Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Thiram exposure impairs tibial chondrocyte maturation and ECM synthesis by disrupting the NAD+/Sirt1-driven glycolytic checkpoint","authors":"Kai Liu, Xiaomei Wu, Junhong Hou, Yuanliang Li, Ying Li, Zhaoxin Tang, Quazi T.H. Shubhra, Yung-Fu Chang, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144140","url":null,"abstract":"Thiram, a dithiocarbamate pesticide, induces tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers, but its metabolic toxicity mechanism remains unclear. Using thiram‑exposed broilers (100<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/kg feed) and primary chondrocytes (10<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>μM thiram), we investigated whether thiram disrupts chondrocyte maturation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis by impairing NAD+‑dependent glycolysis. Thiram reduced the NAD+/NADH ratio and Sirt1 activity in tibial growth plates and downregulated glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glycolytic enzymes (HK2, ENO1, LDHA). This metabolic crisis, evidenced by decreased glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis, was accompanied by impaired chondrogenic markers (Sox9, Runx2, Aggrecan, Col2A1) and abnormal cartilage histology. Rescue experiments showed that GLUT1 overexpression partially reversed glycolytic defects and chondrocyte dysfunction caused by Sirt1 knockdown; Sirt1 knockdown attenuated, but did not abolish, GLUT1-mediated protection, and GLUT1 inhibition aggravated these impairments, indicating GLUT1 is a downstream mediator of Sirt1-driven glycolysis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an NAD+ precursor, elevated NAD+, reactivated Sirt1, upregulated GLUT1‑mediated glycolysis, and reversed thiram‑induced ECM loss and maturation arrest. We identify the NAD+/Sirt1/GLUT1 axis as a critical checkpoint that thiram targets to suppress chondrocyte glycolysis and differentiation, revealing a novel toxicological pathway, and suggest NAD+ replenishment may mitigate pesticide‑associated skeletal disorders, with implications for environmental health risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual diagnostics and structural support in machine-learning prediction of mouse intraperitoneal acute toxicity","authors":"Yining Zhang, Sijie Xing, Jiawei Li, Yue Zheng, Tongfei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144056","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated mouse intraperitoneal acute-toxicity prediction using source-traceable public records, residual diagnostics, and evaluation stratified by structural similarity. Rule-based curation and compound aggregation of TOXRIC and PubChem LD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">50</ce:inf> records produced a 34,959-compound development pool and a reserved 1068-compound PubChem-only holdout. The studied 20<mml:math altimg=\"si10.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> OOF discrepancy criterion excluded 448 compounds and retained 34,511 for ECFP4-count/RDKit-2D modeling with multi-seed XGBoost averaging. Database checks reproduced all 448 TOXRIC source values and modeling targets, establishing record traceability without identifying label error. Random and scaffold-based nested evaluations did not show improved <mml:math altimg=\"si60.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>, RMSE, or MAE from exclusion on fixed outer-test populations. The final ensemble achieved a holdout <mml:math altimg=\"si60.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> of 0.7440, RMSE of 0.4703, and MAE of 0.2445 on the <mml:math altimg=\"si102.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>log</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">LD</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>50</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">mol/kg</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> scale. Structural decomposition showed <mml:math altimg=\"si60.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> = 0.9794 for 641 compounds with fingerprint-identical development-set neighbors and <mml:math altimg=\"si60.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> = 0.4290 for the remaining 427 fingerprint-nonidentical compounds. Upstream-record overlap was identified within the fingerprint-identical group. The combined in-domain <mml:math altimg=\"si60.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> of 0.9136 included all 641 fingerprint-identical compounds and 92 similar but nonidentical compounds. These findings distinguish source-record traceability from model agreement and characterize prediction accuracy in relation to structural and provenance support. The released compound-level data, predictions, source checks, and code support reproducible endpoint-specific modeling and examination of its prediction limits.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental safety and engineering performance of quartz-rich biomass bottom ash from industrial-scale fluidized-bed biomass power plants for sustainable aggregate recovery,⁎","authors":"Elżbieta Jarosz-Krzemińska","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144133","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of biomass for renewable energy generation has resulted in growing quantities of biomass bottom ash (BBA), most of which is still landfilled despite its potential as a secondary mineral resource. Quartz-rich BBA generated in fluidized-bed combustion is a unique waste stream due to the incorporation of silica bed material; however, its environmental safety and long-term durability constraints remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively evaluated BBAs from industrial-scale circulating and bubbling fluidized-bed biomass power plants to assess their suitability for resource recovery as secondary fine aggregates. Physicochemical characterization (XRF, XRD, SEM-EDS), environmental risk assessment (aqueous leaching, TCLP, BCR sequential extraction, Risk Assessment Code), aggregate performance testing, and accelerated alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) tests were conducted. Both BBAs contained high quartz contents (74.6-78.3<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.