Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Particle and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) concentrations from Different Types of Fire Extinguishers","authors":"Myoungho Lee, Perng -Jy Tsai, Chungsik Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138776","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as \"forever chemicals,\" have garnered significant attention due to their persistence and potential health risks. PFAS has been continuously used due to its ability to enhance the performance of fire extinguishers. This study aimed to identify the emission rates and airborne distribution of particles and PFAS released during the use of three types of fire extinguishers: powder, halon, and foam. Real-time particle measurements were conducted using an optical particle spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer, while PFAS and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) samples were collected at a flow rate of 2.0 LPM for 4<!-- --> <!-- -->hr. Total particle emissions followed the order of powder &gt; foam &gt; halon, with the highest emission rate observed in the powder-type extinguisher (588.6 ± 9.3 × 10⁴ particles/min). The emission factor was also highest in the powder type, reaching 48.9 ± 1.8 × 10² particles/g. Additionally, the total PFAS concentration reached 70.2 ± 1.0<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/m³ (<em>p</em>&lt;0.01) in foam type, surpassing levels reported in landfills and electronic waste sites. Given the potential risks associated with direct exposure to airborne particles and PFAS during fire extinguisher use, the use of personal protective equipment is strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of pesticide runoff at the global scale and its key influencing factors","authors":"Wanting Li, Xinping Mao, Wenjing Deng, Shiliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138783","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of pesticide loss in runoff water is a critical step in quantifying pesticide pollution potential and risks. Herein, we compiled a global database and developed a machine learning model to predict the runoff loss of 92 widely used pesticides at the global scale. We found that the pesticide runoff loss rates were mostly influenced by soil properties and rainfall volume. The predicted runoff loss rate of very mobile (VM) and nonmobile (NM) pesticides varied with latitude. Moreover, 2.30% and 0.55% of the global agricultural area were classified as “High potential” for pollution caused by VM and slightly mobile (SM) pesticides, respectively, according to the high water risk and high runoff loss of pesticides. The pollutions potential of mobile (M), moderately mobile (MM), and NM pesticides were classified as “Medium and low potential” worldwide. Among the “High potential” areas of VM and SM pesticide pollution, there were 24.36% and 42.42% area in low-income and lower middle–income nations, which can cause more serious pesticide pollution problem due to their backward agricultural management strategies and agricultural infrastructure construction. We identified eastern and southern Asia (China, India, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan) and southern Europe (mainly Ukraine, Spain, and Italy) as high-risk regions of pesticide contamination. This study is the first to predict the runoff loss of pesticides at a global scale.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TSC2/mTORC1 integrates deoxynivalenol signals recognized by membrane receptors IR and EGFR to restrict intestinal stem cell function","authors":"Cai-xia Dou, Hao-zhan Qu, Ying-chao Qin, Xiao-fan Wang, Hui-chao Yan, Run-sheng Li, Yu-guang Zhao, Jia-yi Zhou, Xiu-qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138769","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a chemically stable mycotoxin with a slow natural degradation rate. Consumption of DON-contaminated food and feed poses significant health risks to human and livestock, leading to reduced productivity and substantial economic losses. The functionality of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are compromised following sustained intracellular deoxynivalenol (DON) stress. Yet, it remains unclear how membrane receptors integrate extracellular DON to impair orderly ISC fate commitments. Here, we found that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), as well as its upstream signaling pathways such as insulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt (PI3K/Akt), are involved in DON restraining ISC proliferation and differentiation to disrupt piglet jejunal epithelial structural integrity through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Using the <em>ex vivo</em> porcine intestinal organoid and in vitro IPEC-J2 cell line, we identified that mTORC1 activation and tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) knockout could repair DON-induced ISC injury. Furthermore, DON repressed the TSC2/mTORC1 upstream membrane receptors insulin receptor (IR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); conversely, overexpression of IR or EGFR, especially co-overexpression of both, maintained the ISC regeneration in the presence of DON. Importantly, exothermic reactions between DON and the extracellular domains of IR/EGFR monitored by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed a composite response consisting of DON recruitment and IR/EGFR conformational dynamics. Therefore, we have ascertained that the extracellular DON regulates intracellular TSC2/mTORC1 activity to restrict ISC function through the interaction with membrane receptors IR and EGFR.