Journal of Hazardous Materials最新文献

{"title":"The cascading anchoring strategy fabrication of high-coordination single-atom catalyst: Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation with high 1O2 selectivity","authors":"Chenghui Luo, Shengkun Zhang, Yue Chen, Lixiao Wang, Lihua Cheng, Jianna Jia, Xinhua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140012","url":null,"abstract":"Single-atom catalysts hold great promise for peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-activated non-radical pathways, yet achieving high singlet oxygen (¹O₂) selectivity remains a significant challenge. In this work, we developed a six-coordinated Fe-N₆ single-atom catalyst via a cascading anchoring strategy, enabling efficient PMS activation. Remarkably, this catalyst achieves 99.18% ¹O₂ generation selectivity and demonstrates outstanding degradation performance for levofloxacin (LEV) with a reaction rate constant of 1.475<!-- --> <!-- -->min^-1. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the isolated Fe sites enhance the adsorption selectivity of terminal oxygen atoms of PMS, creating an optimal platform for generating metastable Fe intermediates. The highly oxidized metal centers of Fe act as electron acceptors to receive electrons from adsorbed PMS, thereby producing highly reactive ¹O₂ for rapid LEV oxidation. This work elucidates the crucial role of Fe-N₆ coordination in dictating PMS activation pathways, offering mechanistic insights for designing catalysts with high selective ¹O₂ generation.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and tissue distribution of Cadmium, Organophosphate Flame Retardants and their Di-alkyl phosphates transformation products in a South China river","authors":"Yuting Pan, Zhiqin Liang, Yan Yang, Zenghua Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140007","url":null,"abstract":"The co-existence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and cadmium (Cd) in aquatic ecosystems raises concerns about their bioaccumulation dynamics. This study investigated the Lianjiang River Basin to elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution, tissue-specific accumulation, and interactions of Cd, OPFRs and their di-alkyl phosphate (DAPs) metabolites. Detection results indicated that surface waters contained Σ₁₂OPFRs at 1.0–9.1×10^{4<!-- -->}ng/L, Σ₇DAPs at n.d.–1.41×10^{3<!-- -->}ng/L, and Cd at 1.88–40×10^{3<!-- -->}ng/L. Sediments exhibited higher levels, with Σ₁₂OPFRs of 2.35–269×10^{5<!-- -->}ng/g dry weight (dw), Σ₇DAPs of 1.83–3.43×10^{4<!-- -->}ng/g dw, and Cd of 4.48×10⁻²–1.28<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g dw. Tissue-specific patterns showed fish guts accumulated the highest ∑₁₂OPFRs (2.48×10^{3<!-- -->}ng/g lipid weight, lw) and Cd (0.641<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/g dw), whereas DAPs concentrated in muscle (1.37×10^{3<!-- -->}ng/g lw). Hydrophobic OPFRs exhibited higher bioaccumulation in whelks (logBAF=4.21) than in fish (logBAF=3.98–4.04), with DAP accumulation linked to species-specific metabolism. A high metabolite-parent ratio (MPCF=8.88 for DPHP/TPHP) highlighted spatial variation in biotransformation. Complex interactions were observed: Cd synergized with OPFRs in fish guts (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) but antagonized DAPs in whelks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Downstream hotspots correlated with industrial emissions. This study provides the first evidence of tissue- and species-specific co-accumulation, urging integration of transformation products and multi-pollutant interactions into ecological risk assessments for contaminated aquatic systems.<h3>Environmental Implication</h3>This study reveals combined pollution of Cd, OPFRs, and DAPs in the Lianjiang River. The findings include tissue/species-specific accumulation (OPFRs/Cd in fish guts, DAPs in muscle), higher hydrophobic OPFRs bioaccumulation in whelks, and species-dependent Cd-OPFR interactions (synergy in fish, antagonism in whelks). DAPs concentrations match parent OPFRs, with Cd enhancing contaminant correlations. These challenge single-pollutant assessments and urge integrating transformation products and multi-pollutant dynamics into risk frameworks, especially in industrial basins like Guiyu, for targeted monitoring and holistic management.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics modulate VGLL3 phase separation by enhancing intermolecular interactions: implications for fibrosis and beyond","authors":"Mei Dang, Qinqin Deng, Longjiang Wu, Chenxuan Yang, Gelin Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140014","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are widespread environmental pollutants associated with diverse health risks, yet their impact on protein liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in fibrosis remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), a transcriptional cofactor implicated in fibrosis, to investigate whether polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) with defined surface chemistries and sizes modulate its phase behavior. The results revealed that PS-COOH NPs robustly and selectively induced VGLL3 LLPS in a concentration- and size-dependent manner, with re-entrant dissolution at higher NP fractions. In contrast, PS NPs and PS-NH₂ NPs exert only minor effects. The condensates were sensitive to 1,6-hexanediol, indicating their dynamic and reversible nature. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed right-shifted size distributions consistent with higher-order NP–protein complexes, whereas a negatively charged oligonucleotide failed to trigger LLPS, suggesting that charge alone is insufficient. Molecular docking supports a scaffold model in which PS-COOH NP surfaces stabilize multivalent hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic contacts between VGLL3 molecules. Collectively, these findings provide a mechanistic basis for how carboxylate-rich/aged MNPs can remodel condensates of a fibrosis regulator, offering a framework to assess MNP health risks and to guide the design of safer or condensate-targeting nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of copper ions on Pseudomonas sp. DX-21 for enhanced tetracycline removal: A mechanistic study","authors":"Lilong Yan, Yifei Ma, Zhixuan Yang, Xin Wang, Xinyuan Liu, Jiansen Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139993","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread occurrence of tetracycline (TC) in wastewater poses a significant threat to ecological balance. Thus far, the ability of the strains screened to degrade TC has been relatively limited. How to enhance the metabolic capacity of existing strains to efficiently remove TC remains an urgent issue to be addressed. Here, Cu²⁺ was added to improve the metabolism of strain DX-21. The TC removal rate increased from 0.309<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/(L·h) in the control to 0.343<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/(L·h) at a Cu²⁺ concentration of 0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L. Cu²⁺ increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and improved intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities. The degradation rate of TC increased when TC-Cu complexes were present. Moreover, Cu²⁺ led to a decrease of two with respect to the types of byproducts produced during DX-21 degradation, the reaction process was more efficient, and there was no significant change in the biological effects of the degradation products. Moreover, the ability of the Cu²⁺ and TC-Cu complexes to increase the removal of TC by DX-21 was verified via transcriptome analysis and molecular docking simulations. Therefore, this study deepens the understanding of the role played by metal ions in the microbial removal of TC and reveals the potential of bioaugmentation to enhance antibiotic removal in wastewater through the addition of metal ions.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray paint-derived microplastics influence soil properties and microbial activity through their composite composition","authors":"Yaqi Xu, Huiying Li, Tingting Zhao, Matthias C. Rillig","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140009","url":null,"abstract":"Paint-derived microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as an overlooked but potentially significant source of terrestrial pollution. To investigate their ecological effects on soil health, we conducted a controlled six-week soil incubation experiment using 10 commercially available spray paints with varying polymer compositions and colors. Paint-derived MPs were applied at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01% and 0.4% w/w). Soil pH, water-stable aggregates, soil respiration, and enzyme activities related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling were measured. Results showed that paint-derived MPs increased soil pH at the high concentration and reinforced the stability of water-stable aggregates. Paints with distinct polymeric compositions generated MPs with different size distributions upon application; these paint-derived MPs modulated soil respiration dynamics. The influence of color on the toxicity of paint-derived MPs appears to be primarily associated with metal pigments. In particular, paint-derived MPs containing copper consistently showed significant negative effects on all measured parameters. Furthermore, paint-derived MPs exhibited concentration-related toxicity patterns, which may be attributed to the various additives embedded in their formulations. This study provides new insights into the environmental risks of paint-derived MPs and highlights the role of their composite composition in determining their ecological impact on soil ecosystems. These findings underscore the importance of greater transparency in paint formulations and stricter regulation of hazardous components.