2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)最新文献

{"title":"A numerical model for the simulation of double-diffusive natural convection in a triangular solar collector","authors":"M. Rahman, N. Rahim, N. Amin, R. Saidur","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041485","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical model is presented for the simulation of double-diffusive natural convection in a triangular solar collector. This design is encountered in greenhouse solar stills where vertical temperature and concentration gradients between the saline water and transparent cover induce flows in a confined space. This phenomenon plays an important function in the water distillation process and in the biological comfort. In this double-diffusion problem, the ratio Br of the relative magnitude thermal and compositional buoyancy and Rayleigh numbers are key parameters. Finite element technique is used to solve the governing equations. Numerical results are presented for the effect of the above-mentioned parameters on local heat and mass transfer rate. In addition, results for the average heat and mass transfer rate are offered and discussed for the mentioned parametric conditions. Some interesting results are found in this investigation.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116022976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and modeling of the daylight efficacy in Thailand","authors":"Litthanoulok Laspho, P. Chaiwiwatworakul","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041467","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study the characteristics of the daylight efficacy in Thailand. With the solar irradiance and daylight illuminance measurement at a station in Bangkok, the statistical data of the hourly mean values of the efficacy of global and diffuse horizontal components were derived. This study explores the variations of daylight efficacy with climate conditions as well as the correlations with some insolation parameters. Evaluation of prediction performances of the efficacy models proposed by various authors show that no model is suitable for Thailand. Therefore, new models for luminous efficacy were proposed for Thailand.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125478139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized curvature interior profile for Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) to increase its energy-conversion performance","authors":"A. Nasution, Deka Wahyu Purwanto","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041483","url":null,"abstract":"Suitable techniques to convert country's wind availability (mostly in the low-speed regimes) as a kind of renewable energy source need to be scrutinized to achieve effective and efficient conversion. The Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT) concept offers possibility to cope with such unfavorable situation. In this paper we describe efforts to step-up the potential power augmentation offerred by the DAWT. Modification of internal profile of the diffuser (based on Ohya's configuration without a flange) is done, i.e. by addding an optimized airfoil shape as interior profile of the diffuser. Additional velocity augmentation of 65.5% can be achieved in comparison to one with original flat interior.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128269171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy sector scenario for low carbon society in Thailand towards 2050","authors":"N. Chayawatto, B. Fungtammasan, N. A. Utama, T. Tezuka, K. Ishihara","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041494","url":null,"abstract":"During 1990 – 2007, Thailand's CO2 emission from energy sector increased substantially by 190%, as compared to world average growth of 40% for the same period. To curb CO2 emission, it is of vital importance to understand the impact of energy supply and consumption on emission under different scenarios. This study investigates the abatement options and its associated greenhouse gas under three scenarios in Thailand over a 40-year period (2011–2050). These include Frozen Technology (FT), Official Plan (OP) and Climate Plan (CP) scenarios. FT scenario represents the energy pathway with penetration of existing technologies. OP scenario relies on selected official policy planning e.g. Power Development Plan (PDP 2010). CP scenario comprises various abatement options in energy supply, commercial and residential as well as industrial sectors. The Long range Energy Alternatives Planning Systems (LEAPs) program is used as a tool for constructing the scenarios. The results show that CP scenario offers a more attractive pathway for fulfilling Thailand's GHG mitigation commitments.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121056144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compaction parameters of kaolin clay modified with palm oil fuel ash as landfill liner","authors":"Oyeleke Raifu Brown, M. Yusof, M. Salim, Kamaruddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041463","url":null,"abstract":"Soil compaction consists of closely packing of soil particles together by mechanical means, to reduce void ratio and achieve desired densification. This study examines the compaction parameters of kaolin clay pre-admixed with palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a biomass residue, for the purpose of using the composite mixture as earthen sanitary landfill liner. Standard Proctor compaction tests were conducted on four samples of kaolin clay modified with ground POFA at a step dosage of 0, 10, 20 and 30% dry mass of the clay. For ease in identification, each sample was designated as KP00, KP10, KP20 and KP30 respectively; with respect to increase in % POFA dose. In addition to compaction tests, physico-chemical properties of the samples were analyzed. Property analysis include X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Florescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Specific