%), low loss on ignition (≤0.32%), and strongly alkaline pH (11.4-11.9). Heavy metals and metalloids showed low leachability, while sequential extraction indicated that Pb and Cd were mainly associated with stable mineral fractions. Zn exhibited moderate mobility according to the Risk Assessment Code, but overall release remained low under aqueous and acidic conditions. Based on regulatory criteria, circulating fluidized-bed ash was classified as non-hazardous waste and bubbling fluidized-bed ash as inert waste. Despite meeting requirements for fine aggregates in road construction, microstructural defects and accelerated expansion tests demonstrated severe alkali-silica reactivity of thermally altered quartz, indicating a critical durability limitation for cementitious applications. Durability constraints associated with reactive silica must be considered alongside contaminant mobility in resource recovery strategies for biomass combustion residues.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic activities and catchment processes shape microplastics and heavy metal concentrations across stream-order gradients in the Minjiang River Basin, China","authors":"Xia Jin, Fuzhong Wu, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, Yan Peng, Qiqian Wu, Zimin Li, Chaoxiang Yuan, Qiao Yang, Xiangyin Ni, Kai Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144115","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers act as important sinks for microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs), yet the influence of stream order on their distributions and ecological risks remains unclear. Here, MPs and HMs were quantified in water (141 sites) and sediments (125 sites) collected across first- to eighth-order streams of the Minjiang River, southeast China. Mean MP concentrations (20–500 μm) were 206 items·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> in water and 1,730 items·kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> in sediments. Mean HM concentrations followed Zn (2.74<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>μg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>; 67.32<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg·kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>) &gt; Cr (1.17<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>μg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>; 29.29<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg·kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>) &gt; Cu (0.68<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>μg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>; 11.39<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg·kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>) &gt; Cd (0.01<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>μg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>; 0.19<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg·kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>) in water and sediments, respectively. MP concentrations showed no significant differences among stream-order classes or land-use types, whereas HM concentrations exhibited metal- and compartment-specific variations across stream orders. Anthropogenic activities, such as cultivated managed vegetation, urbanization, industrialization, and basic infrastructure management, along with land surface runoff explained the associations between stream-order classes and MP/HM distributions. GeoDetector analysis showed greater explanatory power for sediment ecological risk under MP–HM co-occurrence (<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> = 0.59) than for MPs (<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> = 0.22) or HMs (<ce:italic>q</ce:italic> = 0.10) alone. These findings highlight the need to prioritize the management of highly toxic and accumulative pollutants in river systems.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal and process-refined assessment of full-chain toxicity and mitigation potential in China’s mineral phosphate fertilizer production","authors":"Yuanliang Jin, Muhan Qin, Zhenhuan Liu, Qi Zhang, Bin Zhao, Xuanru Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144131","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable phosphorus fertilizer production relies on the assessment of emitted cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), toxicity, and their associated mitigation potential. Existing assessments often employ emissions based on functional units, overlooking the toxicity associated with contaminants that enter the agricultural soils surrounding industrial facilities. In this study, we established a bottom-up assessment model of soil heavy metal(loid)s around industrial enterprises, and applied it to 2247 factories across China. The results indicate that Cd and As emissions during phosphorus fertilizer production in China resulted in a loss of approximately 9370.93 <ce:italic>DALY</ce:italic>-years of human health damage per million people, which using the normalization index is over 5.3 times that of eutrophication caused by P emissions. This toxicity stems from the use of pyrite and phosphate rock, and diffuses to surrounding soil through surface runoff and atmospheric deposition. The Cd content of phosphate rock is critical for pollution control and can reduce toxicity by 22% at the level of 40–60<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>. If advanced phosphorus recovery utilizing sludge and manure as raw material is adopted, the toxicity could be reduced 71% by 2060. These findings provide support for policies regarding short-term pollution control and long-term green transition of phosphate fertilizer production.