Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Removal of nickel ions from industrial wastewater using tms-EDTA-functionalized Ti3C2Tx: Experimental and statistical physics modeling","authors":"Syed Asad Raza Kazmi, Syed Muhammad Husnain, Abdul Rehman Khan, Tariq M. Qureshi, Tarek Lemaoui, Inas M. AlNashef, Hassan A. Arafat, Faisal Shahzad","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137667","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the surface modification of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene using tms-EDTA (EDTA@MXene) to develop an efficient adsorbent for divalent heavy metal cations, such as Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺, from contaminated water. EDTA@MXene showed significantly enhanced adsorption capacities for these ions compared to pristine MXene. Using nickel ion (Ni²⁺) as a model adsorbate, EDTA@MXene demonstrated remarkable removal efficiency, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 249.5<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/g as compared to the 61.4<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/g of pristine MXene with fast kinetics and attaining equilibrium within 30<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes. The results indicated that Ni²⁺ adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with equilibrium data fitting both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. As the classical adsorption models remained inconclusive on the underlying adsorption mechanisms, advanced statistical physics models were subsequently applied for deeper investigation. The findings revealed that Ni²⁺ ions adsorbed onto the surface in a non-parallel orientation. The adsorption process was reversible, endothermic, and driven mainly by physical interactions, with higher temperatures favoring greater adsorption capacity. EDTA@MXene demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high (&gt;80%) regeneration efficiency after five regeneration cycles. It also exhibited a high adsorption capacity for Ni²⁺ ions from nickel electroplating wastewater, highlighting its potential for real application in the treatment of metal-contaminated industrial wastewater.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe-doped TiO2 nanosheet exposure accelerates the spread of antibiotic resistance genes by promoting plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer","authors":"Ping Cheng, Botao Wang, Qianyu Ji, Pingping Yuan, Shixin Gui, Shuying Liang, Lin Li, Hongwei Xu, Shaoqi Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137715","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via plasmid-mediated conjugation poses a serious threat to public health. Conjugation can be accelerated by selective pressures caused by antibiotics and other environmental pollutants. Fe-doped TiO₂ nanosheets (FTNs) are widely used for the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, raising concerns about their potential presence in the environment and their role in exerting selective pressure on conjugation. In this study, FTNs at subinhibitory concentrations (25, 50, and 100<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L) were applied in an <em>in vitro</em> conjugation model to investigate their impact on ARG conjugation. The results showed that FTN exposure increased conjugative transfer frequency by more than 2.5-fold. Molecular mechanism analysis revealed that FTNs increased membrane permeability by causing physical damage and inducing oxidative stress, promoted energy supply by modulating the proton motive force (PMF) and enhancing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and improved intercellular contact by enhancing cell adhesion. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis indicated that FTNs upregulated the expression of genes related to energy supply, cell adhesion, cell transport and oxidative stress. Overall, the findings of this study reveal the potential risk of nanosheets accelerating the spread of ARGs via plasmid-mediated conjugation, highlighting the necessity of establishing guidelines for their appropriate use and discharge.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct photodegradation of aromatic carbamate pesticides: Kinetics and mechanisms in aqueous vs. non-aqueous media","authors":"Yufan Yuan, Danping Li, Huajun Huang, Jinbao He, Chenglong Yu, Yanpeng Gao, Davide Vione, Hansun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137648","url":null,"abstract":"The direct photodegradation quantum yields (<em>Φ</em>) of five representative aromatic carbamate pesticides - carbaryl, carbofuran, propoxur, isoprocarb, and metolcarb - were examined in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, the latter mimicking hydrophobic environments such as leaf surfaces. For carbaryl, carbofuran, isoprocarb, and metolcarb, the <em>Φ</em> values generally followed the order <em>Φ</em>_water &lt; <em>Φ</em>_MeOH &lt; <em>Φ</em>_{n<em>-</em>hexane}, while propoxur