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomics: An Emerging Tool in Aquatic Toxicology Research","authors":"Waqas Waqas, Ye Yuan, Yongcheng Xue, Liyun Wang, Yongyi Chen, Jiajia Zhang, Tariq Dildar, Mhd Ikhwanuddin, Hongyu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138777","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous contamination of aquatic ecosystems due to a wide range of chemicals potentially threatens aquatic organisms’ physiological integrity. While the conventional ecotoxicological methods mainly focused on gene and protein level effects, shreds of evidence suggest that lipid homeostasis is more sensitive and critical to contaminant exposure. This review highlights the role of lipidomics in aquatic toxicology, addressing how contaminants—heavy metals, nanoparticles, plastics, flame retardants, and pesticides—alter lipid composition and metabolic pathways through the induction of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). By synthesizing the latest advancements, we underscore the utility of untargeted lipidomics, particularly ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-based techniques, in discovering early biomarkers of exposure and effect. Furthermore, we explore the potential of integrating lipidomics with transcriptomics and proteomics to construct a comprehensive mechanistic framework for contaminant-induced toxicity. This appraisal not only consolidates current knowledge but also identifies critical gaps, advocating for developing lipid-based biomarkers to strengthen environmental monitoring and risk assessment strategies. Our findings align with the broader goal of conserving aquatic biodiversity and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems against escalating chemical stressors.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"82 1","pages":"138777"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the intricate microbial responses and potential degraders of p-chloro-m-xylenol in marine sediments","authors":"Jia Shi, Liang Zhao, Minghao Fan, Jingwen Yao, Jingwei Wang, Dan Xu, Qiao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138785","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of <em>p</em>-chloro-<em>m</em>-xylenol (PCMX) as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent raises concerns about its ecological risks in ecosystems. While prior studies focused on activated sludge systems, the impacts of PCMX on marine systems remain unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the responses of marine sediment communities to PCMX (0.005–50<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L) exposure through integrated enzymatic assays, multi-omics, and enrichment culture approaches. High PCMX exposure (50<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L) significantly suppressed dehydrogenase (63.8%) and protease (53.8%) activity, reduced microbial diversity, and inhibited nutrient cycling and ATP production. Meanwhile, antibiotic resistance genes associated with efflux pumps were enriched. Metagenomic analysis revealed upregulated aromatic degradation pathways and stress-response mechanisms (e.g., chemotaxis and biofilm formation) under PCMX stress. A halotolerant marine consortium enriched from high-PCMX sediments demonstrated efficient PCMX degradation (50<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L, 72<!-- --> <!-- -->h) across broad salinity (1.5–5.5% NaCl) and temperature (25–40°C) ranges, with metabolite profiling suggesting <em>ortho</em>-cleavage pathways. This work underscores the need for regulatory measures to mitigate the ecological risks posed by PCMX in marine ecosystems, while simultaneously demonstrating the remediation potential of a halotolerant microbial consortium for remediating contaminated environments.<h3>Environmental Implications</h3>The ubiquitous discharge of PCMX poses an underregulated yet critical threat to ecosystems. Elevated concentrations of PCMX trigger cascading ecological perturbations, including the suppression of enzymatic activities, reduction in microbial diversity, selective enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes, and disruption of carbon/nitrogen cycling as well as energy production in marine sediment systems. Importantly, the developed microbial consortium demonstrates robust PCMX degradation efficacy across fluctuating conditions, facilitating scalable <em>in situ</em> bioremediation. Collectively, these findings highlight the urgent need for regulations on PCMX discharge, systematic ecotoxicity monitoring, and the advancement of nature-based solutions to enhance coastal ecosystem resilience.