British and Irish Orthoptic Journal最新文献_第4页

Vision Screening in Older Adults Admitted with a Fragility Hip Fracture: A Healthcare Quality Improvement Report. 老年人脆性髋部骨折视力筛查:医疗质量改善报告

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-23 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.331

Aishah Baig, Alexander Foss, Opinder Sahota, Khosrow Sehat, Isabel Ash

{"title":"Vision Screening in Older Adults Admitted with a Fragility Hip Fracture: A Healthcare Quality Improvement Report.","authors":"Aishah Baig, Alexander Foss, Opinder Sahota, Khosrow Sehat, Isabel Ash","doi":"10.22599/bioj.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.331","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This healthcare quality improvement report focussed on the effectiveness of an orthoptic-led inpatient vision screening service at Nottingham University Hospitals for older adults admitted with a fragility hip fracture. The service was developed in response to national guidance, which recommended a multifactorial assessment, including a vision assessment for older adults presenting following a fall.Method: Vision screening was carried out by orthoptists on eligible patients ≥65 years of age admitted to the trauma and orthopaedic wards with a hip fracture. Retrospective data for patients screened between 2015-2019 were analysed, including: patient demographics; screening eligibility and outcome; ophthalmology referrals made; ophthalmology appointment attendance; and outcome.Results: Of the 3321 patients admitted with a hip fracture between 2015-2019, 2033 (61%) were eligible for vision screening and 1532 (75%) of these were screened. Furthermore, 784 (51%) of the patients screened had an ocular abnormality requiring an ophthalmology referral, or a sight test at an optician. Only 144 of the 383 (38%) who required an ophthalmology referral via the GP were successfully referred, and only 107 of the 186 (58%) patients who were given appointments attended them. Additionally, 98 of 107 had pathology, with cataracts the most common finding (51%), and 61 of 98 (62%) patients had treatable vision impairment.Conclusions: We found a large proportion of fragility hip fracture patients with impaired vision, much of which was treatable and could be detected effectively with orthoptic-led bedside screening. The most common eye problem in those referred to ophthalmology was cataracts. An internal referral pathway to ophthalmology is proposed. There is a need to investigate reasons for disengagement with eye care services in this population.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accommodative Facility and Response Time before and after Computer Task of Varying Durations in Young Adults. 年轻人在不同持续时间的计算机任务前后的适应设施和反应时间。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-16 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.295

Asha Kaliugavaradhan, Dharani Ramamurthy

{"title":"Accommodative Facility and Response Time before and after Computer Task of Varying Durations in Young Adults.","authors":"Asha Kaliugavaradhan, Dharani Ramamurthy","doi":"10.22599/bioj.295","DOIUrl":"10.22599/bioj.295","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the changes in near accommodative facility and response time in young adults following computer work of 30 minutes and 1 hour in duration.Methods: A total of 50 young adults (37 females, 13 males) with mean age of 20.68 ± 1.33 years were included in this experimental study. Monocular near accommodative facility was measured using ±2.00 Dioptre Sphere (DS) flipper at 40 cm using the N6 (the smallest print size that can be read by an individual with normal visual acuity) target before and after two reading tasks. Both pre- and post-task measurements were video recorded using a smart phone and the number of cycles per minute, positive response time (time taken to stimulate accommodation), and negative response time (time taken to relax accommodation) were calculated from the video recording. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 22.0.Results: Out of the 50 participants, 29 were emmetropes (Mean SER: 0.16 ± 0.29 D), and 21 were myopes (Mean SER: -1.89 ± 1.16 D). The mean pre-task accommodative facility was 6.79 ± 3.52 cycles per minute, and the post-task accommodative facility was 6.25 ± 3.65 cycles per minute (p = 0.10) for the 30-minutes task and 5.76 ± 3.89 cycles per minute (p = 0.01) for 1-hour task. The mean pre-task positive response time was 2.87 ± 1.55 seconds, and the post-task positive response times for 30 minutes and 1 hour were 2.86 ± 1.67 seconds (p = 0.88) and 2.98 ± 2.33 seconds (p = 0.42), respectively. The mean pre-task negative response time was 8.77 ± 8.83 seconds, and the post-task negative response times for 30 minutes and 1 hour task were 11.83 ± 14.28 seconds (p = 0.16) and 14.72 ± 17.32 seconds (p = 0.03), respectively.Conclusion: Monocular near accommodative facility was significantly reduced, and negative response time was delayed following 1 hour of computer work.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10588489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Illumination on Positive Fusional Vergence. 光照对正融合锐度的影响。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-29 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.296