showed a different trend, <em>Φ</em>_MeOH &lt; <em>Φ</em>_n-hexane &lt; <em>Φ</em>_water. Scavenging and laser flash photolysis experiments, combined with quantum chemical calculations, were used to clarify the photodegradation mechanisms. Photodegradation is primarily initiated by the singlet excited state (S*), with the triplet state (T*) also contributing in compounds with conjugated structures, such as carbaryl. Upon excitation, MCAEs generated both radical cations (S^•+) and phenoxyl radicals (S-O^•), and S^•+ would convert to S-O^• subsequently. S-O^• is predominantly generated through the cleavage of C-O bonds in ester groups, subsequently abstracting hydrogen from solvent molecules. The reactivity of hydrogen donors in these solvents follows the order: -CH₂- &gt; -CH₃ &gt; -OH. For propoxur, the ether group also contributes to the formation of S-O^•, which further reacts with H₂O and enhances degradation in aqueous environments. Solvent polarity had a minimal effect on photodegradation. This comparative study of degradation in aqueous and nonaqueous phases provides insights for designing and selecting pesticides that are effective during use in nonaqueous environments, such as on leaf surfaces, yet degrade rapidly in aqueous environments in the post-application phase.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a deep neural network model based on high throughput screening data for predicting synergistic estrogenic activity of binary mixtures for consumer products","authors":"Jongwoon Kim, Seung-Jin Lee, Daeyoung Jung, Hyun Young Kim, Jung-In Lee, Myungwon Seo, Sunmi Kim, Jiwon Choi, Wook-Joon Yu, Heeyeong Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137650","url":null,"abstract":"A paradigm of chemical risk assessment is continuously extending from focusing on ‘single substances’ to more comprehensive approaches that examines the combined toxicity among different components in ‘mixtures.’ This change aims to account for the cocktail effect arising from the toxicological interactions in mixtures, which can lead to increased risks. More than 1,000 potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported, and they can be included in different industrial and consumer chemical products and released to the environment as pollutants of emerging environmental concern. Although extensive studies involving both experiments and predictions have investigated individual EDCs, predictions of their synergistic effects are still relatively lacking, an area that requires further investigation. In this study, we extensively investigated substances in consumer products, mainly marketed in South Korea, that might exhibit estrogenic activity or reproductive toxicity. A high throughput screening (HTS) assay based on OECD Test Guideline 455 for hERαHeLa-9903 cells was constructed, and 435 substances were screened using the HTS. Thirty-five (potential) estrogenic agonists were selected, and their 1,412 binary mixtures that could be prepared in four different ratios were systematically tested, considering the available effective concentrations of substances and the solubility of their resulting mixtures. The best empirical dose-response curves of 35 substances and 917 mixtures were derived in this study. Based on the HTS data, a deep neural network model was developed (area under the curve (AUC): 0.837-0.881) and compared with a random forest model (AUC: 0.656-0.829) to screen for the synergistic estrogenic activity of binary mixtures.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable dual C-Cl isotope slopes of trichloromethane transformation by alkaline-activated persulfate under different simulated field conditions","authors":"Sergio Gil-Villalba, Mònica Rosell, Clara Torrentó, Martí Vinyes-Nadal, Albert Soler, Jordi Palau","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137702","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of <em>δ</em>¹³C and <em>δ</em>³⁷Cl isotopic values of trichloromethane (TCM) to monitor and quantify its transformation during alkaline persulfate (PS) activation. Batch experiments were designed to replicate different TCM:PS molar ratios, pH values, the presence of CO₃^2- ion and the simulation of an alkaline interception trench. Results revealed three distinct C-Cl isotopic trends; First, despite differences in degradation kinetics, isotopic trends were consistent across TCM:PS molar ratios (Λ^C-Cl between 23 ± 10 and 33 ± 6), suggesting that radical activation remained unaffected. Conversely, at pH 12.8, alkaline hydrolysis (AH) became the predominant degradation process (Λ^C-Cl of 9 ± 1 and 11 ± 1) over reaction with PS derived radical species. Finally, in the presence of excess CO₃^2- ion, which acts as radical scavenger probably affecting the radical species involved in TCM degradation, a Λ^C-Cl value of 5.5 ± 0.6 was observed, suggesting a reductive degradation reaction. Therefore, our results reveal, for the first time, that the dual C-Cl isotope slope during TCM degradation by PS varies significantly depending on field conditions. The unexpected accumulation of higher chlorinated byproducts, such as hexachloroethane, during TCM degradation by alkaline-activated PS was observed for the first time and further research is needed in real open-systems to assess its potential environmental implications.