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational zone-based assessment of metal contamination and long-term leaching predictions for active smelting site management","authors":"Hosub Lee, Seulki Jeong, Jinsung An, Juyong Bak, Chaeyoung Kim, Kyoungphile Nam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138772","url":null,"abstract":"Smelting operations release metals into the environment, yet assessment of their dynamic contamination patterns and long-term leaching behavior at active facilities remains limited. This study examines the long-term leaching behavior of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from contaminated soils at an active smelting site in South Korea. The investigation was conducted through a systematic analysis of 11 operational zones. A simplified model incorporating soil- and site-specific parameters was employed to predict the 30-year cumulative metal leaching mass (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=\"italic\" is=\"true\"&gt;yr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.548ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 2081.1 1096.9\" width=\"4.833ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(440,-150)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-33\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(874,0)\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-79\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" x=\"490\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-72\" y=\"0\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"italic\"&gt;yr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;30&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=\"italic\" is=\"true\"&gt;yr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Total metal concentrations varied significantly across sites, and sequential extraction revealed that the metals were predominantly associated with Fe/Mn oxides and residual fractions (Cd: 50–88%; Zn: 83–96%). Column leaching experiments demonstrated that leaching was pH-dependent and influenced by CaO content. The model and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that leaching behavior was governed by zone-specific parameters rather than solely by the total metal content, identifying distinct leaching mechanisms: (1) infiltration-controlled zones (wastewater treatment, smelting, and sulfuric acid processing facilities) with Fe/Mn oxide-bound fractions and (2) mass-controlled zones (groundwater discharge areas and roasting operations) dominated by ","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks (MOF-74) show distinct bio-effects to nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii","authors":"Fangshi Liu, Hongtao Wang, Ziqi Tang, Hua Chen, Yue Yuan, Qinmei Zhong, Xian Wu, Sheng-Tao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138779","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic framework (MOF) has been widely applied in many fields with unique structures and fantastic properties. Previous studies indicated that the toxicity of MOFs was determined by the metal centers. However, the distinct bio-effects of MOF materials in comparison with their central metals remained unknown. Therefore, four MOF-74 materials were synthesized using Co, Ni, Cu and Mg as central metals with the same organic ligands for toxicity evaluations on the nitrogen-fixing bacterium <em>Azotobacter vinelandii</em>. Mg-MOF-74 slightly stimulated the bacterial growth, while Co/Ni/Cu-MOF-74 materials inhibited the growth of <em>A. vinelandii</em> with higher concentrations. Particularly, free ions of Mg, Co and Cu showed higher toxicity than Mg/Co/Cu-MOF-74, but Ni²⁺ and Ni-MOF-74 had similar inhibition effects. Mg-MOF-74 had slight impact on physiological growth and metabolism pathways of <em>A. vinelandii</em>. Ni-MOF-74 and Cu-MOF-74 inhibited the nitrogen fixation process and down-regulated genes in glycolysis and regulation of organelle organization of <em>A. vinelandii</em>. Surprisingly, Co-MOF-74 enhanced the nitrogen fixation process by upregulating the ATP generation and metabolic process, organonitrogen compound metabolic process, oxidative phosphorylation and catalytic activity to supply adequate energy for nitrogen fixation process. Additionally, the released Co²⁺ from Co-MOF-74 synthesized cobalamin intracellularly to promote the electron transfer in nitrogen fixation process.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing Toughness and Accelerating In-Outdoor Degradation of PLA Films with Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals to Enhance Agricultural Practices","authors":"Haicheng Huang, Chaopei Chen, Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim, Yuheng Liu, Kaiwei Chen, Sherif Mehanny, Hou-Yong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138738","url":null,"abstract":"Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in crop protection but faces challenges such as low toughness and unpredictable degradation rates. This study addresses these limitations by developing a green and durable mulch film incorporating citric acid-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CA-CNC) as an interfacial compatibilizer in PLA. Adding CA-CNC enhances the orientation of PLA molecular chains, thereby improving tensile ductility. Specifically, incorporating 5% CA-CNC significantly increased tensile strength by 28.2%, while toughness surged by 190.1%. Mulch films were subjected to indoor UV light and outdoor degradation in soil and cultivation environments (using soybean as