Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Insights into ROL-driven and ROS-mediated metalloid oxidation and sequestration in the soil-rice iron barrier system","authors":"Jing-Min Yang, Xin Wang, Dong-Xing Guan, Rui Huang, Xiong-Hui Ji, Yun-He Xie, Bo Peng, Qin-Bo Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138718","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by radial oxygen loss (ROL) function in arsenic (As) remediation through soil-rice iron barriers. Using high- and low-ROL rice varieties combined with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and steel slag amendments, As transformation pathways at soil-root interfaces were examined. ZVI increased soil amorphous Fe content by 22.8%–49.3% and iron plaque Fe by 59.9%, while steel slag increased iron plaque weakly crystalline Fe by 62.4%. Despite higher ROL, minimal As(III) oxidation occurred in rhizosphere compared to bulk soil due to counteracting effects of Fe(III)-reducing bacterial activity. However, substantial oxidation occurred on root surfaces, with As(V)/total As proportion reaching 59.3%–74.3%, attributed to hydroxyl radical accumulation driven by iron plaque thickening and amorphous Fe enrichment. <em>In situ</em> visualization using ROS-capturing membranes confirmed strong ROS accumulation specifically at root surfaces with negligible signals in surrounding soil. Path analysis established a positive relationship between hydroxyl radical production and As(V) proportion at iron plaque interfaces (path coefficient = 0.74, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), which indirectly reduced grain inorganic As. These findings elucidate the critical role of localized ROS processes in As immobilization and provide a mechanistic foundation for developing effective rhizosphere-targeted remediation strategies in contaminated paddy systems.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a PMF+BMR hybrid model for source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metal(loid)s","authors":"Jiaheng Wu, Huijuan Wang, Zilin Han, Yilan Shu, Xinmiao Huang, Qicheng Zhong, Rongxi Li, Zhengqiu Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138734","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological risks associated with soil heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) have attracted widespread attention. Identifying pollution sources and quantifying their contributions are essential for effective management. In this study, 229 topsoil samples were collected from Chongming Island (China) to investigate the pollution levels, sources, and ecological risks of eight HMs. Results showed that, except for As and Hg, the concentrations of six HMs exceeded their background values, and Risk Quotient (<em>RQ</em>) analysis indicated that Ni posed the highest ecological risks. Compared with the single PMF model, the PMF+BMR hybrid receptor model improved the average R² value of source apportionment from 0.45 to 0.70 (an increase of approximately 55.6%), notably enhancing the fits for Zn, Pb, and Cu. The hybrid model identified three primary sources: atmospheric deposition (22.2%), river scour and sediment deposition (46.8%), and agricultural pollution (31.0%), with river scour and sediment deposition contributing 54.6% to high-risk zones. Additionally, Getis–Ord Gi* hotspot analysis delineated four high-risk zones in the northwest. Overall, this study improved the traditional PMF method by embedding the factors extracted with PMF as priors in BMR, which provided a new reference for realizing more accurate source analysis and risk assessment of soil HMs.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus enrichment altering the effects of antimony on cyanobacteria: Environmental implications for bloom management in surface waters","authors":"Xinyu Guo, Zhibao Liu, Hui Chen, Yuqi Zhu, Yaopeng Zhang, Fang Li, Chunyan Ma, Chensi Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138717","url":null,"abstract":"The coexistence of antimony (Sb) contamination from textile industries and phosphorus (P) enrichment poses a significant yet understudied threat to aquatic ecosystems. This study elucidates how P availability determines Sb toxicity in cyanobacteria. Under P-deficient conditions (0 and 3.0<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L), Sb (50<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L) consistently inhibited <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. growth (by 29.5% and 14.1%, respectively) over 144<!-- --> <!-- -->h. While, at optimal and high P levels (5.4 and 9.0<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L), <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. cells exhibited initial inhibition followed by growth promotion (by 18.8% and 38.7%, respectively). Mechanistically, P-deficient cells accumulated 3.7-fold more Sb, developed severe SOD/CAT imbalance (5.2-fold increase and 44.9% decrease), and showed substantially higher ROS levels despite rapid initial Sb(III) oxidation. These divergent physiological responses were underpinned by distinct molecular adaptations. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that P-sufficient cells strategically upregulated sulfate transporters while downregulating phosphate transporters (pstS/pstC/pstA) to minimize Sb uptake, exhibited balanced redox regulation, and maintained efficient electron transport chains. In contrast, P-deficient cells upregulated emergency stress responses (flavodoxin FldA) but failed to maintain effective metal transport regulation. This study establishes nutrient status as a key determinant of Sb toxicity, demonstrating that eutrophication transforms Sb from an inhibitor to a promoter, with implications for cyanobacterial bloom management.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressed lattice oxygen mobility on Ag/FeOx catalyst enhances the sulfur selectivity of H2S selective oxidation","authors":"Jia-nan Gu, Jianxing Liang, Lijun Wang, Yixin Xue, Kan Li, Mingming Guo, Tonghua Sun, Jinping Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138714","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of lattice oxygen mobility on metal oxide-based catalysts holds great significance for balancing the conversion and selectivity in the selective catalytic oxidation of H₂S (H₂S-SCO). Herein, we successfully suppress the lattice oxygen mobility of iron oxide-based catalyst via Ag loading to realize the high H₂S removal effect and high sulfur selectivity simultaneously. The Ag-loaded FeO_x catalyst synthesized by simple precipitation and impregnation method exhibits an outstanding sulfur capacity of 3344.9 mgS g_cat^-1 and a high sulfur selectivity of 93.0% at 120 °C, which is superior to those of FeO_x catalyst (771.1 mgS g_cat^-1 and 86.4%). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) characterization results reveal that the bond energy of Fe-O is enhanced via Ag loading, resulting in the reduced lattice oxygen mobility. Furthermore, oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O₂-TPD) result shows that the amount of lattice oxygen is decreased after Ag loading. These regulations of lattice oxygen prevent the over-oxidation of H₂S and improve sulfur selectivity, thereby delaying the catalyst poisoning and prolonging the lifespan of catalyst. Meanwhile, the Ag loading reduces the alkaline environment on the catalyst surface, which avoids the accumulation of sulfur. This work provides a new insight into designing desulfurizers with high conversion and selectivity for H₂S-SCO process.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting effect of polylactic acid biodegradable plastic on denitrification and co-metabolic degradation of quinoline","authors":"Yanan Lu, Yanxu Lin, Wenxi Jiang, Sijie Jiang, Yingjie Liu, Shumiao Zhao, Jinlong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138721","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoline is a typical refractory nitrogen heterocyclic organic matter found in industrial wastewater. Our previous studies have shown that poly lactic acid (PLA) could increase the abundance of denitrifying microorganisms in the short term, based on which we hypothosized that they could improve the anaerobic degradation efficiency of quinoline by enhancing the denitrification co-metabolism process. To test this hypothesis, we explored the performance of PLA and magnetically modified PLA (Fe₃O₄@PLA) fillers in enhancing the anaerobic degradation of quinoline. The results showed that PLA significantly improved the degradation rate of quinoline at concentrations of 50<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L, 100<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L, and 150<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L, and Fe₃O₄@PLA exhibited the optimal promoting effect with a quinoline degradation rate of 94.84%, 88.63%, and 82.09%, respectively. The abundance of denitrifying <em>nirS</em> gene was significantly higher in wastewater added with PLA and Fe₃O₄@PLA than in the control group, which was 6.07±0.08×10⁷ copies/g and 3.20±1.22×10⁸ copies/g; 1.36±0.06×10¹¹ copies/g and 1.48 ±0.03×10¹¹ copies/g; 2.61±0.72×10⁷ copies/g and 8.22±0.58×10⁷ copies/g at above-mentioned 3 quinoline concentrations, respectively, indicating that these two fillers enhanced the denitrification process, thereby improving the anaerobic degradation of quinoline. This study confirms that PLA can significantly improve the degradation of quinoline, and our findings expand the application fields of biodegradable plastics.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate esters and their transformation products in megacity atmospheres: size-dependent gas-particle partitioning and transformation potential","authors":"Chun-Xue Tang, Min-Qi Tang, Chen-Chou Wu, Cheng Li, Ming-Hong Cai, Lian-Jun Bao, Eddy Y. Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138708","url":null,"abstract":"The size-dependent gas-particle partitioning of transformation products (TPs) from organophosphate esters (OPEs) and the transform potential for OPEs to TPs in ambient atmosphere remain under-investigated. