Zhen-Ying Li, You-Wei Cui, Hui-Kai Liang, Hui-Juan Yan, Rui-Chun Yang
{"title":"Tetracycline degradation by a mixed culture of halotolerant fungi-bacteria under static magnetic field: Mechanism and antibiotic resistance genes transfer","authors":"Zhen-Ying Li, You-Wei Cui, Hui-Kai Liang, Hui-Juan Yan, Rui-Chun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138181","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient antibiotics removal lowers the transmission risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, low efficiency limits the application of biological methods for antibiotics removal. Herein, a mixed culture of halotolerant fungi-bacteria was used for treatment of saline wastewater containing tetracycline (TC). Furthermore, static magnetic field (SMF) was used to increase TC removal. The study examined the effectiveness of SMF in removing antibiotics from saline wastewater and the associated risk of ARGs transmission. The results demonstrated that the application of a 40 mT SMF significantly improved the TC removal efficiency by 37.09%, compared to the control (SMF=0) The TC was mainly removed through biodegradation and adsorption. In biodegradation, SMF enhanced electron transport system activity, and activities of lignin-degrading enzymes which led to higher TC biodegradation. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde decreased, lowering the damage of microbial cell membranes by TC. During the adsorption process, higher generation of extracellular polymeric substances was observed under SMF, which caused an increase in TC removal via adsorption. Microbial community analysis revealed that SMF facilitated the enrichment of TC-degrading microorganisms. Under SMF, vertical gene transfer of ARGs increased, while horizontal gene transfer risk decreased due to a reduction in mobile genetic elements (intl1) abundance. This study demonstrates that SMF is a promising strategy for enhancing TC removal efficiency, providing a basis for improved antibiotic wastewater management.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrative Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Convergent Toxicological Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Human Liver: Evidence from Multiple Models","authors":"Renjun Yang, Nuoya Yin, Francesco Faiola","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138112","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate are well-known eight-carbon per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (8C-PFAS) potentially toxic for the human liver. However, direct experimental evidence demonstrating their toxicity on the human liver remains limited. Consequently, this study aimed to extrapolate the 8C-PFAS liver toxicity mechanisms by leveraging omics data to integrate mouse and human findings. Through integration analyses of nine datasets (one human, six murine, and two rat), we identified 199 genes with known biological functions that are commonly affected by 8C-PFAS across species. We delineated a comprehensive regulatory network of 8C-PFAS toxicity, demonstrating that 8C-PFAS may trigger fatty liver disease by up-regulating <em>CD36</em> and PPARα pathway; dysregulate xenobiotic metabolism by disrupting <em>CAR</em> and <em>CYP</em> family genes; and induce cancer by dysregulating WNT, TGFβ, FGF21, and P53 pathways. We also identified <em>ATF3</em>, <em>EGR1</em>, <em>ESR1</em>, <em>NFATC4</em>, <em>SNAI2</em>, <em>TP53</em>, and <em>EZH2</em> as transcriptionally regulated by 8C-PFAS, along with PPARα, RXRα, FGFR1, TCF3, and SMAD3 as potentially functionally impacted. Collectively, these factors account for over 90% of 8C-PFAS-affected key genes. This study not only developed a novel method for extrapolating human toxicity risks by integrating scattered toxicity evidence based on transcriptomics data, but also proposes new mechanisms by which 8C-PFAS contributes to fatty liver disease and cancer.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I.A. Leitão, L. van Schaik, D. Goossens, A.J.D. Ferreira, V. Geissen
{"title":"Estimating the emission of microplastics from urban surfaces into the atmosphere using the PI-SWERL","authors":"I.A. Leitão, L. van Schaik, D. Goossens, A.J.D. Ferreira, V. Geissen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138170","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) are a global concern, with the atmosphere being a key pathway for their transport. Understanding their sources is crucial for controlling MP dispersion. This study examines MPs on urban surfaces and their transport through wind erosion using a Portable In Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) under two wind shear conditions. Material was collected in Coimbra, Portugal, from fourteen locations associated with different land uses. MPs number and types were determined with a stereomicroscope and micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (μ-FTIR), respectively. MP concentrations in soils ranged from 16 ± 4 particles•g<sup>-1</sup> to 327 ± 494 particles•g<sup>-1</sup>. Emission fluxes ranged from 5 ± 1 particles•m<sup>-2</sup>•s<sup>-1</sup> to 28 ± 4 particles•m<sup>-2</sup>•s<sup>-1</sup>, higher than previous reports. At 4000 revolutions per minute (RPM), enrichment ratio was 3 ± 17 MPs, and at 6000 RPM, 2 ± 6 MPs. A light wind can erode a significant amount of MPs. Light density MPs smaller than 200 μm eroded more easily. Emissions were highest on asphalt (22 ± 9.5 particles•m<sup>-2</sup>•s<sup>-1</sup>) and lowest on grass (8 ± 8.25 particles•m<sup>-2</sup>•s<sup>-1</sup>). Grass may help control MP dispersion. These findings can inform MP transport models and policies to mitigate contamination.