Surface Area (SSA), the use of Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) for fine particle analysis, mass loss on ignition (LOI), and particle density test. Also, hydrogen ion concentrations in soilsolutions were estimated through direct reading of pH values. Chemical analysis show that SiO2 and CaO in each liner sample increases with increase in %POFA dose. In the presence of moisture during mellowing, prior to densification, CaO detected in the POFA may have released Ca2+ for cation exchange reaction at diffused double layers of clay particles; also, crowdingout effect of excess Ca2+ may have occured, and initiation of pozzolanic reaction. In short run reaction, these processes result in particle flocculation and agglomeration; hence, formation of friable particle aggregation. Both phenomena demand more water ingress in soil cavities. Against this background, increase in POFA dosage from 0 to 30% resulted to a corresponding increase in optimum moisture content, estimated at 12.18%. On the same note, 1.80% reduction in maximum dry density was experienced.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130000000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic technology harnessed fully by using different techniques: Review","authors":"K. Meena, Virendra Kumar, V. Vijay","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041440","url":null,"abstract":"In today's energy demanding life style, there is need for new sources of energy which are renewable as well as eco-friendly because the climate change is one of the biggest challenges for mankind. Many countries initiated production and distribution of several renewable energy technologies to solve the energy problem in rural areas. In India, the per capita energy consumption is 400 KWH per annum, while 350 kgoe per capita primary commercial energy consumption and about 80% of total rural energy consumption comes from non-commercial energy like firewood, agricultural waste, dry cow dung cakes. Among several technologies the anaerobic digestion technology, has been proved to be viable and emerged as a promising technology because biomass is available as domestic resources in India (biomass availability in India is of 150 million MT per annum), require less capital investment and per unit production cost as compare to other renewable energies. The another major issue is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses and this could be solved by anaerobic digestion technology (1 kg biomethane is equivalent to the reduction of 25 kg CO2) with various advantages like; replace the fossil fuels, reduce or eliminate the energy footprint of waste treatment plants, reduce methane emission from landfills, replace the industrially produced chemical fertilizers etc. Recent life cycle assessment studies have demonstrated that biogas derived methane (biomethane) is one of the most energy efficient and environmentally sustainable way of replacement of fossil fuels in both heat and power generation. In anaerobic digestion other than its merits, certain constraints are also associated with it. Most common among these are the low gas production in winter, low gas production from agricultural residues, large hydraulic retention time and digester design etc. Therefore, need of different techniques to remove its various limitations to achieve optimized gas production and helpful for rural areas. This paper reviews the various techniques, which could be used to solve the constraints occur during the gas production and harnessed fully anaerobic technology.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132390735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat extraction from gradient layer using external heat exchangers to enhance the overall efficiency of solar ponds","authors":"Y. Yaakob, A. Date, A. Akbarzadeh","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041453","url":null,"abstract":"A salinity gradient solar pond is a combined solar collector and thermal energy storage system, and in past heat has been successfully extracted from the lower convective zone (LCZ) in working ponds. This paper discusses possibility of heat extraction from the non convective zone (NCZ) using an external heat exchanger. Here, two methods of heat extraction from different levels within the NCZ using external heat exchanger are presented. The first method uses thermosyphon effect to transfer the heat from different levels in NCZ to the binary fluid. The second method uses pumps (forced convection) for heat extraction. This paper presents theoretical modeling and experimental results for thermosyphon based heat extraction method. Later theoretical predictions and experimental results have been compared. This investigation shows good prospects for application of this system for heat extraction from NCZ of large solar ponds. By extracting heat from the NCZ the efficiency of a solar pond could be increased up to 30%.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"1996 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128208742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel production from mutton tallow","authors":"Selva Ilavarasi Panneerselvam, L. R. Miranda","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041441","url":null,"abstract":"Presently the world's energy needs are met through non-renewable resources such as petrochemicals, natural gas and coal, with the exception of Hydroelectricity and nuclear energy. Diesel fuels have the essential function in the industrial economy of a developing country and are used for transport of agricultural and industrial goods. The high energy demand in the industrial world as well as in the domestic sector and pollution problems caused due to the widespread use of fossil fuel make it necessary to develop the alternate energy from renewable sources with lesser environmental impact than traditional one. Thus, an alternate energy must be from a fuel which