a case study) to explore degradation mechanisms. Notably, the mulch film with 5% CA-CNC completely fragmented after 140 days of soil degradation, representing a higher degradation rate of 31.9%. Meanwhile, the degradation rates observed after 90 days of outdoor cultivation environment degradation (9.8%) and 30 days of indoor UV degradation (2.8%) exhibit distinctions compared to outdoor soil degradation. Further analyses of changes in the physicochemical properties of mulch film confirmed the degradation mechanisms. This study provides valuable insights for estimating short-term indoor and long-term outdoor degradation of mulch films, underlining their significance in sustainable agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pools: A critical review to prioritize commonly occurring species and influencing factors","authors":"Ghulam Hussain, Haroon R. Mian, Kasun Hewage, Andrea J. MacNeill, Rehan Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138739","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the reported occurrence of several disinfection by-products (DBPs) in swimming pools, it is challenging to identify important DBP species due to strewn and conflicting information about their occurrence and importance in the literature. There is a need to provide clear direction and decisive information to support regulators' and pool facilities' efforts to control DBPs. In this review, alongside providing detailed occurrence data, we have developed a novel prioritization approach to classify DBPs as <em>Tier-1</em> (<em>critical</em> priority), <em>Tier-2</em> (<em>medium</em> priority), and <em>Tier-3</em> (<em>low</em>-priority) DBPs in chlorinated indoor swimming pools (ISPs). After compiling an exhaustive database of published literature on chlorinated ISPs, DBP species were evaluated on a defined scoring system based on their occurrence (concentration levels and reported frequency) and toxicity. The normalized aggregated scores from these criteria were used to prioritize the DBPs. The DBPs identified as <em>Tier-1</em> species with the highest occurrence and potential toxicity include Trichloromethane (TCM), Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA). Respectively, ten DBP species were identified in <em>Tier-2</em> and fifteen in <em>Tier-3</em>. Implications of the prioritization results for regulatory agencies, pool facilities, and researchers have been provided. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the available studies, that described the correlation of water quality and pool operational factors with <em>Tier-1</em> DBPs, was carried out. The identified <em>critical</em> factors include the number of swimmers, free residual chlorine, disinfection methods, total organic carbon (TOC), and temperature. These factors can be used to control the formation of DBPs and reduce the associated risk, especially for <em>Tier-1</em> species.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient simultaneous degradation and dechlorination of Chlorophenylacetonitrile by vacuum ultraviolet-sulfite advanced reduction system","authors":"Feifei Wang, Haiting Zhang, Weiran Qin, Chiquan He, Sung Kyu Maeng, Jan Hofman, Wenhai Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138768","url":null,"abstract":"Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlor(am)inated drinking water and wastewater pose risks to human health and ecological safety. Studies on the degradation of the formed DBPs, especially aromatic DBPs, are quite limited. Recently, advanced reduction processes (ARPs), generating highly reactive reductive radicals to break the carbon-halogen bonds, as an emerging technology for refractory organic compound degradation has attracted attention. This study, for the first time, explored the degradation of a representative nitrogenous and aromatic DBP, 2-chlorophenylacetonitrile (2-CPAN), by VUV/UV/sulfite-based ARP system, and investigated the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors. The results demonstrated that VUV/UV/sulfite process achieved over 98.6% and 86.8% degradation of 2-CPAN from tap water and wastewater within 60<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes although inorganic ions existing in real waters slightly inhibited its degradation, highlighting its potential for practical application in real waters. Due to VUV direct photolysis and the generation of more reactive species, VUV/UV/sulfite exhibited superior performance in 2-CPAN degradation (98%) than UV/sulfite (81%). Furthermore, VUV/UV/sulfite process maintained a stable degradation efficiency across a wide range of pH (5-11) and sulfite dosages (0.25-5.0<!-- --> <!-- -->mM), and achieved 90% degradation even under oxic conditions. Mechanism studies confirmed the presence of hydrated electrons (e⁻_aq), hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals in VUV/UV/sulfite system, with e⁻_aq identified as the primary contributor to 2-CPAN degradation. Chlorine in 2-CPAN was primarily released as chloride ions, achieving 94% dehalogenation within 15<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes. The above findings revealed that VUV/UV/sulfite could be a promising technology for aromatic DBP degradation in real waters.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}