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Key Genes and Microbial Ecological Clusters Involved in Organophosphate Ester Degradation in Agricultural Fields of a Typical Watershed in Southwest China","authors":"Yu Cheng, Xuehao Zheng, Yukun Jiang, Qiang Xiao, Qing Luo, Yongzhen Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138076","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, and they have raised global concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. However, OPE contamination characteristics and microbial degradation mechanisms in agricultural soils remain poorly understood. This study investigated agricultural soils from the riparian zone of the Anning River Basin in southwest China. The concentrations of 12 OPEs were determined using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the total OPE concentration was moderate, with triethyl phosphate being the most abundant compound. Metagenomic techniques and Bayesian linear regression analysis were employed in combination with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database to identify potential degradation pathways for triethyl phosphate and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate. The <em>phoA</em>, <em>phoB</em>, <em>phoD</em>, and <em>glpQ</em> genes, which encode phosphatases, catalyze ester bond cleavage, thereby facilitating the degradation of OPEs. Further microbial interaction network analysis identified core OPE-degrading microorganisms, including <em>Pimelobacter simplex</em>, <em>Nocardioides</em> sp. JS614, <em>Nocardioides daphniae</em>, and <em>Methylocystis heyeri</em>. Additionally, neutral community models indicated that environmental selection drives microbial community structure. In conclusion, this study provides an in-depth understanding of OPE contamination and its microbial degradation mechanisms in agricultural soils, offering theoretical insights for pollution management and remediation strategies.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degradation of novel PFOA alternatives in fluoropolymer production by UV activated persulfate: Efficiency, mechanism and structural effects","authors":"Mengbin Gu, Ge Yuxi, Gang Yu, Jun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138121","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet-activated persulfate (UV/PS) represents a promising advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the elimination of toxic and bio-refractory organic pollutants in wastewater due to the advantages of SO<sub>4</sub>•<sup>-</sup>. C7 HFPO-TA, one of the latest alternatives to PFOA in fluoropolymers production, with a unique structural fragment (CF<sub>3</sub>O-CF(CF<sub>3</sub>)-) that has been frequently identified in effluents, surface waters, and sediments in proximity to fluorochemical industrial zone. In this study, we evaluated the degradation of C7 HFPO-TA and co-existing PFHxA in AOPs, mainly focusing on the molecular structure effect on the chemical affinity with different reactive species (RSs). The results showed that >99.9% C7 HFPO-TA and PFHxA could be decomposed after 480<!-- --> <!-- -->min in UV/PS, significantly outperforming UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (<10%), as the result of the synergistic effect of radical/non-radical (SO<sub>4</sub>•<sup>-</sup>/HSO<sub>4</sub>•, O<sub>2</sub>•<sup>-</sup>, HO•, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>)</sup> and chain reactions. The degradation mechanism of C7 HFPO-TA was primarily governed by the DHEH mechanism, which facilitated radical chain reactions and resulted in the formation of a new perfluoroalkyl ester intermediate (C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>12</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), as optimized by Transition State theory. The degradation of five HFPO and three PFCA was highly dependent on their molecular structures. Degradation kinetics and DFT calculations demonstrated the longer branched fluorocarbon chain could diminish the steric hindrance of α-CF<sub>3</sub> in HFPO and made the electron distribution more flexible for the reaction with the RSs. The comprehensive analysis of degradation kinetics, theoretical calculations and intermediates analysis elucidated the transformation mechanisms of C7 HFPO-TA and PFHxA in UV/PS.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingheng Chen, Hua Liang, Anjie Li, Bin Ji, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Yu Liu