must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and readily available. One possible alternative is the use of oils of plant origin, which is termed as Biodiesel. It is a biodegradable, non-toxic, domestic resource thereby relieving reliance on petroleum fuel imports. It also has more favorable combustion emission profile, such as low emission of CO, particulate matter and unburned Hydrocarbon. CO2 produced by combustion of Biodiesel can be recycled by photosynthesis, thereby minimizing the impact of Biodiesel combustion on the green house effect. Though the heating value of Vegetable oil is similar to that of diesel fuel, their use in Direct Injection diesel engine is restricted by the physical properties like viscosity which is approximately 10 times higher than diesel fuel thereby creating poor fuel atomization, incomplete combustion, carbon deposition on the injector, fuel buildup in the lubricant oils resulting in serious engine fouling. These problems may be alleviated by employing various treatments like dilution with a suitable solvent, emulsification, pyrolysis and Transesterification. Transesterification is a common well established chemical reaction in which linear monohydroxyl alcohols reacts with vegetable oils which are triglycerides of fatty acids, in the presence of a catalyst. It is actually the replacement of alcohol group from an ester by another alcohol. Alkali catalyzed transesterification is considered to be the best amongst all methods available for the production of biodiesel from fresh oil. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to use mutton fat as low cost sustainable potential feed stock for biodiesel production. Effect of various process parameters such as amount of catalyst, temperature, amount of methanol and reaction time on biodiesel production was investigated. The optimal conditions for processing 50 g of mutton fat were obtained. Under optimal conditions, the yield of mutton fat methyl esters was 93.2%. The fuel properties like Density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, cloud point, iodine value, saponification value, pour point and cetane value was estimated. Mutton fat was found to be highly suitable to produce biodiesel with recommend fuel properties.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133569091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermogravimetric analysis of palm oil wastes decomposition","authors":"Zakir Khan, S. Yusup, M. M. Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041464","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal decomposition of palm oil wastes i.e. palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm oil fronds (POF) was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under non-isothermal conditions. Thermogravimetric (TG) and its first derivative profiles were depicted to show different breakdown regions for PKS and POF. The decomposition region of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was identified. Kinetic parameters i.e. activation energy, pre-exponential factor and order of reaction were then evaluated from the profiles for the temperature range of 50–900°C at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. Nearly 60 wt% of palm oil wastes decomposed at the temperature less than 400 °C. The thermal decomposition of palm oil wastes fitted well as first order kinetics with correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.99. The activation energy of PKS and POF was 35 and 41 kJ/mol, respectively. This fundamental study provides the basic information on palm oil wastes decomposition which can benefit our current development work on palm oil wastes steam gasification unit.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132429583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of iron loading on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of Fe/CeO2 catalysts in palm kernel shell steam gasification to hydrogen","authors":"M. Mohamad, A. Ramli, S. Yusup","doi":"10.1109/CET.2011.6041501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CET.2011.6041501","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen has emerged as one of the sustainable fuels in the next future that can be used in internal-combustion engine. Hydrogen produced from catalytic gasification of biomass generates clean and higher efficiencies automotive fuel. The use of catalyst in the biomass gasification is effective to elevate hydrogen content and to reduce tar formation. This work presents the development of Fe supported Ceria catalysts for palm kernel shell (PKS) steam gasification to hydrogen. 2.5–10wt% Fe/CeO2 catalysts have been prepared using incipient wetness impregnation method for 6 hours, dried at 120 °C for 16 hours and later calcined at 500 °C for 16 hours. The catalysts were characterized for their crystal structures using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), reducibility using Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), surface area, pore size and pore volume using N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and morphology using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). XRD results confirmed the formation of solid solution of iron-cerium oxide, with cubic CeO2 structure which is in agreement with FESEM images. As evaluated by surface area and pore analyzer, it was established that the Fe/CeO2 catalysts are nonporous and its surface area increases with increasing of Fe loading. TPR profiles show the overlapping of two reduction peaks, related to the surface Fe and CeO2. A shoulder peak evolved, attributed to the reduction of Fe3O4 to Fe. The 2.5wt % Fe/CeO2 catalyst indicates the maximum H2 production with the least formation of CO2 and CH4 from PKS steam gasification. It is likely that the formation of H2 reduces with increasing of Fe loading.","PeriodicalId":360345,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124862197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}