Raisul Azam, Sourav Karmakar, Animesh Mondal, Gaurav Kumar Bhardwaj

{"title":"The Effect of Illumination on Positive Fusional Vergence.","authors":"Raisul Azam, Sourav Karmakar, Animesh Mondal, Gaurav Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.22599/bioj.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.296","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Positive fusional vergence (PFV) is vital in maintaining fusion in critical and continuous near tasks such as reading or performing digital screen tasks. This study investigated how PFV changed under various lighting conditions.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 34 participants aged between 21 and 25 years, with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.0 logMAR and insignificant refractive error. Three different illuminations-low illumination (50 lux), medium lighting (100 lux), and high illumination (150 lux)-were used to examine the ocular parameters PFV (blur, break, and recovery points), contrast sensitivity and pupil diameter.Results: Pupil diameter changed significantly in different room illuminations (p = 0.00). There was no significant difference in contrast sensitivity across the three levels of room illumination (p = 0.368). Mean PFV (SD) (blur) was 14.5 (2.5) in 50 lux, 10.2 (2.2) in 100 lux, and 8.2 (2.1) in 150 lux. Under 50, 100 and 150 lux, respectively, the mean PFV (SD) (break) values were 16.7 (2.4), 13.4 (1.8), and 10.8 (2.2), and the mean PFV (SD) (recovery) values were 13.3 (2.1), 10.7 (2.1), and 7.5 (2.7). With increased illumination levels, PFV blur, break, and recovery values were significantly lower (p < 0.001).Conclusions: PFV values were significantly higher in lower illumination. Clinicians should be aware that room illumination affected the PFV values measured.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10541229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum: Using a Computerised Staircase and Incremental Optotype Sizes to Improve Visual Acuity Assessment Accuracy. 勘误:使用电脑化阶梯和增量视型尺寸来提高视力评估的准确性。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-16 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.287

Anna O'Connor, Chloe King, Ashli Milling, Laurence Tidbury

引用次数: 1

Conservative and Surgical Management of Unilateral and Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO)-A Retrospective Analysis. 单侧和双侧核间眼麻痹的保守和手术治疗回顾性分析。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.280

Joshua Simmons, Martin Rhodes

{"title":"Conservative and Surgical Management of Unilateral and Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO)-A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Joshua Simmons, Martin Rhodes","doi":"10.22599/bioj.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.280","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To report the outcomes of the natural progression and ophthalmic treatment of patients reviewed in a tertiary hospital trust with unilateral or bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia.Method: A retrospective case note analysis was performed and 33 patients diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) were identified. The diagnosis, aetiology, presence of diplopia, ophthalmic management options and progression were recorded and analysed. This included both conservative and surgical management.Results: The most common aetiologies of INO within this cohort were stroke/ischaemic (69.7%) and multiple sclerosis (MS) (30.3%). Unilateral INO was more prevalent than bilateral INO, with 20 cases (60.6%) compared to 13 cases (39.4%), respectively. A higher proportion of unilateral INO were attributed to stroke (90%) whilst a higher proportion of bilateral INO were attributed to MS (61.5%). The most prescribed management at primary assessment was occlusion (45.5%) and prisms (24.2%). Some patients required no orthoptic intervention (30.3%). Two patients had surgical management of strabismus secondary to bilateral INO.Conclusion: Occlusion was the most common form of management for symptomatic relief of diplopia. Patients who presented at the first visit with no symptoms were unlikely to need any orthoptic intervention. Of the two patients who went on to require surgical intervention, restoration of binocular single vision (BSV) was achieved post-operatively with the use of a Fresnel prism. However, the differences in both surgical technique and number of surgeries required make this difficult to generalise. Additional research is needed to further explore the surgical management of INO.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40481411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilising Virtual Clinics and Orthoptists to Aid COVID-19 Service Recovery in Adult Strabismus. 利用虚拟诊所和骨科医生帮助成人斜视COVID-19服务恢复。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-07 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.273