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From victims to protectors: microalgae's unexpected capacity for diuron elimination","authors":"Zhangzhang Xie, Cuiyun Yang, Ju Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Oumei Wang, Ying Wang, Fanghua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137693","url":null,"abstract":"Diuron is a widespread PSII-inhibiting herbicide that persists in aquatic ecosystems and threatens environmental health. However, cost-effective removal solutions remain elusive. This study revealed that microalgae have the ability to remove diuron efficiently under mixotrophic conditions, e.g., <em>Parachlorella kessleri</em> could completely remove 60<!-- --> <!-- -->μg·L^-1 of diuron within 60<!-- --> <!-- -->hours. The primary process of this removal is bioabsorption, which relies more on new biomass generation than on total biomass. Additionally, diuron significantly enhances the mixotrophic growth of <em>P. kessleri</em> by maintaining a stable pH environment, stabilizing between 7.0 and 7.5 without the need for buffers or adjustments. This pH stabilization is attributed to diuron's reduction of the alkalizig effect of microalgal photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Other microalgae species, including <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, <em>Chlorella ellipsoidea</em> and <em>Scenedesmus quadricauda</em>, also show high diuron removal efficiencies and growth promotion under mixotrophic conditions. These findings collectively suggest that the use of mixotrophic microalgae could represent a new potential method for diuron removal.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-Dependent Internalization of Polystyrene Microplastics as a Key Factor in Macrophages and Systemic Toxicity","authors":"Wei-Qiang Luo, Meng-Ting Cao, Chen-Xuan Sun, Jun-Jian Wang, Meng-Xi Gao, Xue-Rui He, Le-Ning Dang, Yang-Yang Geng, Bing-Yao Li, Jing Li, Zhi-Cheng Shi, Xing-Rong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137701","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic are emerging pollutants with a wide range of ecological and biological effects, including the ability to accumulate in organisms and induce toxicity. Although numerous studies have investigated the distribution and toxicity of microplastics in murine models and cell lines, the conclusions are inconsistent owing to variations in experimental designs, particle sizes, exposure methods, and dose quantifications. To address these gaps, we systematically evaluated the size-dependent internalization and toxicity of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) using <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models. Fluorescently labeled PS-MPs were used to confirm the negligible toxicity of fluorophores on macrophages, demonstrating their suitability for tracking particle accumulation. <em>In vitro</em> experiments using RAW 264.7 cell lines and primary peritoneal macrophages revealed size-dependent phagocytosis and cytotoxicity, with smaller particles (0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->µm) demonstrating higher internalization and causing greater mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis compared to that with larger particles (5<!-- --> <!-- -->µm). Acute <em>in vivo</em> experiments comparing oral administration and tail-vein injection revealed that the absorbed dose and toxicity were significantly influenced by particle size, with smaller PS-MPs showing higher organ retention and alterations in hematological and metabolic parameters. Additionally, a 28-day subacute oral exposure study highlighted systemic toxicity, including weight loss, disrupted food intake, elevated oxidative stress markers, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity. By integrating multiple exposure routes, macrophage models, and fluorescence toxicity evaluations, this study provided a comprehensive and realistic assessment of microplastic toxicity, offering valuable insights for advancing toxicological evaluations and regulatory frameworks. However, this study did not address the influence of other plastic types, shapes, or environmental factors on toxicity. Future studies are thus needed to explore these variables and the long-term implications of real-world microplastic exposure.