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"11 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A microbiome-guided foliar Bacillus SynCom couples photosynthetic growth with low-toxicity cadmium accumulation in Solanum nigrum L.","authors":"Yaowei Chi, Shuangjun Wu, Xianzhong Ma, Juncai Wang, Xunfeng Chen, Shaohua Chu, Shunping Zhang, Pei Zhou, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144135","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction often requires balancing metal accumulation with plant growth, yet Cd toxicity constrains photosynthesis and biomass production. Here, we developed a microbiome-guided foliar <ce:italic>Bacillus</ce:italic> synthetic community (SynCom) for <ce:italic>Solanum nigrum</ce:italic>, combining <ce:italic>Bacillus megaterium</ce:italic> NCT-2 with a leaf-derived <ce:italic>Bacillus</ce:italic> isolate, LE45, selected from the NCT-2-responsive leaf microbiome. SynCom inoculation enhanced leaf colonization, increased leaf fresh weight, Cd concentration, and leaf Cd accumulation by 41.35%, 35.33%, and 91.24%, respectively, and improved magnesium (Mg) accumulation, SPAD and photosynthetic rate. It also reduced chloroplast starch granule accumulation while increasing soluble sugars and amylase activity. Cd partitioning shifted towards cell wall and soluble fractions and away from organelles, accompanied by less labile chemical forms. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed coordinated changes in Mg transport, sugar metabolism, cell wall remodeling, Cd transport and stress-related pathways. Together, these results demonstrate that this simplified two-member SynCom couples Mg-associated photosynthetic activation and carbon remobilization with low-toxicity Cd accumulation, providing a controllable and leaf-centred framework for improving aboveground Cd phytoextraction.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous cesium desorption and surfactant degradation from montmorillonite by coupled capacitive deionization–electro-oxidation","authors":"Jiaxin Hu, Sebastian Gonzalez Ramirez, Huagui Zhang, Jae W. Lee, Timothy N. Hunter, David Harbottle","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144014","url":null,"abstract":"Remediation of cesium-contaminated clay minerals is difficult because Cs<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> is strongly retained within collapsed interlayer spaces. Cationic surfactants can promote Cs<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> release, but residual surfactant creates a secondary pollution risk requiring post-treatment. Here, a coupled capacitive deionization–electro-oxidation (CDI-EO) system using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and activated carbon cathode was developed for one-step Cs<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> desorption and in situ surfactant degradation from Cs-saturated montmorillonite (0.95<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mmol<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>, 85% of cation exchange capacity, CEC). Electrochemical degradation of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) was first optimised in a static electrolytic cell, reaching ~96% degradation at 150<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mA<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-2</ce:sup> after 12<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h for a DTAB loading of 0.5 × CEC. These conditions (150<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mA<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-2</ce:sup>, 0.4<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>M Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, pH 7) were then applied in a recirculating flow-by CDI cell at 20<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mL<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>min<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>. Within 6<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h, DTAB degradation reached 84–89% and Cs<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> desorption up to ~89%, with maximum Cs<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> release within 1<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h due to surfactant-induced interlayer expansion and electric-field-driven ion extraction. XRD showed interlayer contraction to 1.22–1.25<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>nm after treatment, confirming effective surfactant removal from the clay structure. Over five consecutive cycles, Cs<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> desorption remained ~70% and surfactant degradation exceeded 80%, demonstrating sustained treatment performance. Electrical energy consumption was 129–140 kWh kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> clay for the dilute laboratory batches studied, and the electrosorption capacity of the unmodified AC cathode is identified as the bottleneck for net Cs⁺ capture. The integrated CDI-EO process therefore provides a simplified single-step route for radionuclide-contaminated clay remediation, simultaneously combining decontamination and surfactant removal while avoiding a separate post-treatment stage for disposal.