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed gaseous and size-fractionated particle samples collected from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in China under different meteorological conditions. The concentrations of OPE were comparable to those in other major cities worldwide, but the levels of TPs were lower than those in these cities. The Li-Ma-Yang model predicted well the size-fractionated gas-particle partition coefficients (<em>K</em>_p) of OPEs and TPs with log <em>K</em>_OA &gt; 9.1. Multiple linear regression model incorporating humidity narrowed the gap between predicted and observed <em>K</em>_p of OPEs with log <em>K</em>_OA &lt; 9.1, but still underestimated the <em>K</em>_p values. Hence, humidity-dependent water film adsorption and transformation of these OPEs should be included in future gas-particle partition modeling, especially in fine particles. Size distributions in concentration ratios of nine pairs of OPE to TP were not unified. Temperature exhibited negative effects on gas-particle partitioning of TPs, and inhibited the transformation of tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) to bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) to 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4-OH-DPhP) in the particulate phase. Gaseous TPs contributed more to the human inhalation health risks of OPEs than particle-bound TPs. These findings are significant for comprehending the fate of atmospheric TPs in urban environment.<h3>Environmental implication</h3>Transformation products (TPs) of organophosphate esters (OPEs) exhibit comparable or even enhanced toxicity relative to OPEs, but their atmospheric behavior remains incompletely understood. In the present study, gaseous and size-fractionated particulate samples were collected in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou to explore the gas-particle partitioning behavior of TPs and their transformation potential from OPEs. Results indicated that humidity influenced the gas-particle partitioning behavior of compounds with log <em>K</em>_OA &lt; 9.1, especially in fine particles. The transformation potentials of individual OPE and its TP were size-dependent. These findings are significant to comprehending the fates of OPEs and TPs in urban atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Profiles in Primary and Secondary Landfill Leachates: Indications of Transformation, Liner Interactions, and other PFAS Sources","authors":"Nicole M. Robey, Yalan Liu, Thabet M. Tolaymat, John A. Bowden, Helena Solo-Gabriele, Timothy G. Townsend","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138705","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a growing concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and continued widespread use in consumer products. PFAS disposed of in landfills are emitted to the environment via leachate, which drives a need to better understand PFAS behavior in landfills and landfill liner systems. This study examines PFAS concentrations in primary and secondary leachate from three municipal solid waste landfills utilizing double HDPE geomembrane liner systems. Samples were also analyzed for physical-chemical constituents such as chloride, ammonia, chemical oxygen demand, and metals. On average, physical-chemical parameter concentrations were significantly lower in the secondary compared to the primary leachate, although PFAS concentrations were not significantly different between leachate sources. Concentrations of chloride in groundwater and primary leachate were used to calculate expected PFAS concentrations in the secondary leachate. PFAS concentrations in secondary leachate were often higher than expected, with PFAAs more likely to exceed expected levels. Of the 92 PFAS analyzed, 50 were quantified in primary leachates and 48 in secondary leachates. The ∑PFAS concentrations in primary leachate ranged from 3,200-81,000 ngL⁻¹, and secondary leachate ranged from 3,300-96,000 ngL⁻¹. Possible explanations for the disproportionately high PFAS concentrations in secondary leachates, including residence time, transformation, liner sorption, and other PFAS sources (e.g., landfill gas) are explored. While liner systems are highly effective, PFAS migration through landfill liners and potential groundwater impacts remain a concern. This study underscores the importance of continued research into PFAS migration mechanisms and the potential environmental impacts of unidentified precursor PFAS in landfills.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the geochemical behaviors of rare earth elements (REEs) in Chinese drinking natural mineral waters: Environmental and health perspectives","authors":"Yifu Xu, Yuanchuan Li, Ping Wang, Chen Feng, Shiyu Cao, Jiangshan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138731","url":null,"abstract":"As living standards and consumption habits advance, natural mineral water consumption has become an essential part of daily life for Chinese citizens. Rare earth elements (REEs), emerging as a novel class of environmental contaminants, hold significant implications for human health. Considering the profound impact of drinking water consumption on human health, this study comprehensively investigated the geochemical behaviors of