{"title":"Impact of ibuprofen on microalgal-bacterial granular sludge: Metabolic pathways, functional gene responses and biodegradation mechanisms","authors":"Bingheng Chen, Hua Liang, Anjie Li, Bin Ji, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138180","url":null,"abstract":"Ibuprofen (IBU), a persistent and toxic emerging pollutant widely used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, poses significant challenges for wastewater treatment. This study investigates the effects of IBU on the microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) process, a promising approach for wastewater treatment. Results indicate that MBGS can enhance its resilience by secreting more extracellular polymeric substances for effective adsorption. <em>Proteobacteria</em> displayed high adaptability to IBU, while the abundance of <em>Cyanobacteria</em> exhibited considerable fluctuations, leading to cell structural deformation and a decrease in abundance under 1<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L IBU stress. The abundance of functional genes involved in nitrogen and organic matter metabolism, including <em>GDH2</em>, <em>ACSS1_2</em>, and <em>mqo</em>, was significantly influenced by IBU stress, thereby affecting overall system performance. Additionally, several degradation by-products of IBU which had lower toxicity were identified, suggesting the effective biodegradation within the MBGS system. Structural equation modeling indicated that IBU exerts a greater negative impact on microalgae than on bacteria. This study confirms the adaptability of the MBGS system to wastewater containing IBU, highlighting its promising application in treating wastewater with emerging contaminants.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya-Yuan Tang, Jian-Ming Chen, Juan Zhang, Hong Wu, Yi-Ping Wang, Jue-Feng Zhang
{"title":"Biodegradation of polystyrene by Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Insights into the frass characterization and responses of gut microbiomes","authors":"Ya-Yuan Tang, Jian-Ming Chen, Juan Zhang, Hong Wu, Yi-Ping Wang, Jue-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138178","url":null,"abstract":"Polystyrene (PS) biodegradation by some lepidoptera larvae has been demonstrated, but little is known about the <em>Spodoptera litura</em> and <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Here we confirmed that PS-fed larvae showed significantly higher survival rates than starvation and antibiotic groups, with <em>S. frugiperda</em> consuming PS more efficiently than <em>S. litura</em> (1.52 vs. 0.56<!-- --> <!-- -->mg larva⁻¹ day⁻¹). PS-frass characterization revealed oxygen-containing groups (C-O, C=O, -OH) with reduced thermal stability and a significant decrease in weight-average molecular weight (<em>S. litura</em>: -6.01%; <em>S. frugiperda</em>: -8.93%), evidencing oxidative depolymerization of PS by both species. The gut microbiota (<em>Pedobacter, Achromobacter</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Acinetobacter</em>, etc.) and functional enzymes (<em>e.g</em>., monooxygenase, dioxygenase, chitinases) were upregulated in PS-fed larvae. Metabolome analysis revealed altered stress responses and reprogrammed metabolic pathways, particularly in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which correlated strongly with gut microbiota changes. Overall, we demonstrated the biodegradation of PS by <em>S. litura</em> and <em>S. frugiperda</em> for the first time, and proposed a plausible degradation mechanism mediated by gut microbiota, illustrating both the host and gut microbiomes contributed to PS biodegradation. These findings highlight the feasibility of developing insect-based plastic degradation systems through the isolation of key microbial-enzymatic consortia, offering a sustainable solution for plastic waste management.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie HOU, LiXi WANG, JinZe WANG, LiYuan CHEN, BingJun HAN, Tong YANG, WenXin LIU
{"title":"Insights on Common Fungicides: A National Survey on Farmland Soils from Mainland China","authors":"Jie HOU, LiXi WANG, JinZe WANG, LiYuan CHEN, BingJun HAN, Tong YANG, WenXin LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138177","url":null,"abstract":"Fungicides are a growing concern owing to their ecological and human health threats. In China, which is a large fungicide-consuming country, only a few provincial studies have reported several fungicide residues in agricultural soils. Additionally, terrestrial ecological risk assessments of pesticides are limited to the single species. This study showed that fungicides were commonly found in agricultural soils in mainland China, and the Σ<sub>13</sub>fungicides concentrations ranged from 0.0548 to 3183 μg/kg, with the major contributing component being difenoconazole. Spatial variation in fungicide concentrations was significant, with the highest