Cells and Development最新文献

{"title":"The RhoGEF Trio is transported by microtubules and affects microtubule stability in migrating neural crest cells","authors":"Stefanie Gossen,&nbsp;Sarah Gerstner,&nbsp;Annette Borchers","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Directed cell migration requires a local fine-tuning of Rho GTPase activity to control protrusion formation, cell-cell contraction, and turnover of cellular adhesions. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) TRIO is ideally suited to control RhoGTPase activity because it combines two distinct catalytic domains to control Rac1 and RhoA activity in one molecule. However, at the cellular level, this molecular feature also requires a tight spatiotemporal control of TRIO activity. Here, we analyze the dynamic localization of Trio in <em>Xenopus</em> cranial neural crest (NC) cells, where we have recently shown that Trio is required for protrusion formation and migration. Using live cell imaging, we find that the GEF2 domain, but not the GEF1 domain of Trio, dynamically colocalizes with EB3 at microtubule plus-ends. Microtubule-mediated transport of Trio appears to be relevant for its function in NC migration, as a mutant GEF2 construct lacking the SxIP motif responsible for microtubule plus-end localization was significantly impaired in its ability to rescue the Trio loss-of-function phenotype compared to wild-type GEF2. Furthermore, by analyzing microtubule dynamics in migrating NC cells, we observed that loss of Trio function stabilized microtubules at cell-cell contact sites compared to controls, whereas they were destabilized at the leading edge of NC cells. Our data suggest that Trio is transported by microtubules to distinct subcellular locations where it has different functions in controlling microtubule stability, cell morphology, and cell-cell interaction during directed NC migration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266729012300075X/pdfft?md5=73ca2255888e61af8eb1f1b99f397c34&pid=1-s2.0-S266729012300075X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtubule-dependent apical polarization of basement membrane matrix mRNAs in mouse epithelial cells","authors":"Shaohe Wang ,&nbsp;Kazue Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Madison M. Mehlferber ,&nbsp;Guofeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Maria A. Aronova ,&nbsp;Kenneth M. Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The basement membrane (BM) demarcating epithelial tissues undergoes rapid expansion to accommodate tissue growth and morphogenesis during embryonic development. To facilitate the secretion of bulky BM proteins, their mRNAs are polarized basally in the <!--> <!-->follicle epithelial cells of the Drosophila egg chamber to position their sites of production close to their deposition. In contrast, we observed the apical rather than basal polarization of all major BM mRNAs in the outer epithelial cells adjacent to the BM of mouse embryonic salivary glands using single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). Moreover, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence revealed apical polarization of both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, indicating that the site of BM component production was opposite to the site of deposition. At the apical side, BM mRNAs colocalized with ER, suggesting they may be co-translationally tethered. After microtubule inhibition, the BM mRNAs and ER became uniformly distributed rather than apically polarized, but they remained unchanged after inhibiting myosin II, ROCK, or F-actin, or after enzymatic disruption of the BM. Because Rab6 is generally required for Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking of BM components, we used lentivirus to express an mScarlet-tagged Rab6a in salivary gland epithelial cultures to visualize vesicle trafficking dynamics. We observed extensive bidirectional vesicle movements between Golgi at the apical side and the basal plasma membrane adjacent to the BM. Moreover, we showed that these vesicle movements depend on the microtubule motor kinesin-1 because very few vesicles remained motile after treatment with kinesore to compete for cargo-binding sites on kinesin-1. Overall, our work highlights the diverse strategies that different organisms use to secrete bulky matrix proteins: while Drosophila follicle epithelial cells strategically place their sites of BM protein production close to their deposition, mouse embryonic epithelial cells place their sites of production at the opposite end. Instead of spatial proximity, they use the microtubule cytoskeleton to mediate this organization as well as for the apical-to-basal transport of BM proteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667290123000748/pdfft?md5=19641f4e1055da9cc490efae7a9b376f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667290123000748-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural rigidity of pressurized model notochords in regular packing patterns","authors":"Evan J. Curcio,&nbsp;Sharon R. Lubkin","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biomechanics of embryonic notochords are studied using an elastic membrane model. An initial study varying internal pressure and stiffness ratio determines tension and geometric ratios as a function of internal pressure, membrane stiffness ratio, and cell packing pattern. A subsequent three-point bending study determines flexural rigidity as a function of internal pressure, configuration, and orientation. Flexural rigidity is found to be independent of membrane stiffness ratio. Controlling for number and volume of cells and their internal pressure, the eccentric staircase pattern of cell packing has more than double the flexural rigidity of the radially symmetric bamboo pattern. Moreover, the eccentric staircase pattern is found to be more than twice as stiff in lateral bending than in dorsoventral bending. This suggests a mechanical advantage to the eccentric WT staircase pattern of the embryonic notochord, over patterns with round cross-section.