Jessica E Francis, Martin Rhodes, Joshua Simmons, Jessy Choi

{"title":"Utilising Virtual Clinics and Orthoptists to Aid COVID-19 Service Recovery in Adult Strabismus.","authors":"Jessica E Francis, Martin Rhodes, Joshua Simmons, Jessy Choi","doi":"10.22599/bioj.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Sheffield Virtual Adult Strabismus service was already well established and was put to real-time trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a multi-disciplinary adaptation to offer a safe and effective service delivery. We evaluate the efficacy of a virtual strabismus service during the pandemic to meet clinical demand, streamline patient care, balance care delivery and optimise medical input.Methods: Prospective data analysis from the virtual strabismus clinics dated from January 2015 to November 2021. All information was captured at first consultation with comprehensive specialist Orthoptic assessment and imaging; then reviewed by a strabismus consultant for clinical outcome. Management was discussed virtually with patients by the consultant.Results: Pre-COVID (January 2015-March 2020), 1,068 appointments were offered. During COVID (July 2020-November 2021), 442 appointments were offered. Clinical capacity increased to meet demand. Within two months of service re-opening, first appointment mean waiting time reduced below 18 weeks. During COVID, 24.6% of patients were listed for procedures after first visit. Face-to-face medical follow up for non-surgical cases reduced from 47.7% to 16.3%.Conclusion: Virtual strabismus services offer flexible, safe and effective ways to meet fluctuating referral patterns and maximise limited time and resources. Orthoptists are uniquely essential and highly valued keyworkers to conservatively manage non-surgical strabismus. Utilising the skillsets of Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) across the NHS is crucial to sustain ongoing clinical demand and patient care.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40481410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Nystagmus Information Pack. 眼球震颤信息包的评价。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-09-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.269

Anne Bjerre, Helen Griffiths, Martha Foulds, Gemma Arblaster

{"title":"Evaluation of the Nystagmus Information Pack.","authors":"Anne Bjerre, Helen Griffiths, Martha Foulds, Gemma Arblaster","doi":"10.22599/bioj.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.269","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In response to the need for easily accessible, high-quality information about nystagmus, the Nystagmus Information Pack was created and made freely available online in 2017. This study was undertaken to evaluate the content and accessibility of the Nystagmus Information Pack.Methods: Clinicians, eye clinic liaison officers (ECLOs), teachers, patients, families, and any person with an interest in nystagmus were invited to complete an online questionnaire about the content and accessibility of the Nystagmus Information Pack.Results: One hundred and sixty respondents completed the questionnaire. Respondents who had previously accessed the Nystagmus Information Pack (n = 49, 30.6%) reported the content was appropriate (86%), of sufficient detail (94%), and easy to understand (88%). Minor suggestions were made to improve the content. Respondents who had not accessed the Nystagmus Information Pack (n = 111, 69.4%) reported not being aware of the resource (90%) but had already accessed nystagmus information from a wide range of sources. Poor vision was a barrier to accessing the resource for a small number of respondents (4.5%).Conclusion: Some improvements to the content and accessibility of the Nystagmus Information Pack should be considered, in particular the format options in which it is available, to enable access in preferred formats and with poor vision. The availability of the Nystagmus Information Pack should be promoted and shared more widely, as the majority of respondents were unaware of the resource despite having an association with or interest in nystagmus.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40389954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change in Incidence and Severity of Abusive Head Trauma in the Paediatric Age Group Pre- and During COVID-19 Lockdown in the North East of England. 英格兰东北部儿童年龄组在 COVID-19 封锁前和封锁期间虐待性头部创伤发生率和严重程度的变化。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-08-23 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.265

Thomas Salisbury, Neda Qurashi, Qasim Mansoor

{"title":"Change in Incidence and Severity of Abusive Head Trauma in the Paediatric Age Group Pre- and During COVID-19 Lockdown in the North East of England.","authors":"Thomas Salisbury, Neda Qurashi, Qasim Mansoor","doi":"10.22599/bioj.265","DOIUrl":"10.22599/bioj.265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is currently the accepted terminology that encompasses previously used terms such as non-accidental injury (NAI) or non-accidental head injury (NAHI) and shaken baby syndrome (SBS). It is AHT and its ocular manifestations that ophthalmologists are vital in identifying and reporting.Objectives: To investigate whether there is a change in the incidence or severity of AHT pre- and during COVID-19 lockdown.Participants and settings: AHT cases reported between March-June 2019 and March-June 2020. Data will be collected from ***** **** ********* NHS Foundation Trust.Methods: A retrospective comparative study.Main outcome measures: Comparison of total number of children reported to child protection services pre- and during lockdown.Severity of reported cases.Ophthalmic involvement.Results: Of the pre-lockdown safeguarding referrals, 5/61 (8.19%) had confirmed AHT, and 4/40 (10%) of the during lockdown group were confirmed AHT. The absence of teachers was evident, as in the pre-lockdown group 40% (2) of referrals originated from schools compared to none during the lockdown period. Ophthalmic involvement was not present in any of the pre-lockdown cases and only 50% (2) of the during lockdown cases, with the appropriate proforma only used in one of these cases. Unfortunately, no further statistical testing was meaningful in light of the small sample size.Conclusions: The loss of the early warning detection mechanism provided by schools and health visitors may have contributed to both the change in presentation and severity of cases during the lockdown. There is also a need for ophthalmology and paediatrics to collaborate to ensure AHT cases are thoroughly investigated and documented.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9414736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40366770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using a Computerised Staircase and Incremental Optotype Sizes to Improve Visual Acuity Assessment Accuracy. 使用计算机楼梯和增量视型尺寸来提高视力评估的准确性。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-07-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.271

