Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Reactive transport modeling to quantify the transformation of iron oxyhydroxides on the enrichment of iodine in groundwater of central Datong Basin","authors":"Lu Wang, Junxia Li, Kun Qian, Xianjun Xie, Yanxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138270","url":null,"abstract":"The enrichment of groundwater iodine is posing health risk for residents relying on groundwater for drinking. The transformation of iron oxyhydroxides plays the vital role in mobilizing sediment iodine into groundwater. However, few studies have provided sufficient knowledge of iodine adsorption on iron oxyhydroxides. In this study, we obtained thermodynamic parameters of iodate adsorption on magnetite and aluminum silicates through batch experiments. The extended three-layer model (ETLM) was developed to simulate the adsorption behavior under varying pH, ionic strength, and solid concentration. Using thermodynamic constants, a reactive transport model involving several scenarios was developed to explore the transformation of iron oxyhydroxides on the enrichment of iodine based on sediment profiles in the Datong Basin. Results indicate that the transformation from ferrihydrite to goethite within shallow aquifers reduces groundwater iodine concentrations by increasing the thermodynamic stability of the mineralogical system constituting the sediment, making iron oxyhydroxides less prone to reductive dissolution and release adsorbed iodine. In deep aquifers, newly formed secondary hematite and magnetite exhibit complementary surface properties, enhancing adsorption capacities of iodine compared to single-mineral systems. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of minerals compositions and transformation on the mobilization of iodine in the groundwater system.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cellulose based fluorescent microsphere for sensitive detection and efficient removal of hydrazine and its versatile applications in environmental samples and live plants","authors":"Zhiyuan Meng, Xinyan Li, Qian Ye, Shuo Zhang, Xu Xu, Yiqin Yang, Zhonglong Wang, Shifa Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138253","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrazine (N₂H₄) is being extensively utilized in various industrial fields, yet its high toxicity can cause enormous adverse effects on human health and the ecological environment. Herein, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe <strong>FNA-B-CA</strong> (naphthalimide small molecule (<strong>FNA-B</strong>) grafting onto cellulose acetate (<strong>CA</strong>)) for sensitive detection and high effective removal of N₂H₄ was synthesized. Probe <strong>FNA-B-CA</strong> can recognize N₂H₄ across a wide pH range (5−12) with a low detection limit (84<!-- --> <!-- -->nM), high selectivity, and strong anti-interference ability. It enabled quantitative detection of N₂H₄ concentrations in actual water and soil samples quantitatively and functioned as an efficient tool for tracking N₂H₄ in plant tissue (bean sprouts). More importantly, probe <strong>FNA-B-CA</strong> was hereby successfully prepared into fluorescent microspheres using the favorable processing properties of <strong>CA</strong>, further facilitating the simultaneous detection and adsorption of N₂H₄ in aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare earth elements in seagrass beds: Contamination, bioaccumulation, and biomonitoring","authors":"Shanshan Chen, Zhenghua Tao, Xinqing Zheng, Fengyuan Chen, Li Zhang, Shiquan Chen, Ke Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138271","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal environments are increasingly vulnerable to contamination from rare earth elements (REE) due to expanding anthropogenic activities, yet the fate and ecological risks of REE in ecologically critical seagrass ecosystems remain poorly understood. This study deciphered the behavior, fractionation, and compartmentalization of REE in both seagrass sediments and tissues. Total REE concentrations in sediments ranged from 70.5 to 258.8<!-- --> <!-- -->mg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg^–1, with Ce emerging as the most enriched REE in both matrices. Pollution Load Index varied from 0.7 to 3.0, indicating slight to moderate REE pollution, with localized enrichment of some REE (e.g., Tb, Lu) pointing to anthropogenic influences such as industrial effluents and marine traffic. Principal component and enrichment factor analyses attribute approximately 66% of REE patterns to geogenic weathering, while 22.6% reflect anthropogenic contributions. Geochemical partitioning revealed that Fe-Mn oxides serve as major REE sinks, while organic matter plays a dual role—enhancing total REE retention through complexation yet reducing mobility by stabilizing labile fractions. Correlations between REE concentrations in seagrass tissues and sediments suggest species-specific uptake and limited translocation. These findings underscore the capacity of seagrasses to serve as sensitive bioindicators for REE pollution and highlight the importance of organic matter and rhizosphere processes in modulating REE bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of hydrophilic magnetic imprinted covalent organic framework composite for targeted separation and enrichment of tetracycline","authors":"Yahan Cui, Shenghui Wang, Niao Zhao, Hongyuan Yan, Dandan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138263","url":null,"abstract":"Tetracycline (TC) contamination poses a serious environmental and public health threat, therefore this work presents a sensitive and selective TC separation and detection method. Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers (IL-MMIPs) were designed for the first time, using magnetic graphene oxide modified covalent organic framework (MGO-COF) as the support, double ionic liquids N-trimethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) ammonium chloride and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazole bromide as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. The IL-MMIPs exhibited high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics for TC through the recognition of surface molecular imprinting and the strong electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between ionic liquids. And the IL-MMIPs showed outstanding water-compatibility thanks to the incorporation of double ionic liquids. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit of MSPE-IL-MMIPs-HPLC-UV was 0.20 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> was 0.9999. The TC was extracted from medical wastewater by IL-MMIPs with a recovery rate of 93.0-105.3%. Therefore, the established method based on IL-MMIPs has high sensitivity and can be used as a new strategy for the detection of tetracycline antibiotics in water systems.<h3>Environmental Implication</h3>As a widely used spectral antibiotic, tetracycline poses a serious threat to the ecology and organisms, as well as breeding drug-resistant bacteria and the development of drug-resistant genes. Effective detection and removal of high concentrations of tetracycline in medical wastewater is urgently needed. In this study, highly selective hydrophilic molecularly imprinted materials integrating ionic liquid via surface imprinting were constructed, which could selectively enrich tetracycline in medical wastewater, achieving accurate detection.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of typical persistent organic pollutants in South China Sea by economical solid phase microextraction with hierarchical porous biochar","authors":"Jinglin Chen, Yixin Kuang, Xiaoying Feng, Cheng Mao, Suxin Zhou, Weidong Zhai, Juan Zheng, Gangfeng Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138262","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid, accurate, and cost-effective determination of typical persistent organic pollutants in marine water provides crucial support for risk management and remediation. Herein, an activated <em>Cucumis metuliferus</em> biochar (ACMB) with large specific surface area, hierarchical structure, and large pore volume, was synthesized through a simple treatment process. Subsequently, it was fabricated as uniform solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber at a cost of less than 0.17 Renminbi (RMB) per fiber for the extraction of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and four organochlorine compounds (OCs) in marine water. The ACMB-coated fiber exhibited exceptional enrichment factors ranging from 1601 to 6732, and outperformed the commercial fibers in terms of stability, extraction performance, and production cost, verifying its outstanding practicability. By coupling it with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a highly automatic method was developed, exhibiting low detection limits (0.30-0.99<!-- --> <!-- -->ng<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1), wide linear ranges (5-2000<!-- --> <!-- -->ng<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1), and good reproducibility. It realized the highly efficient determinations of PAHs and OCs in marine water samples collected from South China Sea (n=18), providing the spatial distribution of acenaphthene, fluorene, and anthracene in the marine environment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury Accumulation and Biomagnification in the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) Food Chain","authors":"Sabnam Mahat, Bettina Almasi, Ingrid S. Kjelsen, Dan S Marmet, Gerald Heckel, Alexandre Roulin, Andreas M. Buser, Adrien Mestrot","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138269","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) accumulation and biomagnification in the barn owl (<em>Tyto alba)</em> food chain were investigated using bioindicator samples from three trophic levels: 1) soil and moss (atmospheric deposition indicators), 2) small mammal fur from regurgitated pellets (herbivores and omnivores), and 3) barn owl down feathers (apex predators). Spatial analysis identified