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667290123000712/pdfft?md5=5a97ce32cf370ad9c4a20001b0f334dc&pid=1-s2.0-S2667290123000712-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor AP2 and downstream genes shared by asexual reproduction and zooidal regeneration in the tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis","authors":"Kaz Kawamura ,&nbsp;Shigeki Fujiwara","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epithelial outpocketing, tunic softening, mesenchymal cell death, dedifferentiation/transdifferentiation, and resistance to environmental stress are major events that occur during asexual reproduction by budding in the tunicate, <em>Polyandrocarpa misakiensis</em>. To identify the molecules underlying these events and compare them with those operating in regeneration, differential gene expression profiles were developed in buds and zooids. Among approximately 40,000 contigs, 21 genes were identified as potentially being involved in asexual reproduction. Genes related to tunic softening, phagocytosis-stimulating opsonin, and stress resistance were activated in the very early stage of budding. At the later stage of budding when buds separated from the parent and entered the developmental stage, genes for cell adhesion, cell death, and differentiation were activated. The transcription factor AP2 was spatio-temporally expressed in a similar pattern to the tunic-softening gene endoglucanase (<em>EndoG</em>). <em>AP2</em> mRNA activated <em>EndoG</em> when introduced into zooids by electroporation. Eight out of 21 budding-related genes were significantly activated by <em>AP2</em> mRNA. <em>Polyandrocarpa</em> zooids possess regenerative potential other than budding. Zooidal regeneration accompanied cell death/phagocytosis, cell-cell adhesion/communication, and dedifferentiation/redifferentiation. Consistent with morphological features, eight related genes including <em>SP8</em> transcription factor were activated during zooidal regeneration. Most of these genes were identical to those induced by <em>AP2</em> mRNA, indicating that asexual reproduction in <em>P. misakiensis</em> shares <em>AP2</em>-regulated downstream genes with zooidal regeneration. The present results suggest that <em>SP8</em> may be indispensable for both budding and regeneration and that the potential dedifferentiation-related gene <em>SOXB1</em> plays a minor role in zooidal regeneration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266729012300061X/pdfft?md5=f7d7cc1140e09ad25e659785902420a0&pid=1-s2.0-S266729012300061X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prelude to molecularization: The double gradient model of Sulo Toivonen and Lauri Saxén","authors":"Scott F. Gilbert","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present molecular investigations of Organizer phenomena show a remarkable connection to the earlier classical embryological studies that used transplantation as a method for making mechanistic models of induction. One of the most prominent of these connections is the dual gradient model for anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral polarity. This paper will discuss some of the history of how transplantation experiments provided data that could be interpreted in terms of two gradients of biologically active materials. It will highlight how the attempts to discover the elusive <em>Induktionsstoffen</em> gave rise to the double gradient model of Sulo Toivonen and Lauri Saxén in the 1950s and 1960s. This paper will also document how this research into the identity of these molecules gave rise to the developmental genetics that eventually would find the molecules responsible for primary embryonic induction<em>.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667290123000608/pdfft?md5=05b911327d94e0050d6b2f0d6f5c12d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2667290123000608-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"γH2AX in mouse embryonic stem cells: Distribution during differentiation and following γ-irradiation","authors":"Tom C. Karagiannis ,&nbsp;Christian Orlowski ,&nbsp;Katherine Ververis ,&nbsp;Eleni Pitsillou ,&nbsp;Gulcan Sarila ,&nbsp;Samuel T. Keating ,&nbsp;Laura J. Foong ,&nbsp;Stefanie Fabris ,&nbsp;Christina Ngo-Nguyen ,&nbsp;Neha Malik ,&nbsp;Jun Okabe ,&nbsp;Andrew Hung ,&nbsp;Theo Mantamadiotis ,&nbsp;Assam El-Osta","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) represents a sensitive molecular marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and is implicated in stem cell biology. We established a model of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation and examined the dynamics of γH2AX foci during the process. Our results revealed high numbers of γH2AX foci in undifferentiated mESCs, decreasing as the cells differentiated towards the endothelial cell lineage. Notably, we observed two distinct patterns of γH2AX foci: the typical discrete γH2AX foci, which colocalize with the transcriptionally permissive chromatin mark H3K4me3, and the less well-characterized clustered γH2AX regions, which were only observed in intermediate progenitor cells. Next, we explored responses of mESCs to γ-radiation (¹³⁷Cs). Following exposure to γ-radiation, mESCs showed a reduction in cell viability and increased γH2AX foci, indicative of radiosensitivity. Despite irradiation, surviving mESCs retained their differentiation potential. To further exemplify our findings, we investigated neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs). Similar to mESCs, NSPCs displayed clustered γH2AX foci associated with progenitor cells and discrete γH2AX foci indicative of embryonic stem cells or differentiated cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that γH2AX serves as a versatile marker of DSBs and may have a role as a biomarker in stem cell differentiation. The distinct patterns of γH2AX foci in differentiating mESCs and NSPCs provide valuable insights into DNA repair dynamics during differentiation, shedding