Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Wastewater as a Driver of Heavy Metal Pollution in River Catchments – a study of possible scenarios","authors":"Dominika Matuszewska, Edyta Kiedrzyńska, Monika Harnisz, Marcin Kiedrzyński","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140029","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals can enter rivers i.a. from point sources such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and industrial plants with inadequately-treated wastewater. The present article examines (i) the impact of WWTPs and industrial facilities on the pollution of the Pilica River, (ii) heavy metal loads along its continuum, and (iii) the identification of common pollution patterns in wastewater and river water, and the effect of their physicochemical properties.A novel aspect of this study is the use of two distinct data calculation approaches: Variant 1 -values below the quantification limit (LOQ) were replaced with LOQ/2, Variant 2- LOQ replaced with zero. Analyses have shown that pollution scenarios differ depending on the calculation method used. Nevertheless, regardless of the calculation method, the general conclusions that can be drawn are: i) among WWTPs, the highest heavy metal concentrations are generated by the smallest plants, ii) the highest loads by the largest ones, which is related i.a. to the size of their flow, iii) industrial plants are significant sources of point pollution of rivers, with arsenic, tin, zinc, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, chromium, mercury and barium being detected in wastewater. The most common heavy metal in the Pilica was found to be Barium, with the highest loads observed in winter (66.29-216.98<!-- --> <!-- -->kg/day), and depending on the season, arsenic, copper and nickel were also detected.The innovative aspect of the work is an example of modification of the sedimentation-biofiltration system as a sustainable solution for removing heavy metals from treated wastewater.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic activation of peroxymonosulfate by CuO@Fe2O3 for enhanced degradation of ofloxacin: Role of surface hydroxyl groups and environmental applicability","authors":"Mingyi Liu, Kai Yu, Yaqian Li, Haodong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140037","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops a Cu/Fe bimetallic material for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade organic pollutants. Under identical conditions, the degradation kinetic constant of ofloxacin (OFX) by the bimetallic material CuO@Fe₂O₃ was 2.15-fold and 28.19-fold higher than those achieved with single-metal CuO and Fe₂O₃ catalysts, respectively. The synergistic effect of copper and iron species promoted the occurrence of catalytic reaction and improved the degradation efficiency. Through radical quenching experiments, deuterium oxide (D₂O) experiments, pre-mixing experiments, and calculations of radical contribution rates, it was confirmed that the reaction involves the synergistic action of both free radical and non-free radical pathways. Under alkaline conditions, surface hydroxyl groups are generated, which accelerate the reaction process, achieving a nearly 100% removal rate within 5<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes. Potential degradation pathways of OFX were proposed through LC-MS identification of intermediates coupled with theoretical calculations. The low toxicity of degradation byproducts and the material's robust anti-interference capability, reusability, and structural stability collectively demonstrate its practical potential for water remediation applications.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclides and the uranium isotope fingerprint of globally produced phosphate rocks, mineral fertilizers, and phosphogypsum waste and its potential effect on the environment","authors":"Robert C. Hill, Zhen Wang, Jun Hu, Gordon D.Z. Williams, Avner Vengosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140033","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of uranium (U), thorium (Th), and radium (Ra) in phosphate rocks (PRs) leads to enrichment of these radionuclides in produced fertilizers and phosphogypsum waste byproducts. This study presents a global dataset of U- and Th- series radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra, and ²²⁸Ra) and uranium isotope composition (δ²³⁸U) in PRs, fertilizers, and phosphogypsum. Results reveal systematic variations in U and Ra content and δ²³⁸U signatures based on geological age and phosphate rock type (igneous vs sedimentary). Sedimentary PRs are in ²³⁸U-²²⁶Ra secular equilibrium, with younger rocks (Miocene-Permian) exhibiting higher ²²⁶Ra activities (up to 1837 Bq/kg) than older rocks (≤241<!-- --> <!