The Innovation最新文献

{"title":"Applications of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes in neutrino and cosmic ray experiments.","authors":"Feng Gao, Sen Qian, Andrei Sidorenkov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 3","pages":"101263"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct mapping of neural activity via glutamate-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Qicheng Lu, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indirectly maps neural activity via blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. Directly probing glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, during task-related stimulation offers a more precise neuroimaging approach. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), a molecular MRI technique, can provide insights into brain metabolites, including glutamate. While prior studies have attempted to apply CEST in fMRI contexts-either to detect glucose consumption in rats or to probe pH changes in the human brain (with the latter failing to detect significant changes)-none of these efforts successfully addressed the confounding influence of BOLD signal fluctuations on the acquired CEST contrast during task activation. Furthermore, to date, no study has reported task-evoked activation maps based on dynamic glutamate changes detected by CEST-MRI. Here, we are the first to propose and implement a dynamic signal model that integrates both BOLD and CEST effects. Derived from the analysis of temporal response amplitude, we introduce a metric potentially detecting changes in glutamate concentration during neural activity, along with corresponding glutamate-weighted activation maps. Simulation results based on this model show strong agreement with experimental results during block design visual tasks in the human brain on a 3 Tesla scanner, but only when incorporating increased glutamate concentration during the stimulation state. Furthermore, the glutamate-weighted activation maps obtained in our experiments demonstrate a more precise localization of visual cortex regions compared with the classical BOLD contrast activation maps. Our findings provide a potential explanation for the mechanism underlying CEST-fMRI and underscore the potential of this imaging modality to directly map neural activity by leveraging glutamate concentration detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 5","pages":"101261"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent design breaks the trade-off between energy efficiency and water flux in ultrafast seawater desalination.","authors":"Jiu Luo, Xing Liu, Jin Wang, Yi Heng","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing the energy efficiency for energy-intensive seawater desalination technologies is imperative to sustainably mitigate water scarcity while reducing carbon footprints. This work presents a transformative advance in reverse osmosis desalination technology by fundamentally redefining the long-standing trade-off between energy efficiency and water production efficiency. Through the synergistic integration of bio-inspired ultrapermeable membrane module with state-of-the-art batch reverse osmosis, we demonstrate unprecedented performance-achieving a specific energy consumption of 1.68 kWh m^-3 while delivering an average water flux of 95 L m^-2 h^-1. This represents a 33%-58% reduction in energy demand and a 5-fold improvement in water flux compared with conventional seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants (2.5-4 kWh m^-3 and 15 L m^-2 h^-1), challenging the prevailing assumption that increased membrane permeability offers only marginal efficiency benefits. This work can further guide the development of advanced membrane materials and energy-efficient desalination technologies, with potential applications in desalination and zero/minimal liquid discharge systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 5","pages":"101262"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transboundary water allocation strategy for the Aral Sea Basin: Integrating the water-food-energy-environment nexus.","authors":"Yanan Hu, Guangdong Sun, Weili Duan, Shan Zou, Yanfeng Di, Yaning Chen, Patient Mindje Kayumba, Wei Wei, Philippe De Maeyer, Peter L M Goethals","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water resource competition has disrupted sustainable development in the Aral Sea Basin, necessitating integrated strategies for the water-food-energy-environment nexus to address challenges from ongoing climate change, ecological restoration, growing food demand, and potential hydropower projects impacting water stability. This study developed a multi-objective optimization model to address these issues. Results showed relatively equitable water allocation, with Gini coefficients consistently below 0.29 across all scenarios. Agricultural water use ranged from 71.71 to 80.53 × 10⁹ m³, while seasonal pumped hydropower storage reservoirs increased upstream controllable water to 42.91-58.47 × 10⁹ m³ (35%-44%). Hydropower remained stable owing to reservoir