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of organic pollutant removal and residual carbon evolution from pharmaceutical waste salts via molten bubble-enhanced oxidation","authors":"Wuyang Xiao, Yuxian Wang, Xian Li, Xiaodong Chen, Pin Liu, Jinjun Guo, Congbin Jiang, Zehua Li, Hongyun Hu, Guangqian Luo, Hong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144120","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceutical waste salts (PWS) pose severe environmental risks. High-temperature melting coupled with oxidizing gas bubbling shows great potential for organic pollutant removal. However, the underlying transformation mechanisms and evolutionary behavior of residual carbonaceous species remain unclear, hindering process optimization. To fill this gap, this study investigates carbon partitioning among gas, tar, water‑soluble and water-insoluble solid fractions during molten bubble-enhanced oxidation (MBEO) of PWS by a self-constructed reactor. MBEO reduces the TOC in treated salts to 19.6<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/kg with 99.5% removal efficiency at 1000 ℃ within 20<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>min. Elevated temperatures accelerate organic pollutant removal while exacerbating incomplete oxidation. Residual organic carbonaceous species consist of water-insoluble amorphous carbon, water-soluble humic-like, tyrosine-like, and tryptophan-like substances. As the reaction proceeds Partial water‑insoluble fractions convert into water-soluble fractions. Residual amorphous carbon undergoes a two‑stage structural evolution. Polycondensation and aromatization dominate to drive rapidly structural ordering in the initial stage, followed by framework rearrangement enabling further slow ordering. Meanwhile, continuous cleavage and oxidation of weak organic bonds within amorphous carbon detach partial organic species, which are transformed into water-soluble humic‑like and tyrosine‑like substances. This study clarifies organic carbon transformation during molten oxidation, providing mechanistic insights for PWS purification and guidance for optimization MBEO technology.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Crop-Differentiated Hazardous Pollutant Emissions from Residue Open Buring: An Integrated Multi-Source Satellite and Phenological Metrics Coupling Approach","authors":"Ying Zhou, Caixu Yang, Wanting Zhang, Jianlei Lang, Wenhan Zhang, Wenyue Zhang, Dongsheng Chen, Shuiyuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144111","url":null,"abstract":"Crop residue open burning (CROB) is a significant global source of hazardous air pollutants, posing acute and chronic health risks and transboundary pollution episodes. Current remote sensing-based emission estimates generally overlook crop-type differences and apply uniform combustion parameters, limiting the characterization of crop-specific combustion and emission heterogeneity. To address this gap, we developed a crop-specific emission estimation framework by integrating multi-source satellite-derived fire radiative power (FRP) data with crop distribution and phenological information to characterize crop-specific variations in combustion characteristics and emission spatiotemporal patterns. The results showed that different crop residues exhibited distinct combustion characteristics. Specifically, the maximum burning duration for wheat residue (9<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h) was shorter than that for rice and corn (13<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h), while rice and corn residues showed faster FRP growth and reached their peak FRP earlier during combustion. These differences indicate that crop residues exhibit distinct FRP temporal evolution patterns, underscoring the necessity of adopting mathematical distribution models and combustion parameters that can characterize crop-specific burning behaviors. In terms of emissions, corn residue burning dominated CROB emissions, contributing 43.0%-67.3% of various pollutants, and its PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> emission per unit residue yield (emission intensity) was 1.3-1.5 times higher than those of rice and wheat. Substantial regional heterogeneity was observed; for the same crop, PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> emission intensity varied by up to 16 times across different regions. This study provides a methodological framework for crop-specific CROB emission estimation and develops a high-resolution, crop-specific emission inventory, offering essential data support for air quality modeling, health risk assessment, and targeted CROB management.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation in the spatial distribution, community assembly, and associated factors of antibiotic resistance genes in tropical drinking water reservoirs of Hainan, China","authors":"Luoxian Huang, Bo Chen, Xiaojin Liu, Zhiqiang Guo, Guoqianhui Zhang, Jingyu Li, Qiongyao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.144123","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been widely investigated in temperate and subtropical reservoirs but remain poorly understood in tropical drinking-water reservoirs. We sampled four drinking-water reservoirs in Hainan during both winter and summer, integrating physicochemical, heavy-metal, and metagenomic data to investigate the diversity, spatiotemporal patterns, and assembly of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and microbial communities. ARG composition and community structure differed significantly by season and reservoir. Contig-based analysis identified ARG–MGE arrangements in diverse putative hosts; sul1 and qacEdelta1 co-occurred with integrases and transposases, demonstrating MGE co-localization. Null-model analysis indicated reservoir-specific ARG assembly in winter but predominantly stochastic assembly in summer, whereas microbial community assembly was deterministic in both seasons. Mantel and Spearman analyses showed seasonal variation in ARG relationships: stronger correlations with environmental factors in winter and more positive correlations with MGEs in summer. Summer co-occurrence networks were larger and more connected, with more positive ARG–MGE–microbial genus associations. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) showed positive MGE–ARG associations in both seasons, whereas microbial community composition was negatively associated with ARGs only in winter. These results characterize seasonal ARG variation and its associations with microbial communities and MGEs in tropical reservoirs, providing a baseline for monitoring regional drinking-water sources.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}