concentrations observed in Southern China. The Σ<sub>13</sub>fungicides concentration was higher in soils covered with plastic films compared to uncovered soils, possibly because microplastics from agro-film sources promote fungicide retention in the soil. Among the crop types, the highest fungicide residues were found in soils planted with fruits. In addition, this study was the first to use the probabilistic species sensitivity distribution (<em>p</em>SSD) approach to deduce the predicted no-effect concentrations of major fungicides as terrestrial safety thresholds. Particularly, soil texture conditions may influence the hazard assessment of fungicides. Finally, from the species taxa perspective, the proportions of ecological risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural soils in China were 4.3% and 5.9%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian-hang Li, Xiao-hui Liu, He-ting Gao, Guo-rui Liang, Teng Zhao, Chun-xiao Li
{"title":"Not for nothing, microplastics can (potentially) reduce the risk of mosquito-to-human transmission of arboviruses","authors":"Jian-hang Li, Xiao-hui Liu, He-ting Gao, Guo-rui Liang, Teng Zhao, Chun-xiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138166","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of microplastic pollution has emerged as a significant global ecological concern. Various organisms have exhibited alterations in behavior or metabolic activities following exposure to microplastics (MPs). Mosquitoes, as crucial disease vectors, are particularly susceptible MPs exposure in the environment. Recent studies have demonstrated that MPs ingested by mosquitoes can be detected <em>in vivo</em>, potentially being transmitted during their different life cycles. However, it remains unclear whether MPs <em>in vivo</em> could affect mosquito infection with arboviruses. In this study, we identified that the physical adsorption effect of MPs is also effective against arboviruses, enabling the adsorption of Zika virus particles onto their surfaces. We established an exposure model by feeding adult <em>Aedes albopictus</em> (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) with 1 μm MPs at concentrations of 5 and 50<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/mL in 8% sucrose solution. The transmission rate of ZIKV and population transmission rate in the laboratorial <em>Ae. albopictus</em> exposure model began to decrease from day 7, showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group on days 10 and 14 (**, <em>p</em> < 0.01), significantly affecting their vector efficiency. This phenomenon is not solely dependent on the physical adsorption of MPs to arboviruses. Transcriptome analysis indicated that exposure to MPs influenced the expression levels of genes associated with mosquito virus infection, altering the function of relevant pathways, which consequently reduces their capability to transmit arbovirus. These findings suggest that exposure to MPs significantly affects the vector efficiency of mosquitoes, providing novel perspectives for the ecological risk assessment of MPs.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closed Fixed-Bed Bacteria-Algae Biofilm Reactor: A Promising Solution for phenol containing wastewater Treatment and Resource Transformation","authors":"Yuanyuan Yang, Siqi Li, Xin Zhou, Mingyang Zhu, Wenju Zhou, Jingxin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138176","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on treating phenolic wastewater with a novel closed fixed-bed bacteria-algae biofilm reactor (CF-BABR) to enhance resource transformation for phenolic substances. The CF-BABR showed strong impact - load resistance and stable degradation efficiency, fully degrading phenolic compounds at concentrations from 0 - 150<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L. From the inflow to the outflow, the effective sequences, abundance, and diversity of bacteria decreased. <em>Chlorobaculum</em> was the dominant bacterium for phenolic pollutant degradation. The abundance of fungi decreased gradually, while their diversity increased. <em>Kalenjinia</em> and <em>Cutaneotrichosporon</em> played a synergistic role in reducing pollutant toxicity. The high - concentration pollutants at the influent led to a higher abundance of microalgal communities, and <em>Scenedesmaceae</em> became the most dominant algal family, which was positively correlated with the degradation of phenolic compounds. Functional gene prediction indicated that the abundance of functional genes in bacteria decreased overall along the wastewater flow. Carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the most active secondary pathways. In fungi, the predicted gene functions had the highest abundance in the upstream region. Metabolic intermediates such as organic acids and derivatives, lipids and lipid - like molecules, and carboxylic acids and derivatives demonstrated the degradation effect of CF-BABR on phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}