coordination. However, to ensure ecological flows (35.38-37.78 × 10⁹ m³), crop areas should be reduced by 14.37%-21.05% under SSP2-4.5 and 16.16%-23.93% under SSP5-8.5. A trade-off emerged between benefits and water allocation equity, particularly in high-emission, low-inflow scenarios, alongside a positive correlation between benefits and greenhouse gas emissions. These findings emphasize the critical need for integrated management of the Aral Sea Basin's interconnected resource systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 5","pages":"101257"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum criticality enhanced millikelvin magnetic refrigeration in a large-spin-7/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet.","authors":"Weijie Lin, Nan Zhao, Zhaoyi Li, Yang Zhao, Yi Liao, Weiran An, Ruixin Guo, Jianqiao Wang, Changzhao Pan, Bo Wen, Jieming Sheng, Liusuo Wu, Shu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-spin (<i>S</i>) triangular lattice antiferromagnets exhibit both strong quantum fluctuations and high magnetic entropy, making them promising candidates for ultra-low-temperature magnetic refrigeration. In such materials, an external magnetic field can significantly influence the system's Hamiltonian, leading to the emergence of distinct magnetically ordered ground states. Interestingly, at the critical field between two ordered phases, the spins can develop a highly degenerate magnetic ground state, giving rise to enhanced quantum fluctuations and a pronounced magnetocaloric effect. In this study, the magnetic phase diagram of the <i>S</i> = 7/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet GdBO₃ was established through measurements of specific heat, magnetization, and the magnetocaloric effect. The phase diagram reveals that the system exhibits four distinct ground states (phases <b>I</b>, <b>II</b>, <b>III</b>, and <b>IV</b>) under external magnetic fields. Notably, a 1/3 magnetization plateau is observed in phase <b>II</b>, as indicated by the magnetization curve. Due to strong quantum fluctuations at critical field <i>B</i> _c3 and the high density of magnetic Gd³⁺ ions, we achieved a minimum temperature of 50 mK using a custom-designed adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. Our findings reveal significant quantum fluctuations below 2 K, demonstrating GdBO₃'s potential for millikelvin magnetic cooling applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 5","pages":"101254"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid extracellular vesicles drive irreversible mitochondria damage and TCA metabolite deficiency-related chondrocyte senescence.","authors":"Ting Xiang, Rong Zhang, Xuanyi Li, Xin Li, Jinyang Wang, Jiaqi Li, Yongxi Lu, Chi Zhang, Shangbin Zhang, Lili Chen, Qingbin Zhang, Xiaoxing Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic and inflammatory stresses play crucial roles in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the reasons behind the difficulty in correcting impaired metabolism and cellular dysfunction in OA chondrocytes remain unclear. Given the metabolic modulation effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs), we asked whether endogenous EVs play a critical role in OA. Here, we identified a subtype of hybrid extracellular vesicles (hEVs) enriched in the joint fluid from OA patients, correlating with OA severity. These hEVs exhibited dual markers from proinflammatory macrophages and chondrocytes, promoting chondrocyte uptake and enhancing metabolic regulatory capability. hEV administration increased chondrocyte damage, characterized by enhanced mitochondrial defects and cellular aging in OA models. Unlike the reversible metabolic damage induced by inflammation in cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs), hEVs induced irreversible mitochondrial fragmentation and sustained cellular aging, even after stimulus removal. Notably, while hEVs promoted a metabolic shift toward glycolysis in OA CSPCs, blocking glycolysis alone failed to restore CSPC dysfunction. Mechanistically, hEVs decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in an ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ADT1)-dependent manner, contributing to irreversible mitochondria fragmentation. As a result, hEVs depleted tricarboxylic acid metabolites, particularly acetyl-CoA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), associated with altered histone acetylation and methylation in OA CSPCs. Thus, combination therapy with an ADT1 inhibitor, supplemented with acetyl-CoA and α-KG, corrected hEV-induced metabolic reprogramming and cellular fate changes, restoring impaired chondrogenesis and aging in OA CSPCs and OA models. This study reveals hEVs as unrecognized OA pathogenic drivers, linking EV-mediated irreversible mitochondria damage to chondrocyte aging, and opens a new avenue for OA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 4","pages":"101247"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new paradigm for brain-machine interface electrodes: From static to dynamic, advancing toward