REEs and the health risks associated with REEs exposure in 30 natural mineral water samples from across China. Total REEs concentrations varied from 0.02<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L to 3.60<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L, mainly due to water-rock interactions, with igneous waters having higher levels. The waters showed a left-leaning REEs pattern, enriched in heavy REEs (HREEs, Gd to Lu), a positive europium (Eu) anomaly, and a negative cerium (Ce) anomaly, distinct from other water types. No environmental contamination from mining or domestic sewage was found in the formation and production processes. Health risk assessments revealed estimated daily intake (EDI) values were below safety thresholds for all populations, though long-term risks, especially for children, need attention. The study provides crucial data on REEs' geochemical behaviors in natural mineral water, vital for food safety and clarifying actual production processes.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution levels, distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in road dust in major cities of China","authors":"Naibing Liang, Chengbin Zhang, Yuying Zhang, Nan Jiang, Jiajia Yang, Ningbo Geng, Ruiqin Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Jiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138733","url":null,"abstract":"Trace metals in road dust are crucial risk factors for human health. However, comprehensive study on a large spatial scale is scarce, resulting in risk assessments that lack representativeness. This study conducts a comprehensive investigation on the pollution characteristics of 18 heavy metals (HMs) in road dust collected from 47 megacities in China. The average concentration of HMs in capital cities is higher than that in non-capital cities. Fe and Al are the dominant elements in road dust, and nine HMs exceeded the background values of Chinese soil, implying the impact of human activities. Enrichment factor, pollution index, and geo-accumulation Index revealed high pollution levels of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Severe pollution of HMs was observed in the eastern coastal and southwestern regions. The contribution rates of natural sources, industrial sources, and traffic sources to the accumulation of heavy metals in dust for capital cities and non-capital cities are 50%, 33%, and 17%, and 58%, 27%, and 15%, respectively. The ecological risk assessment underscored Cd as a metal of significant concern due to its toxicity and persistence. This study represents the first nationwide investigation on metals in road dust across China. The results of their levels, geographical distribution, and associated health risks provide a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant environmental policies.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Ecological Risk Assessment of Dioxins in Aquatic Environments: AHR Diversity and Species Sensitivity Differences in Tiger Puffer (Takifugu rubripes)","authors":"Zhenhong Xue, Wanglong Zhang, Anran Ren, Sibel I. Karchner, Diana G. Franks, Yanjiao Zong, Yongchao Ma, Jiayi Wang, Yiqin Xu, Jiaming Li, Ning Ding, Chunchen Liu, Mark E. Hahn, Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138719","url":null,"abstract":"Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) exert toxicity through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), but species variations in AHR lead to differing sensitivities. Investigating the variation in AHR homolog diversity, expression levels, predominant forms, and AHR sensitivity across species—particularly in fish sensitive to dioxins—is essential for enhancing ecological risk assessment. This study focuses on the tiger puffer (<em>Takifugu rubripes</em>), identifying five AHRs and two ARNTs, with truAHR2a showing the highest expression and the truAHR1 subfamily displaying lower levels. All truAHRs are functional and can be activated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxin (TCDD), with truARNT1 cooperating more efficiently with truAHRs than truARNT2. We determined EC₅₀ values for truAHR1a (0.30±0.10<!-- --> <!-- -->nM), truAHR1b (0.32±0.20<!-- --> <!-- -->nM), truAHR2a (0.98±0.63<!-- --> <!-- -->nM), truAHR2b (2.62±2.48<!-- --> <!-- -->nM), and truAHR2c (0.43±0.22<!-- --> <!-- -->nM), with truAHR1a showing the highest sensitivity. The truAHR1 subfamily displayed greater sensitivity than the truAHR2 subfamily, contrasting with medaka and zebrafish, where AHR2 is similar to or more sensitive than AHR1. Comparisons highlighted species- and subform-specific sensitivities in AHRs, differing by one to two orders of magnitude. Ligand-binding assays showed that all truAHRs bound [³H]TCDD specifically. Molecular docking indicated that although TCDD binds AHRs with similar affinities and conserved residues, other subform-specific factors likely contribute to their differential sensitivities. This study provides valuable data on AHR diversity and ligand-sensitivity, contributing to ecological toxicity assessment of dioxin-like compounds.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}