-- -->Bq/kg). Fertilizers tend to be concentrated in ²³⁸U and depleted in ²²⁶Ra relative to source rocks, while phosphogypsum retains ²²⁶Ra. In a survey of P- and NPK-fertilizers (i.e., fertilizers that contain a mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), we find that fertilizers preserve the U isotope signature of the source phosphate rocks, with δ²³⁸U ranging between -0.28‰ and -0.15‰ for young PRs and -0.70‰ and -0.34‰ for older PRs, which are different from the average continental crust (-0.29‰). Field data from an agricultural research station in North Carolina demonstrate that, despite high U and Ra input rates from P-fertilizer application, surface sandy soils retain little of these radionuclides. Fertilization did not significantly alter soil δ²³⁸U and the U and Ra levels were low, below environmental safety thresholds. These findings highlight the potential of fertilizer-derived radionuclide contamination in adjacent or underlying water resources and offers the δ²³⁸U fingerprints of fertilizers as a potential geochemical tracer for identifying fertilizer-derived U contamination in the environment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of organic pollutants in global mangrove sediments","authors":"Yejiao Sun, Jiangwei Miao, Renjun Huang, Wangqing Tang, Sai Wang, Ping Li, Wei Qian, Jae-Seong Lee, Tuantuan Wang, Xiaoshan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140032","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are one of the most important intertidal ecosystems in the tropics and sub-tropics, with high productivity and biodiversity. However, mangroves are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic organic pollutants. While numerous studies have reported the presence of organic pollutants in mangrove sediments, a comprehensive global synthesis focusing on the occurrence, distribution, and sources of organic pollutants in mangrove ecosystems remains lacking. To bridge these gaps, a systematic review was conducted based on data from 724 sediment samples in 25 mangrove ecosystems worldwide, covering 212 organic pollutants. The results showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), flame retardants (FRs), chlorinated pesticides (CLPs), perfluoroalkyl polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and chlorinated paraffins (CPs) were the main compounds detected in mangrove sediments, with concentrations of 9.37–2435<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g, 0.39–165<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g, 0.04–27<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g, 0.12–31.32<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g, 0.33–10.19<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g and 269–404<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g, respectively. Among all compounds, PAHs and PCBs were the predominant researches focus, while efforts toward detecting emerging pollutants (CPs and PFASs) have increased in recent years. Pollution research showed significant geographical imbalances, with studies in major mangrove-rich regions such as Southeast Asia, West Africa, and Latin America remaining critically underrepresented in the literature. Key environmental factors, such as the total organic carbon content and sediment grain size, influence pollutant behavior in mangrove sediments. Further source analysis showed that organic pollutants originated mainly from industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, the combustion of petroleum and biomass, fishing activities, and petroleum spillage. Moreover, critical research gaps and recommendations for future studies on the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of organic pollution in mangroves were proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this review provides the occurrence, fate, ecological risks, influencing factors and recommendations of organic pollutants in mangrove sediment, offering a theoretical foundation and valuable reference for scientists, policymakers, and environmental managers aiming to develop more effective restoration and conservation techniques for mangrove ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-modified nanoplastics facilitate the dissemination and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes","authors":"Xiaojie Sun, Xue Chen, Jie Ming, Zhiquan Lin, Yue-Zhong Li, Bing-Jie Ni, Shou-Qing Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140036","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution and antibiotic resistance are emerging environmental crises, which pose threat to human and ecology health. Although micro/nano plastics have been found to exacerbate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination, the impacts of differentially surface-modified nanoplastics on ARGs transformation remains unclear. In this study, transformation experiments were performed to elucidate the impacts of surface-modified polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics on ARGs transformation. Compared with pristine PS nanoplastics, carboxyl- and amino-modified PS nanoplastics (10<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L and 100<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L) significantly facilitate the ARG transformation frequency and efficiency. The direct mechanisms were attributed to alternations in cell membrane, including increased cell membrane permeability and pore formation on cell membrane, as well as overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which consequently induced the SOS response. And this was verified by the varied expression levels of related functional genes. Additionally, nanoplastics could inhibit the enzymatic degradation of plasmids, potentially contributing to the persistence of ARGs in environments. These findings suggests that the ecological risks associated with nanoplastics in promoting ARGs dissemination should not be overlooked, since the co-occurrence of ARGs and plastics is pervasive and persistent in diverse habitats.