution and smoking in driving inflammatory heterogeneity of COPD, through precise personal exposure monitoring and prospective repeated measurements of inflammatory profiles. These findings provide novel insights for developing personalized environmental prevention strategies to protect susceptible populations from the hazardous impacts of air pollution and smoking.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}