embodied intelligence.","authors":"Fei Han, Qianhengyuan Yu, Hairong Zheng, Guanglin Li, Qingsong Li, Qiong Tian, Yuan Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 4","pages":"101258"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon capture using chemical absorption: Absorbent intergenerational evolution, process innovation, and large-scale application.","authors":"Zhen Wang, Song He, Yue Li, Sheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon capture via chemical absorption is critical for carbon neutrality but faces deployment barriers including high-energy consumption, high cost, and insufficient system integration. This review establishes a three-dimensional review framework including absorbent intergenerational evolution, process integration, and industrial demonstration application, systematically sorting out the evolution process, current state and challenges, and future breakthrough paths for carbon capture technology. Regeneration energy consumption of three absorbent generations has decreased gradually from 3.0 to 4.0 GJ/t CO₂ to around 2.0 GJ/t CO₂, nearing practical limits. Yet, regeneration temperatures remain >393 K, indicating significant optimization potential. Balancing the comprehensive problems of further energy consumption reduction, high desorption temperature, high viscosity (>100 mPa·s), and complex degradation paths remains challenging. Carbon capture process optimization achieves 10%-20% system energy savings, but misalignment persists between absorbent and process development. In future, developments in absorbent research and process innovation should be matched, and the process innovation of solvent low-temperature regeneration with waste heat and renewable energy should be emphasized. Moreover, advanced CO₂ regeneration methods are recommended for further energy efficiency enhancement including cascade integration of low-grade thermal energy, co-regeneration driven by light and electricity, and <i>in situ</i> capture and catalytic conversion. Engineering challenges include efficiency penalties, costs (35$-70$/t CO₂), corrosion, insufficient system integration, and lagging development of demonstration projects. Accelerating the third-generation absorbent demonstrations and intelligent system controls is essential. More research should be emphasized about energy storage and peak shaving role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage, and the intelligent and flexible operation. The framework identifies pathways to overcome key constraints and develop advanced carbon capture technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 4","pages":"101250"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Bayesian kernel machine regression for large-scale exposome studies: Making the impossible possible.","authors":"Yi Guo, Huixun Jia, Ziwei Peng, Xinming Xu, Zhicheng Zhang, Keyu Pan, Yuqin Zhou, Haidong Kan, Zhenyu Wu, Cong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposome studies involve analyzing numerous exposures with complex interactions and potential collinearity, presenting challenges for conventional statistical methods. While Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) has emerged as a promising solution, its widespread adoption has been hindered by high computational costs and restricted interpretability. To address these critical limitations in large-scale exposome studies, we developed an advanced BKMR (A-BKMR) model. The Gaussian predictive process and matrix decomposition were used to reduce both processing time and memory requirements. Additionally, we employed the parametric g-formula to generate interpretable statistics, including joint and univariate effects as well as bivariate and multivariate interactions. Across various scenarios with different sample sizes and numbers of exposures, A-BKMR demonstrated both high computational efficiency and model performance. Previously, analyzing datasets with sample sizes of 100,000 was unfeasible for traditional BKMR. The current A-BKMR can complete such analyses in 1 h on a personal computer, making it over 700,000 times faster than conventional BKMR implementations. Additionally, A-BKMR can accurately identify important exposure while preserving an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.99 and an <i>R</i> ^<i>2</i> > 0.97 across scenarios with varying sample sizes and numbers of exposures. Furthermore, A-BKMR introduces novel quantitative metrics for effect estimates and interaction analyses, substantially enhancing interpretability. These advancements establish A-BKMR as an excellent statistical framework for future large-scale exposome studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 4","pages":"101248"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical diagnosis and treatment for well-differentiated liposarcoma: A clinical practice guideline.","authors":"Yuanting Cai, Yuan Fang, Guo Zhao, Yuning Wang, Jiatong Ding, Shuhang Wang, Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 4","pages":"101249"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}