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the adaptation mechanisms of exopolysaccharide-producing Klebsiella pasteurii L72 to Cd2+ exposure","authors":"Zhicheng He, Zhongshun Xu, Longzhan Gan, Haoran Zhang, Yuxin Yang, Xueqian Zhang, Chenglong Li, Chunbo Dong, Xiao Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140026","url":null,"abstract":"Cd²⁺ exposure poses a serious threat to ecological safety and human health. Certain bacterial species can produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) as a strategy for survival in such environments. A new EPS-producing strain was isolated from Cd-contaminated mine soil, exhibiting strong resistance to Cd²⁺ (up to 700<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/mL) and excellent Cd²⁺ removal capacity (79.36% removal at a Cd²⁺ concentration of 200<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/mL), and was identified as <em>Klebsiella pasteurii</em> L72 using genotypic data. It showed a remarkable increase in both EPS yield and uronic acid content under long-term exposure to 100–300<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/mL Cd²⁺ concentrations. Multiple physicochemical analyses revealed that EPS functional groups such as C=O, N–H, and COOH were involved in Cd²⁺ adsorption by forming EPS-metal complexes. Genomic data identified a large number of functional genes related to Cd toxicity resistance and stress response. Transcriptomic profiling further confirmed that an adaptive response to Cd²⁺ up-regulated the expression of genes involved in sulfur metabolism, transmembrane transporters, and EPS synthesis. These results indicate that <em>K. pasteurii</em> L72 cells and EPS can be utilized as complex biosorbents for eliminating Cd²⁺ from polluted environments.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-based spatio-temporal cadmium health risk assessment by rice consumption and management at regional scale in China","authors":"Pengqi Liu, Donghao Xu, Qichao Zhu, Maximilian Posch, Wim de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140030","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in agricultural soils and its transfer to crops pose significant health risks to humans. To identify high-risk areas and guide regional management, this study conducted a spatio–temporal assessment of Cd fluxes and pollution risks in rice systems, based on a systematic 5-year survey (2014–2019) in a typical agricultural county in southern China. The model accurately simulated historical changes in soil total Cd content across 56 paddy sites, with an average annual increase of 3.4<!-- --> <!-- -->μg<!-- --> <!-- -->kg⁻¹. Atmospheric deposition contributed 63% of total soil Cd inputs and crop harvesting accounted for 56% of total outputs, with 25% of the rice area currently exceeding the national food safety standard. If no mitigation measures are taken this area would increase to 74% by 2070, with over 87% of farmlands falling into Cd pollution risk zones. Rice from 52% of the farmlands would pose non–carcinogenic health risks to the surrounding population. The risks are particularly high in the eastern and western regions, with children (56%) being more affected than adults (48%) due to greater Cd intake. To mitigate further Cd pollution, targeted Cd source control areas and improvement of soil properties are essential. The study demonstrates the potential of a site–specific dynamic Cd pollution model to assist decision makers in formulating policies to reduce Cd pollution at regional level.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Lands Cycle-Mediated Inflammation in Living Macrophages Exposed to Label-Free Particulate Matter","authors":"Jeongwon Park, Jueun Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, Su-Hyun Chae, JinO Shin, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Yeongmi Cheon, Youngae Jung, Seul-Ki Mun, Jong-Jin Kim, Sung-Hak Kim, Geum-Sook Hwang, Seongsoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140027","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant of great concern and has severe impacts on human health. Macrophages (Mφ) play a crucial role in the response to PM exposure, as they undergo metabolic reprogramming associated with inflammation. However, upon exposure to PM, the metabolic changes that occur in living Mφ remain unclear. Here, we present