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate and Decontamination of Novichok Agent A232 on Environmental and Urban Matrices","authors":"Ishay Columbus, Gil Fridkin, Lea Yehezkel, Alexander Pevzner, Noam Levi, Gali Sod-Moriah, Yossi Zafrani, Boris Smolkin, Ravit Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140016","url":null,"abstract":"Novichoks are highly toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs), which gained significant attention after being used in the assassination attempt of Sergei Skripal (2018, Salisbury). Since then, only a limited number of experimental studies on Novichoks were conducted with focus on their physicochemical properties, toxicology and pharmacology. Their stability on various matrices has received even minor consideration. Herein, we present a comprehensive study on the fate of A232, a prominent Novichok agent, on a variety of previously unexamined environmental and urban matrices, using solid and solution state ³¹P-NMR techniques. The matrices studied included limestone soil, desert soil, silicate sand, asphalt, fresh and old concrete and sawdust, all in dry and wet forms. A232 was found to be highly persistent on most matrices, with degradation being very slow or nonexistent. Once degradation occurred, its products stemmed from either a P-N bond or a P-F bond cleavage or double hydrolysis of both leaving groups, depending on the matrix. The results indicate that A232 poses significant, long-term threat to the environment across a diverse range of realistic scenarios. Importantly, A232 adsorbed on solid support was rapidly and completely hydrolyzed to a nontoxic product once treated with only a few equivalents of NaOH.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper isotopic fractionation in soil-rice systems near the multimetallic mine: Implication for Cu uptake and transport mechanisms","authors":"Zhongwei Wang, Wen Liao, Xiaojia Liang, Yufeng Lin, Pengji Su, Xiaobo Luo, Zhiyi Xie, Songxiong Zhong, Fangbai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140015","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed Cu isotopes in rice plants (root, straw, husk, and grains), Fe plaque and rhizosphere soil collected at sites downstream of the Dabaoshan sulfide mine in South China. Cu isotope fractionation from soil to the available pool (Δ^65/63Cu_{available pool-soil} = 0.24‰ to 0.64‰) was positively correlated with soil pH. Rice plants were enriched in light Cu isotopes under low available Cu supply (Δ^65/63Cu_{whole plant-available pool} = <img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>0.53‰ to <img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>0.33‰), whereas the opposite result occurred under high available supply. Cu isotopes in straw were identical to or lighter than those in roots under high available Cu supply (Δ^65/63Cu_straws-roots = <img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>0.13‰ to 0.06‰), but contrasting results were obtained for low available Cu supply. Results confirm that soil pH strongly influences soil Cu desorption from soil to the available pool, which in turn affects uptake and transport pathways in the available pool-Fe plaque/root-straw continuum. Fe plaque serves as a source and sink of Cu in rice plants and rice plants acquire Cu through high- and low-affinity pathways under low and high soil-available Cu, respectively. Cu immobilization in the cell wall helps reduce the upward transport of excess Cu. These findings highlight the potential of Cu isotope fractionation for determining suitable levels of available Cu to ensure rice grain quality.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in vitro assessment of bioactive chemicals in wastewater from South Australia and Oman using reporter gene assays and a fish cell line","authors":"Ali Alfarsi, Anupama Kumar, Thao V. Nguyen, Matt Johnson, Marwa Al Mahdouri, Dayanthi Nugegoda","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140003","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses wastewater from eleven WWTPs in South Australia and Oman, highlighting challenges from persistent contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) using advanced <em>in vitro</em> CALUX and fish cell bioassays. The cell lines included peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), estrogen receptor-α (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progestogenic receptor (PR) and genotoxic (P53) human CALUX cells and epithelial fish-derived cells (EPC). No effects were observed on EPC cells. Significant ERα activity was detected in effluent from Sites G1 and B1 in South Australia (0.073 and 0.054<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/L E2 equivalent, respectively) and at Site D in Oman (0.045<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/L E2 equivalent). GR activity remained significant (0.43<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/L dexamethasone equivalent) at Site-G in Oman. Significant AR activity was observed at G1a (0.045<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/L DHT eq.) and B1a (0.016<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/L DHT eq.) in South Australia but decreased to levels below the LOD and reporting limit. Similarly, in Oman, influent samples showed significant AR activity, which was significantly reduced after wastewater treatment. Removal efficiencies of detected activities were comparable, with significant AR removal (67 to 99.8%). For ERα activity, most treatment processes in Oman achieved significant removal (84 to 99.8%), while those in South Australia showed partial to negative efficiencies (17 to −20%).","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Microplastics affect Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Chemical Diversity and Microbial Biodiversity","authors":"Ying Guo, Yajuan Tang, Yi Xing, Chen Hong, Wei Su, Wei Wen, Haobo Ya, Jiayu Chen, Han Zhang, Duo Zhang, Wenxin Li, Yixiang Chen, Yuntao Zhao, Baogang Zhang, Jianchao Wang, Shanqing Wang, Zhongshan Qian, Bo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140005","url":null,"abstract":"While the environmental risks of soil microplastics (MPs) are well-established, their roles as exogenous carbon sources in driving greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain poorly understood. Particularly, the mechanisms by which biodegradable and non-biodegradable microplastics influence GHG emissions through microbial community shifts and soil organic carbon (SOC) chemical composition are unclear. To address this, this study investigated the impacts of two microplastics - biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and non-biodegradable polystyrene (PS), applied at 0.1% or 1% (w/w), on soil properties, carbon-related enzyme activities, GHG emissions, and microbial/chemical diversity. PLA addition significantly increased SOC and dissolved organic matter (DOM) content. Both microplastics stimulated lignin peroxidase and cellulase activities and shifted microbial composition: at the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteria abundances changed; at the genus level, <em>Vicinamibacterales</em>, <em>Vicinamibacteraceae</em>, and <em>Sphingomonas</em> were altered. High-molecular-weight aromatic compounds increased under 1% PLA and PS treatments. Microplastics elevated CO₂ and N₂O emissions but did not affect CH₄. Piecewise structural equation modeling revealed that GHG emissions correlated with chemical diversity (R²=0.45) and microbial diversity (R²=0.15). Our findings elucidate mechanistic links between microplastics-induced carbon transformation, microbial activity, and GHG emissions, highlighting distinct impacts of biodegradable versus conventional microplastics on soil-climate feedbacks.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Wet Deposition of Micro- and Nano-plastics in Remote Mountains Driven by Free Tropospheric Transport","authors":"Buqing Xu, Yifan Li, Shizhen Zhao, Bolong Zhang, Jing Li, Jianchu Ma, Kun He, Linxiao Lu, Xiao Wang, Duohong Chen, Jun Li, Gan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140010","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) can reach the free troposphere (FT) and transport to remote regions, however, their wet deposition within FT remains unclear. Here, we investigated MNP wet deposition at a high-elevation site within the FT (1700<!-- --> <!-- -->m a.s.l.) in a remote mountain reserve in southern China, and compared it with a low-altitude site (60<!-- --> <!-- -->m a.s.l.) influenced by urban outflow. MNPs were identified and quantified by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Pyr−GC/MS), resolving polymer types from diagnostic pyrolysates with external calibration to mass concentrations. Event-mean MNP concentrations in mountain rainwater averaged 22.0 ± 20.5<!-- --> <!-- -->μg<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1, nearly three times higher than at the low-altitude site (7.8 ± 4.3<!-- --> <!-- -->μg<!-- --> <!-- -->L^-1), suggesting substantial MNP loads in the FT. Back-trajectory analysis identified dominant sources as regional transport from the Pearl River Delta and long-range transport from the Indochina Peninsula. Seasonal patterns showed that rainfall scavenging dominated in spring, while wind-driven FT transport prevailed in summer. MNP wet deposition averaged 54<!-- --> <!-- -->μg<!-- --> <!-- -->m^-2 event^-1 (event-mean concentration × rainfall depth), with an annual rate of 13<!-- --> <!-- -->kg<!-- --> <!-- -->km^-2, totaling 7.4 metric tons per year in the mountain reserve. Our results indicate that the FT acts as both a transport pathway and a temporary reservoir for airborne MNPs, highlighting its role in the global fate of atmospheric plastic.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}