regional Hg variation in soil, fur and feathers. Statistical models explored the effects of proximity to water bodies, wetlands and nearby pollution sources. The highest total Hg (THg) concentrations were found in feathers (170 ± 160<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg^-1, n=246) and fur in regurgitated pellets (150 ± 200<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg^-1, n=150), followed by soil (63 ± 17<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg^-1, n=63). Bioaccumulation factors were 2.3 (soil to fur) and 2.7 (soil to feather). Biomagnification factor from fur to feathers was 1.8. Methyl Hg (MeHg), measured in a subset of samples, was 120 ± 130<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg^-1 in fur (n=29) and 150 ± 98<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg^-1 in feathers (n=42), with 75-97% of THg in feathers as MeHg. Prey composition significantly influenced fur THg levels, with higher concentrations in diets with omnivorous prey (<em>Apodemus flavicollis</em>) compared to herbivorous prey (<em>Microtus arvalis</em>). These findings highlight the importance of diet in Hg monitoring and biomagnification studies.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, uptake, and daily exposure of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a paddy field: A growth cycle study","authors":"Bowen Li, Hongping Wang, Peiwen Yu, Pan Zou, Dongfei Tan, Fen Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138256","url":null,"abstract":"Rice, a crucial agricultural commodity, is potentially susceptible to contamination by persistent organic pollutants throughout its entire growth cycle in the field. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted great scientific attention due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potentials, and toxicity. However, the occurrence and behavior of PFASs in the paddy ecosystem have not been confirmed. This study explored the uptake, accumulation, and potential risks of PFASs in the irrigation water, soils and paddy tissues from a typical paddy system at the main stages of rice growth. The total PFAS concentrations in irrigation water and soils were in the range of 62.9−85.5<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/L and 45.7−75.4<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g dw. The concentrations of PFASs in paddy tissues followed the order of root&gt;stem&gt;leaf&gt;grain. A minor decrease in PFAS concentrations in paddy tissues with growth time may be attributed to biotransformation and growth dilution. PFAS distribution in soils, irrigation water, and different paddy tissues also showed different patterns with the growing time of paddy. ΣPFCAs and ΣPFSAs were the most prevalent PFASs in all samples, which constituted 65.0−96.3% of the total PFASs. In addition, the transfer factor (TF) values from root to stem/leaf/grain decreased as Log <em><em>K</em></em>_OW increased (Log <em><em>K</em></em>_OW&lt; 5). Significant correlations between the concentrations and protein contents in paddy grains were observed for most long-chain PFASs. Risk assessments have suggested that the current levels do not pose a health risk to humans, but PFAS alternatives cannot be neglected for food safety and environmental impacts.<h3>Environmental Implication</h3>Concerns are mounting globally regarding the environmental implications of PFAS and human exposure through food consumption. This study elucidates the uptake and biotransformation of PFASs throughout paddy growth cycle. The findings reveal that PFASs can be taken up by roots and translocated to grains, suggesting potential pathway for these substances to enter the food chain. A positive correlation between translocation factors and protein content in paddy tissues. Further investigation is warranted on the emergence and behaviors of PFAS alternatives within the soil-plant system, as this is crucial for assessing the ultimate fate and potential toxicity of PFASs in the environment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to major constituents of fine particulate matter and sleep disorders among children and adolescents: a population-based survey in Guangdong province, China","authors":"Qing-Guo Zeng, Jian Dai, Bin Jalaludin, Jing Wei, Bin Zhao, Yuan Lv, Anna Oudin, Pasi Jalava, Guang-Hui Dong, Xiao-Wen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138254","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 is associated with sleep health in adults, but its impact on children and adolescents remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed 64,203 children and adolescents (6 - 18 years) from four cities in Guangdong, China, to assess the impact of PM_2.5 and its major constituents on sleep disorders. Sleep disorders were assessed using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Generalized linear mixed models and weighted quantile sum regression were applied to assess the joint effects of PM_2.5 constituents. The results indicated a positive association between PM_2.5 and sleep disorders. For example, the odds of sleep disorder increased with per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 concentrations [odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.06, 1.26). Black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM) increase the odds by 16% (95% CI: 9, 24%) and 23% (95% CI: 9, 39%), respectively. Notably, combustion-related BC (44.3%) and OM (24.3%) contributed the key contributors to the mixture risk. Children and adolescents with limited outdoor activity (&lt; 2<!