light on the intricate balance between genomic integrity and cellular plasticity in stem cells. Finally, the clustered γH2AX foci observed in intermediate progenitor cells is an intriguing feature, requiring further exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266729012300058X/pdfft?md5=941517f7f8a759fbf4cc404c342c478b&pid=1-s2.0-S266729012300058X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extracellular matrix in tissue morphogenesis: No longer a backseat driver","authors":"María-del-Carmen Díaz-de-la-Loza,&nbsp;Brian M. Stramer","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The forces driving tissue morphogenesis are thought to originate from cellular activities. While it is appreciated that extracellular matrix (ECM) may also be involved, ECM function is assumed to be simply instructive in modulating the cellular behaviors that drive changes to tissue shape. However, there is increasing evidence that the ECM may not be the passive player portrayed in developmental biology textbooks. In this review we highlight examples of embryonic ECM dynamics that suggest cell-independent activity, along with developmental processes during which localized ECM alterations and ECM-autonomous forces are directing changes to tissue shape. Additionally, we discuss experimental approaches to unveil active ECM roles during tissue morphogenesis. We propose that it may be time to rethink our general definition of morphogenesis as a cellular-driven phenomenon and incorporate an underappreciated, and surprisingly dynamic ECM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 203883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667290123000591/pdfft?md5=a381a0c4337ecad7e40ea9329504bbde&pid=1-s2.0-S2667290123000591-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71486776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cells & Development: Moving forward and upward","authors":"Roberto Mayor","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 203880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"17β-estradiol mitigates the inhibition of SH-SY5Y cell differentiation through WNT1 expression","authors":"Rubina Shakya ,&nbsp;Prateep Amonruttanapun ,&nbsp;Tanapol Limboonreung ,&nbsp;Sukumal Chongthammakun","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>17β-estradiol (E2) and canonical WNT-signaling represent crucial regulatory pathways for microtubule dynamics and synaptic formation. However, it is unclear yet whether E2-induced canonical WNT ligands have significant impact on neurogenic repair under inflammatory condition. In this study, first, we prepared the chronic activated-microglial-conditioned media, known to be comprised of neuro-inflammatory components. Long term exposure of microglial conditioned media to SH-SY5Y cells showed a negative impact on differentiation markers, microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and synaptophysin (SYP), which was successfully rescued by pre and co-treatment of 10 nM 17β-estradiol. The inhibition of </span>estrogen receptors<span><span>, ERα and ERβ significantly blocked the E2-mediated recovery in the expression of differentiation marker, SYP. Furthermore, the inflammatory inhibition of canonical signaling ligand, WNT1 was also found to be rescued by E2. To our surprise, E2 was unable to replicate this success with β-catenin, which is considered to be the intracellular transducer of canonical WNT signaling. However, WNT antagonist - Dkk1 blocked the E2-mediated recovery in the expression of the differentiation marker, MAP2. Therefore, our data suggests that E2-mediated recovery in SH-SY5Y differentiation follows a divergent pathway from the conventional canonical WNT </span>signaling pathway<span>, which seems to regulate microtubule stability without the involvement of β-catenin. This mechanism provides fresh insight into how estradiol contributes to the restoration of differentiation marker proteins in the context of chronic neuroinflammation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 203881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prechordal structures act cooperatively in early trabeculae development of gnathostome skull","authors":"Jaqueline Isoppo da Cunha ,&nbsp;Alessandra Maria Duarte Barauna ,&nbsp;Ricardo Castilho Garcez","doi":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The vertebrate skull is formed by mesoderm<span><span> and neural crest<span> (NC) cells. The mesoderm contributes to the skull chordal domain, with the notochord playing an essential role in this process. The NC contributes to the skull prechordal domain, prompting investigation into the embryonic structures involved in prechordal neurocranium cartilage formation. The trabeculae cartilage, a structure of the prechordal neurocranium, arises at the convergence of </span></span>prechordal plate (PCP), ventral midline (VM) cells of the </span></span>diencephalon<span>, and dorsal oral ectoderm. This study examines the molecular participation of these embryonic structures in gnathostome trabeculae development. PCP-secreted SHH induces its expression in VM cells of the diencephalon, initiating a positive feedback loop involving </span></span><span><em>SIX3</em></span> and <span><em>GLI1</em></span>. SHH secreted by the VM cells of the diencephalon acts on the dorsal oral ectoderm, stimulating condensation of NC cells to form trabeculae. SHH from the prechordal region affects the expression of <span><em>SOX9</em></span><span> in NC cells. BMP7 and SHH secreted by PCP induce </span><em>NKX2.1</em><span> expression in VM cells of the diencephalon, but this does not impact trabeculae formation. Molecular cooperation between PCP, VM cells of the diencephalon, and dorsal oral ectoderm is crucial for craniofacial development by NC cells in the prechordal domain.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36123,"journal":{"name":"Cells and Development","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 203879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}