International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Pain Alleviation by Electronic Acupuncture Pen versus Ethyl Chloride Spray during Local Anesthetic Injection Procedures: A Randomized Split-mouth Clinical Trial.","authors":"Meghna Bhargava, Pallavi Vashisth, Sathyajith Naik, Shivangi Sharma, Resham Payak, Shilpa Kumari","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3546","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most tiresome aspect for pediatric patients is the fear and pain caused by injections, called \"belonephobia.\" There are numerous methods that can help in reducing the pain during LA administration. Injection-related discomfort has been reduced by topical anesthetics, acupuncture, distraction tactics, and the use of heat or cold.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the electronic acupuncture pen and ethyl chloride spray in alleviating pain during local anesthetic (LA) injection procedures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-four children aged 12-16 years were selected in the study to receive LA in a bilateral split-mouth technique. Each participant was divided into two groups. In group A, an acupuncture pen was used on the first visit on one side, and cryoanesthesia through the ethyl chloride spray was administered on the next visit, on the opposite side. In group B, cryoanesthesia through the ethyl chloride spray was applied on one side on the first visit, and on the next appointment, an acupuncture pen on the other side was administered. Numerical rating scale and Wong-Baker Facial Pain Scale (WBFPS) were used as tools of evaluation after local anesthesia was administered.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results indicated significant changes in pulse rate over time within each treatment group, but showed a greater increase in the acupuncture pen group. On the numerical rating scale (NRS), the mean score for the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) group was 4.550 ± 1.468, while the ethyl chloride group had a lower mean score of 2.851 ± 1.424 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). On the WBFPS, the TENS group had a mean score of 3.400 ± 1.465, whereas the ethyl chloride group recorded a significantly lower mean score of 1.200 ± 1.005 (<i>p</i> = 0.001). These results indicate that the ethyl chloride group experienced significantly lower pain levels compared to the TENS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TENS through the electronic acupuncture pen and ethyl chloride has proved its efficacy as a topical pain reduction measure during dental treatment, and also overcomes the shortcomings of the anesthetic gels, abolishing the chances of hypersensitivity and disagreeable taste.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"833-838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Tell-Read-Do Technique in Comparison with Ask-Tell-Ask Technique and Conventional Tell-Show-Do Technique in Management of Anxious Pediatric Dental Patients Aged 7-10 Years: An Interventional Clinical Study.","authors":"Priyanka S Lekhwani, Samruddhi Lodha, Nikhil Marwah, Dhanashree Dalal","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3593","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental anxiety among children is a significant and ongoing concern in pediatric dentistry. Tell-show-do is the most accepted behavior guidance technique and is considered the cornerstone of pediatric dentistry, but due to changing situations of the current era and evolving cognitive abilities of children, several modifications of the tell-show-do approach have been developed. A new technique-tell-read-do-has been developed based on the cognitive development of the child.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the efficiency of the \"tell-read-do\" technique compared with the conventional \"tell-show-do\" technique and \"ask-tell-ask\" technique in managing anxious kids aged 7-10-years during restorative dental treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>90 children aged 7-10 years were randomly divided into three groups: tell-show-do, ask-tell-ask, and tell-read-do. Assessment was done using three parameters: heart rate, facial image scale, and Venham's anxiety scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tell-show-do and tell-read-do groups showed a significant reduction in all three parameters from pretreatment to post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concludes that the tell-read-do technique can be effectively used to reduce anxiety in children prior to dental treatment. Although the tell-show-do is the most recognized method, contemporary shifts in children's learning preferences may enhance the significance of the tell-read-do technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"920-924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Schoolteachers' Knowledge and Experience in the Emergency Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: A Two-center Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"K C Vignesh, Gnanasekaran Felsypremila, R Deepa, Lalitha S Jairam, A Ayesha Beevi, M S Muthu, Raghu Aksshaya","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3554","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) frequently occur in school environments, positioning teachers as critical first responders in emergency management. However, inadequate knowledge among educators may compromise optimal treatment outcomes and the long-term prognosis of affected children.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the current level of knowledge and experience among schoolteachers in two major metropolitan cities in Southern India regarding the emergency management of TDIs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective, two-center cross sectional study was conducted involving 241 schoolteachers from Chennai (<i>n</i> = 120) and Bengaluru (<i>n</i> = 121). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge of dental trauma management, training background, and emergency response protocols. Statistical analysis was performed to identify intercenter differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 70% of teachers lacked formal training in dental trauma management, with internet resources being the primary source of information in Chennai (20.8%). Over 80% reported having witnessed dental trauma incidents, and >75% expressed willingness to provide emergency care. Critical knowledge deficits were identified-fewer than 25% recognized the importance of immediate reimplantation (ideally within 5-20 minutes, as viability significantly decreases after 30 minutes of dry time); over 50% believed that avulsed teeth cannot be reimplanted; and approximately 50% were unaware of proper storage protocols. Significant intercenter differences were observed in emergency care protocols (<i>p</i> = 0.025) and knowledge of storage media (<i>p</i> = 0.009), with teachers in Chennai demonstrating better understanding in these areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Schoolteachers in both centers exhibited substantial knowledge deficits regarding evidence-based management of TDIs. Despite high willingness to assist, current knowledge gaps may compromise optimal treatment outcomes, highlighting the need for structured educational interventions across metropolitan centers in Southern India.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"905-912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Analgesic Outcomes with Low-dose Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine-Adrenaline in Pediatric Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Neeti Mittal, Nidhi Gupta, Sreelakshmi Jayalal","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3588","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim and background: </strong>The present double-blind randomized trial was conducted to evaluate if dexmedetomidine enhances the effect of lignocaine-induced local anesthesia in 4-8-year-old children undergoing mandibular molar pulpectomies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 60 pediatric patients scheduled for mandibular molar pulpectomy, who were allocated into 2 groups. In group A (<i>n</i> = 30), inferior alveolar nerve block was administered with 2% lignocaine containing adrenaline (1:2,00,000), whereas group B (<i>n</i> = 30) received the same solution supplemented with a low dose of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg). The primary variable assessed was intraoperative pain, evaluated through the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability) scale. Secondary variables comprised commencement and persistence of anesthesia, sedation levels, and vital signs. Data analysis was performed using independent <i>t</i>-tests, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children administered the dexmedetomidine-lignocaine combination demonstrated lower pain scores than those who received lignocaine alone, as shown by the Wong-Baker scale (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and the FLACC scale (<i>p</i> = 0.025). Furthermore, the onset of anesthesia occurred in a shorter duration, and the effect persisted longer with the dexmedetomidine-lignocaine combination (<i>p</i> = 0.001). No sedative effects were observed, and all physiological parameters remained stable in both groups of participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The low-dose dexmedetomidine successfully enhanced the effect of lignocaine by providing faster and enhanced anesthesia for better pain control.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Incorporating low-dose dexmedetomidine with lignocaine in pediatric pulpectomies enhances local anesthetic efficacy by reducing pain, shortening onset, and prolonging duration of anesthesia. This combination offers a safer and more comfortable treatment experience for young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"899-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Miniscrew-assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Raheesa Abdurahman, Dilshad Umar, Shafees Koya, Sandeep Shetty","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3551","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that is characterized by collapse of the upper airway during sleep. In some phenotypes, airway obstruction is due to maxillary transverse deficiency. Structural intervention miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has been proposed as a way to enhance airway patency.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of MARPE in the reduction of OSA severity and the improvement of the upper airway dimensions in the pediatric and adult populations in a systematic way.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The search of 6 databases was conducted to find studies that evaluated MARPE in patients with OSA. RoBANS 2 was applied to assess risk of bias, and quantitative synthesis was done on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 of the studies were included (<i>n</i> = 412). MARPE was linked to a pooled AHI decrease of 5.46 events/hour (95% CI: 6.01-4.90). There were substantial volumetric airway enlargements in nasal and nasopharyngeal areas. Appliances that are bone-borne resulted in more skeletal changes in comparison to those that are tooth-borne expanders. Adverse events were few.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MARPE seems an efficient nonsurgical treatment of OSA in patients with maxillary constriction. It provides significant changes in AHI and airway volume, and the risk of complications is low. These findings have to be validated in larger and long-term trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"932-939"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Correlation between IQ and Behavior of 5-10-year-old Children in Dental Operatory: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Shweta Chauhan, Neha Sheoran, Bhavna Gupta Saraf, Charul Gupta, Shikha Vashist, Parul Garg","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3530","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with higher intelligence quotients (IQs) tend to manage dental stress better, follow instructions, and cooperate calmly. Lower IQs may correlate with increased anxiety and reduced compliance. Recognizing these behavioral patterns enables clinicians to tailor supportive approaches, enhancing treatment experiences and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relation between children's IQ and their behavior in the dental operatory.