-- --> <!-- -->hours/day) were more vulnerable to PM_2.5 exposure (<em>P</em> for interaction = 0.028). These findings highlight that stricter air pollution regulations and targeted measures to reduce children’s exposure to combustion-derived pollutants are essential for protecting sleep health and overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of norfloxacin on the interaction between duckweed and its growth-promoting bacterial assemblages","authors":"Hong Lin, Junjun Chang, Tianning Liang, Chen Yang, Yingying Wei, Wei Peng, Ankun Xu, Changqun Duan, Yonggui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138249","url":null,"abstract":"The entry of antibiotics into aquatic environments can negatively affect various organisms. However, the specific effects of antibiotics on the interactions between aquatic plants and its growth-promoting bacterial assemblages (GPBA) remain inadequately explored. Thus, this study aimed to examine the performance of mono-culture and co-culture systems, involving duckweed and its GPBA, under varying norfloxacin concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, and 1<!-- --> <!-- -->mg<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1), to elucidate the effects of norfloxacin on the interactions between duckweed and GPBA. The results revealed that norfloxacin concentrations of ≥ 0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->mg<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1 significantly inhibited duckweed growth and diminished the growth-promoting abilities of GPBA by reducing the relative abundances of plant growth-promoting bacteria (e.g., <em>Pelomonas</em>, <em>Ensifer</em>, <em>Acidovorax</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em>). Furthermore, physiological analysis of duckweed suggests that GPBA may enhance the antioxidant capacity of duckweed, thereby alleviating membrane damage induced by norfloxacin. Additionally, norfloxacin concentrations of ≥ 0.2<!-- --> <!-- -->mg<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1 significantly reduced nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies in the co-culture system. Overall, norfloxacin exerted a more pronounced negative impact on duckweed growth, microbial community and nutrient removal in the co-culture system compared to the mono-culture system, indicating that norfloxacin poses a heightened risk to the co-culture system by disrupting the interactions between duckweed and its GPBA.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-efficient degradation of isoquinoline from shale gas wastewater with the diethylamine-ferrate(VI) system: The key role of Fe(IV)/Fe(V) active species","authors":"Ying Wang, Xin Chen, Liang Chen, Xin Cheng, Chunyan Yang, Guijing Chen, Jingyu Shu, Wen Liu, Alberto Tiraferri, Baicang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138215","url":null,"abstract":"Although isoquinoline (IQL) in shale gas wastewater contributes minimally to chemical oxygen demand, its potential high toxicity makes it an environmental risk factor that cannot be overlooked. This study introduces a synergistic diethylamine (Di)/ferrate (Fe(VI)) system for efficient degradation of IQL. Compared with Fe(VI) alone, the Di/Fe(VI) system demonstrated superior performance, achieving degradation efficiency of 80.5%. The degradation rate constant of the Di/Fe(VI) system was almost 3-fold larger than that measured with Fe(VI) alone in the degradation of IQL. Mechanistic studies, including radical quenching, electron paramagnetic resonance, pre-mixed experiments, Raman spectroscopy, and probe compounds tests suggested that high-valent iron intermediates (Fe(IV/V)) were responsible for IQL degradation in the Di/Fe(VI) system. The presence of Di promoted the generation of Fe(IV)/Fe(V) by donating electrons. Based on the intermediates identified with GC-MS measurements and density functional theory calculations, three reaction pathways for IQL degradation were proposed. ECOSAR prediction and <em>Escherichia coli</em> toxicity tests showed that the toxicity of IQL was significantly reduced after treatment with Di/Fe(VI) system. Optimal IQL degradation occurred at higher Fe(VI)/Di concentrations and lower pH, with minimal interference from common ions or matrix components. The system also effectively degraded pharmaceuticals (e.g., 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 6-methylquinoline, diclofenac, carbamazepine), demonstrating broad applicability for refractory pollutant treatment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}