evidence that PM activates Lands cycle-mediated inflammatory mechanisms using 3D-holotomography (3D-HT) technique integrated with multi-omics analysis. We show that internalization of PM results in abnormal lipid droplet (LD) dynamics, potentially leading to changes in lipid metabolite levels. Additionally, our multi-omics data reveal that alterations in lipid metabolism mediated by the Lands cycle leads to the increased production of inflammatory lipid mediators, including lysophospholipids, ceramides and sphingomyelin. Furthermore, by performing lipid metabolic imaging in living Mφ, we elucidated changes in the activity of altered lipid metabolism and the spatiotemporal correlation between inflammation and LD dynamics. Our findings suggest that the developed approach can provide a new experimental strategy to identify lipid metabolism biomarkers in living cells upon PM exposure.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Joint Exposure to Air Pollutants and Intrauterine Skeletal Development: Mediating Effect of Placental Metabolome in a Chinese Birth Cohort","authors":"Zhong-Hua Lu, Chong Liu, Chen Tang, Jun-Feng Tan, Hao Chang, Yu-Jie Chen, Guang-Ming Li, Wen-Qing Lu, Yi-Xin Wang, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140025","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence from both epidemiology and toxicology suggests that exposure to individual air pollutant during pregnancy can impair intrauterine skeletal development, but the joint effects of pollutant mixtures and the mediating biological pathways are poorly understood. Within a Chinese birth cohort comprising 470 mother-infant pairs, we investigated the associations between joint exposure to six common air pollutants (fine particulate matter and inhalable particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone) and markers of intrauterine skeletal development (intrauterine femur length and birth length). We further explored the potential mediating role of placental metabolites in these observed associations. Our results show that joint exposure to air pollutants during the third trimester was inversely associated with femur length in utero and birth length, in which PM_2.5 was the primary contributor. Specifically, each quintile increase in the mixture was linked to decreases in femur length (β = -0.08<!-- --> <!-- -->SD; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01) and birth length (β = -0.11<!-- --> <!-- -->SD; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.03). Placental metabolomic analysis identified that arachidonic acid metabolism was significantly linked to both air pollutants and intrauterine skeletal development. Specifically, arachidonic acid-metabolomic score was positively associated with joint exposure to air pollutants but negatively associated with birth length. Prostaglandins, including prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α mediated 4.16-7.24% of the observed inverse associations. Our findings suggest that maternal third trimester joint exposure to air pollutants may adversely affect intrauterine skeletal growth, potentially through disrupting placental arachidonic acid metabolism.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-dependent fortification of rice nodes dictates cadmium fate in grains: A synergistic barrier forged from cell wall and amino acid chelation","authors":"Weijian Wu, Qiao Ma, Linhan Chen, Jing Peng, Ning Xie, Feiyu Zheng, Xiaoyu Tan, Yang Yang, Si Luo, Qingru Zeng, Xiao Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140020","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains is critical for food safety, and nodes function as the central hub regulating Cd translocation to grains. However, the mechanisms for nodal Cd retention and the physiological basis for genotypic variation in this capacity remain unclear. This study investigated the nodal physicochemical characteristics of 11 genotypes (four inbred and seven hybrid) grown in Cd-contaminated fields. Nodes were identified as predominant organs of Cd sequestration in shoots, showing Cd concentrations 9.14–57.55 times higher than in internodes. Such a high retention is attributed to a \"physicochemical synergistic barrier.\" Physically, Cd is sequestered in robust cell walls rich in pectin, hemicellulose, and dense functional groups. Chemically, nodes contain elevated levels of proteins and amino acids (notably aspartate and glutamate), forming an intracellular chemical barrier. Crucially, the efficacy of the barrier is genotype-dependent: in inbred rice, it functions as the rate-limiting step for Cd translocation, whereas in hybrid rice, the barrier is less restrictive despite substantial Cd sequestration. This study establishes the nodal physicochemical barrier as the core Cd retention mechanism, demonstrating that its genotype-dependent efficacy significantly contributes to the differences in grain Cd accumulation. Consequently, this research provides novel physiological targets for breeding low-Cd rice varieties.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}