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient photocatalytic removal of NO and synchronous inhibition of NO2 via heterojunction formed by ZnAl-LDH and MXene-Ti3C2-derived TiO2@C","authors":"Kaili Wu, Yacen Tang, Yirui Qiu, Haibo Zhou, Xingyan Liu, Panyin Wang, Youzhou He, Shimeng Pan, Yuyu Fang, Min Fu, Siping Wei, Fan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137710","url":null,"abstract":"The key challenge in oxidizing NO using photocatalysis is controlling the selectivity of products to avoid the generation of toxic byproducts like NO₂. Here, we propose regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species by constructing Type-II heterojunctions to facilitate the deep oxidation of NO to nitrates. Experimental characterization and Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations demonstrate that the outstanding photocatalytic activity of heterojunction materials stems from their superior charge separation efficiency and stronger adsorption capacity for NO and O₂ molecules, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species. These results indicated that the best-performing sample, ZATC15, demonstrated an impressive NO removal efficiency of 65.43%. However, the selectivity rate of NO₂ was only 4.78%, much lower compared to the NO₂ selectivity rates of pure ZnAl-LDH (48.17%) and TiO₂@C (72.46%). The intermediate and final products, the generation pathways of active free radicals (h⁺ and •O₂^-) and the mechanism behind the profound oxidation of NO were elucidated based on <em>in-situ</em> Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (<em>in-situ</em> FTIR), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), and capture experiment. This investigation will offer valuable insights for modifying LDH in order to effectively remove ppb-level NO through photocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Marine Harmful Prorocentrum","authors":"Danlin Zheng, Ligong Zou, Jian Zou, Qun Li, Songhui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137674","url":null,"abstract":"This study integrates transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to investigate the synthesis pathways of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in <em>Prorocentrum lima</em> and <em>Prorocentrum arenarium</em>, three strains exhibiting distinct toxin profiles. By combining multi-omics data, we identified 45 type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) and 45 type II fatty acid synthases (FASs) as potential candidates involved in DST production. Sequence analysis of the selected PKS and FAS genes revealed a high level of consistency across different omics datasets. Our results highlight the differential expression of proteins associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, with <em>P. arenarium</em> (HN231) exhibiting a significantly higher proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) compared to <em>P. lima</em> (3XS36 and XS336), consistent with the upregulation of proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis pathways. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DST production and fatty acid metabolism in dinoflagellates, providing a foundation for future research on environmental contamination by DSTs. This study underscores the importance of multi-omics approaches for understanding hazardous marine toxins and their environmental implications.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics enhance the denitrification of glycogen-accumulating organisms by regulating electronic transport in carbon-nitrogen coupling","authors":"Yuchao Liu, Jinrui Cao, Sheng Li, Xinxin He, , Shang Wang, Jingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137627","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing presence of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater treatment systems profoundly impacts microbial metabolism and process performance. However, the effects of MPs on the denitrification process of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) remain unclear. Herein, various types and concentrations of MPs were introduced into the activate sludge of GAOs to assess their impact on denitrification processes and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that adding 100 μm PVC increased the denitrification efficiency of GAOs by 14.6%, whereas adding 100<!-- --> <!-- -->nm PVC decreased efficiency by 8.4%. Additionally, 100<!-- --> <!-- -->nm PVC inhibited polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation, while 100 μm PVC promoted it. Furthermore, 100<!-- --> <!-- -->nm and 100 μm PVC differently influenced metabolic functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) content. Metatranscriptome analyses revealed differential expression of genes such as <em>phaC</em>, <em>CS</em>, <em>nuoL</em>, <em>CYC1</em>, and <em>nisK</em>, which are involved in carbon-nitrogen metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, 100 μm PVC enhanced the denitrification rate in GAOs by promoting PHB decomposition, increasing NADH electron-donating capacity, and ultimately enhancing the denitrification rate of GAOs. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism on regulating the carbon-nitrogen coupling in activated sludge under the different particle size of MPs.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}