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study evaluated how the IQ of children aged 5-10 years influenced their cooperation during dental treatments. A total of 180 children with no previous dental history, requiring pulpectomy or extraction in primary teeth, were selected for the study. All participants received local anesthesia before the procedure. The children's IQs were measured using the Raven's Progressive Matrices test, and the treatments were subsequently performed. Cooperation levels were assessed using the Modified Frankl's behavior rating scale, ranging from 1 (definitely negative) to 5 (definitely positive). The study analyzed the relationship between IQ scores and the type of cooperative behavior during dental procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study establishes a statistically significant link between higher IQ and better behavioral cooperation in children during pediatric dental procedures. Integrating cognitive assessment can enhance behavior management strategies and optimize clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High IQ enhances children's adaptability in dental settings, enabling tailored behavior modification strategies for more effective treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Understanding a child's IQ helps dentists choose better behavior techniques, improving cooperation and treatment success.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"807-813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Cold-vibration Distraction on Pain Perception during Local Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Nishtha Sardana, Nitika Bajaj, Meenu Bhola","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3555","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Minimizing discomfort during administration of local anesthetics is crucial in pediatric dentistry to enhance cooperation and help create a pleasant experience for young patients. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are used to reduce injection-related pain. This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and cold-vibration distraction technique on pain perception during administration of local anesthesia in children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety cooperative children aged 5-10 years who required local anesthesia for dental treatment were randomly assigned to three groups: group I (TENS), group II (cold-vibration distraction), and group III (conventional syringe). Pain scores were obtained pre and post-administration of local anesthesia using the Wong-Baker faces and FLACC behavioral pain scales. The collected data were evaluated through descriptive and inferential statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three groups demonstrated an increase in pain scores after local anesthetic administration; however, the increase in scores was significantly lower in group I and group II compared with the conventional syringe group (group III). Among the interventions, group II achieved the highest acceptance from the children and appeared to be the most effective at interrupting pain transmission. No statistically significant difference was found between the outcomes of groups I and II.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both TENS and the cold-vibration distraction technique were effective in lowering perceived pain associated with local anesthetic injections in pediatric dental patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Integrating TENS or cold-vibration distraction device into pediatric dental care can improve patient comfort, enhance cooperation, and contribute to more positive dental experiences for children.The study is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2024/08/072603).</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"894-898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Replantation Outcomes of Avulsed Teeth-Influence of Extraoral Time and Storage Medium: A CBCT-based Study.","authors":"Harsh Sanjaykumar Baldawa, R Ramesh","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3591","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tooth avulsion is a severe dental trauma predominantly affecting children and adolescents. Prognosis depends largely on extraoral time and storage medium before replantation. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides superior evaluation of healing outcomes compared to traditional radiography.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the influence of extraoral time and storage medium on clinical and radiographic outcomes of replanted permanent maxillary central incisors in children aged 9-14 years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial was conducted at a private dental college in India over 12 months, from July 2024 to July 2025. A total of 48 avulsed permanent maxillary central incisors from children aged 9 to 14 years were included based on standardized inclusion criteria and grouped according to extraoral dry time and storage medium. Clinical parameters (pain, pocket depth) and radiographic outcomes [lesion diameter (LD), apical diameter (AD), root wall thickness, and tooth-bone resorption] were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months using CBCT and clinical examination. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, correlation, and multiple linear regression, with <i>p</i> < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements were observed in pain (<i>p</i> < 0.001), pocket depth (<i>p</i> < 0.001), lesion diameter (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and tooth-bone resorption (<i>p</i> < 0.001) over time. Tooth-bone resorption was the most protocol-sensitive parameter, with better protocols showing lower resorption scores. Larger lesion diameter and thinner root walls were significantly associated with increased resorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rapid replantation with biologically compatible storage media and adjunctive root-surface treatments optimizes healing outcomes for avulsed teeth. CBCT is an indispensable tool for monitoring healing and guiding prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"839-850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic Efficacy of Lignocaine Added with Magnesium Sulfate during Pulpectomy in Children with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Split-mouth, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Chilukuri Raghuram, Deepika Pai, Kalyana C Pentapati, Nekkanti Sridhar","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3594","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim and background: </strong>Pain control is one of the major challenges of pediatric dentistry. Pain control after an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) during pulpectomy is often challenging in pediatric patients. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of addition of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) to lignocaine hydrochloride on pulpal anesthesia achieved after administration of IANB for pulpectomy in children with irreversible pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>32 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected in this split-mouth study design. Patients received either test or control solutions at two different appointments as an inferior alveolar nerve block. The test solution contains MgSO₄ added to lignocaine hydrochloride, whereas the control solution contains sterile water added to lignocaine hydrochloride. Pain assessment was performed using the Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP-VAS) and the faces, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) scales. Comparison of variables was done using a paired <i>t</i>-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain scores recorded in the test side were significantly lower compared to those recorded in the control side during access opening (FLACC scores on the test side and control side were 2.00 ± 0.76 and 2.47 ± 0.62; HP-VAS scores in the test and control side were 25.72 ± 5.75 and 28.44 ± 5.64). Pain scores during pulp extirpation are: HP-VAS on the test side is 36.68 ± 1.07, and on the control side is 55.74 ± 1.69; FLACC scores on the test and control sides are 2.05 ± 0.94 and 2.61 ± 0.57, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Magnesium sulfate, when added to lignocaine local anesthesia (LA), was successful in enhancing the depth of pulpal anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Addition of magnesium sulfate enhances the depth of local anesthesia while treating primary teeth with chronic irreversible pulpitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"925-931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Tensile Bond Strength of Three Different Glass Ionomer Cements in Silver Diamine Fluoride Treated Carious Dentin: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Anagha Sujith, Parvathy Girija, Jyoti S Issac, Dilip Arjun Shirli, Krishna Balraj, Indulekshmi Mahesh","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3587","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim and background: </strong>Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent and significant public health problems impacting pediatric populations across both developed and developing countries. Given its profound effects on both oral and general health, contemporary strategies emphasize prevention as the primary approach rather than focusing solely on treatment. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has emerged as an effective preventive agent due to its caries-arresting property, thus inhibiting further decay. Building on this, the silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) incorporates the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) following SDF application. This technique not only helps to mask the black staining associated with SDF but also promotes sustained fluoride release, thereby enhancing its therapeutic benefits. Although some studies have examined the bonding of resin cements and GICs to carious dentin treated with SDF, comparative analyses of different GICs in this context are still lacking. To address this, the study was done to evaluate and compare the tensile bond strength of three GICs-a Type IX, a resin-modified, and a bulk-fill glass hybrid variety, EQUIA Forte, with SDF-treated carious dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 54 freshly extracted, defect-free premolar teeth were collected for the study and stored in 10% formalin. The occlusal surfaces were flattened, and each tooth was embedded in an acrylic resin block. To simulate dentinal caries, an artificial lesion was induced using a 14-day pH-cycling protocol. The specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups (<i>n</i> = 18). The control group (group I) had tooth mounted with Type IX GIC following SDF application. Similarly, group II and group III were mounted with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and EQUIA Forte, respectively, following SDF application. The completed specimens were stored in distilled water for 7 days and were tested for tensile bond strength using a universal testing machine. The bond failure at the restoration-tooth interface was recorded in MPa (megapascal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group III showed significantly higher mean tensile bond strength (2.61690 ± 0.31105 MPa), followed by group II (2.397 ± 0.117 MPa), and the least for group I (1.57843 ± 0.09221 MPa).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the three tested groups, EQUIA Forte showed greater bond strength and retention to SDF-treated carious tooth than RMGIC and Type IX GIC. These findings suggest that EQUIA Forte can be effectively employed in carious primary teeth as part of the SMART, offering a reliable restorative option with improved clinical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":36045,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry","volume":"19 7","pages":"820-827"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}