Anna O'Connor, Chloe King, Ashli Milling, Laurence Tidbury

{"title":"Using a Computerised Staircase and Incremental Optotype Sizes to Improve Visual Acuity Assessment Accuracy.","authors":"Anna O'Connor, Chloe King, Ashli Milling, Laurence Tidbury","doi":"10.22599/bioj.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.271","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the impact of visual acuity results on diagnosis and management, it is essential that the test is accurate, determined by factors such as test-retest variability. Standardisation improves accuracy, which can be performed via a computerised staircase methodology. Standard clinical tests with scoring of 0.02 per optotype implies an incremental score per optotype despite optotype size remaining constant on each line. The aim of this study is to establish if near continuous incremental optotype display and scoring improves test-retest variability compared to current testing methods.Methods: A computerised three up, one down adaptive staircase was used to display Kay Picture optotypes on an LCD monitor. Three methods of visual acuity assessment were undertaken: ETDRS, Kay Pictures and computerised Kay Pictures. Tests were performed twice under standard clinical conditions.Results: One hundred nineteen adults were tested. Test-retest variability for computerised Kay pictures was 0.01 logMAR (±0.04, p = 0.001). Good levels of agreement were observed for computerised Kay pictures in terms of test-retest variability, where the test had the smallest mean bias (0.01 logMAR compared to 0.03 and 0.08 logMAR for Kay Pictures and ETDRS respectively) and narrowest limits of agreement. Participants performed better in computerised Kay pictures than Kay Pictures by 0.03 logMAR, and better in ETDRS than computerised Kay pictures by 0.1 logMAR.Conclusion: Computerised Kay pictures exhibited a low test-retest variability, demonstrating it is reliable and repeatable. This repeatability measure is lower than the test-retest variability of the ETDRS and Kay Pictures tests.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40594164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Characterizing Refractive Errors, Near Accommodative and Vergence Anomalies and Symptoms in an Optometry Clinic. 表征屈光不正，近调节和会聚异常和症状在验光诊所。

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal Pub Date : 2022-07-14 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.267

Samuel O Wajuihian

{"title":"Characterizing Refractive Errors, Near Accommodative and Vergence Anomalies and Symptoms in an Optometry Clinic.","authors":"Samuel O Wajuihian","doi":"10.22599/bioj.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22599/bioj.267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Refractive, accommodative and vergence parameters and associated anomalies cause symptoms of asthenopia. Patients consult eye care practitioners mainly due to symptoms they experience. To enhance targeted treatments from various anomalies, it is relevant to study symptoms with associating anomalies.Aim: To determine the frequencies of refractive error, accommodative and vergence anomalies, and their associations with symptoms in sample of Black South Africans.Method: This prospective, cross-sectional study comprised consecutive participants aged 10-40 years who attended the author's optometry practice in a Black population in South Africa. Visual acuity, refraction, accommodative and vergence tests were performed. Anomalies were classified as either single measure or syndromes based on the number of failed clinical signs.Results: Participants (n = 254) had mean age 22.6 ± 7.22 years. Ninety-four were male (37%) and 160 were female (63%). The frequencies of syndrome anomalies were accommodative insufficiency 17 [(6.6%) 95% CI 3.9-10.5%)], accommodative infacility 32 [(12.6%)] 8.7-17.3%] and convergence insufficiency 22 [(8.6%, 5.1-12.3%)]. Frequencies of coexisting anomalies were refractive error and accommodative 150 (60.0%), refractive error and vergence anomalies 136 (54.4%) and vergence and accommodative disorders 155 (62.0%). Most patients were symptomatic (70.9%). Headache was the most frequent symptom (41.1%).Conclusion: Accommodative anomalies were more frequent than refractive error and vergence anomalies. The high frequency of anomalies suggests a high uptake of optometric services for asthenopia. Accommodative anomalies were the most symptomatic. The study highlights the need for diagnosing visual symptoms and coexisting anomalies. Establishment of validated study protocols for all accommodative and vergence anomalies is recommended.","PeriodicalId":36083,"journal":{"name":"British and Irish Orthoptic Journal","volume":" ","pages":"76-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9284986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40644246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4