Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Global breastfeeding efforts: a long way to go.","authors":"Hye-Jung Shin","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01361","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of neural tube defects in tertiary care university hospital in Bangladesh.","authors":"Ismat Jahan, Md Arif Hossain, Shah Nizam Uddin, Sadeka Choudhuri Moni, Mohammad Kamrul Hassan, Sanjoy Kumer Dey, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, Mohammod Shahidullah","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although national population-based birth defect prevalence estimates are unavailable for Bangladesh specifically, data extrapolated from the March Dimes Global Birth Defects Report indicate a prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) of 4.7 per 1000 live births.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NTD among infants born at a tertiary care multidisciplinary referral hospital in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Live born infants with NTD were prospectively enrolled in 2015-2021. Each enrolled NTD case was examined for type, location, and associated anomalies. The overall and annual prevalence rates were then calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10,372 newborns were enrolled; of them, 68 had NTD (incidence, 6.4 [range, 4.59-11.2] per 1000 live births). The mean maternal age was 27.49 ± 4.72 years. Three-quarters of the NTD cases were detected at birth, and 94% of the mothers reported not taking periconceptional folic acid supplements. The meningomyelocele complex was the most frequent location. Two peaks in incidence were noted in 2017 and 2021 (10.28 and 11.2 per 1000 live births, respectively). The distribution of different NTD types included meningomyelocele at 53%, encephalocele at 26.6%, meningocele at 16%, and anencephaly at 4.4%. A male predominance was noted overall except for anencephaly. The most common location was the lumbosacrum (47%). The NTD was isolated in 20.59% (14/68) of cases and associated with other malformations in 80% (54/68) of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of NTD was 6.4 per 1000 live births at a leading tertiary care multidisciplinary referral center in Bangladesh. However, this figure might not reflect the incidence of NTD in the wider population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of obesity on pulmonary function of preschool children: an impulse oscillometry study.","authors":"Anuvat Klubdaeng, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Apinya Palamit, Pawinee Charoensittisup, Khunphon Mahoran","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01053","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing global prevalence of obesity poses significant public health problems, as obesity exerts adverse effects on many systems and lung function. However, research on the lung function of preschool children with obesity is limited and inconclusive. In addition, studies specific to obesity indices that influence lung function in young children with obesity are limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate lung function of obese versus normal-weight preschool children using impulse oscillometry (IOS) and identify obesity indices predictive of altered lung function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled obese children aged 3-7 years as well as age- and sex-matched normal-weight controls. The participants underwent IOS assessments that measured the resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and 20 Hz (R20), the difference in resistance between these frequencies (R5-R20), reactance at 5 Hz (X5), resonance frequency, and reactance area (AX). We compared these parameters between groups and analyzed the correlations between obesity indices and IOS measures within the obese group using multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 68 participants (n=34 each group). In the obese group, significantly higher values were observed for R5 (adjusted for height, P=0.02; % predicted, P=0.01; z score, P<0.001), R5-R20 (absolute value, P=0.002; adjusted for height, P=0.001), and AX (z score, P=0.01). AX adjusted for height showed a greater trend (P=0.07). The waist-to-height ratio was the most robust independent predictor of total and peripheral airway resistance, with increases in R5 (b=1.65, P=0.02) and R5-R20 (b=1.39, P=0.03) and a near-significant correlation with AX (b=12.12, P=0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preschool children with obesity exhibit impaired lung function, characterized by elevated total and peripheral airway resistance. Waist-to-height ratio was the strongest predictor of these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"319-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of stroke in children and young adults in Indonesia: a multicenter private hospital study.","authors":"Jeanne Leman, Veli Sungono, Yosua Timotius Haryono, Muhammad Adam Mudzakir, Dewi Lestari Rahmawati, Callistus Bruce Henfry Sulay, Gilbert Sterling Octavius","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01214","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most studies that estimate the occurrence of childhood stroke use heterogeneous methods and rely on International Classification of Diseases codes, a strategy that may be unreliable.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of childhood stroke in Indonesia using imaging and clinical data from a private hospital network.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used consecutive retrospective multicenter data samples collected in 2019- 2023. The study cohort included children aged >28 days to young adults aged 24 years with confirmed ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 1-year occurrence was calculated, and the data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 26.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 5 years, the performance of 8,987 CT and 6,133 MRI scans resulted in the identification of 1,074 stroke cases. The average patient age was 14.8±7.0 years. Stroke occurrence was highest in 2021 (9.08%) and lowest in 2022 (5.91%). Male patients accounted for 67.9% of cases, with hemorrhagic strokes accounting for 83.4% of the total, primarily resulting from accidents (73.2%) and predominantly occurring in the frontal region (37.1%). A significant majority of cases (66.7%) were reported in Java. Males had a relative risk of 1.93 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.52; P<0.001) for hemorrhagic stroke versus females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of childhood stroke revealed critical epidemiological trends and disparities, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions and enhanced stroke prevention strategies in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral organoid research for pediatric patients with neurological disorders.","authors":"Jin Eun, Jung Eun Lee, Seung Ho Yang","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01235","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells offer a groundbreaking foundation for the analysis of pediatric neurological diseases. Unlike organoids from other somatic systems, cerebral organoids present unique challenges, such as the high sensitivity of neuronal cells to environmental conditions and the complexity of replicating brain-specific architectures. Cerebral organoids replicate the human brain development and pathology, enabling research on conditions such as microcephaly, Rett syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, and brain tumors. This review explores the utility of cerebral organoids for modeling diseases and testing therapeutic interventions. Despite current limitations such as variability and lack of vascularization, recent technological advancements have improved the reliability and application of such interventions. Cerebral organoids provide valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying complex neural disorders and hold promise as novel treatment strategies for pediatric neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"269-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements and challenges in neonatal resuscitation: embracing laryngeal mask airways for improved outcomes.","authors":"Jang Hoon Lee","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01088","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"298-299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing an induced pluripotent stem cell bank using urine cells from pediatric patients with neurogenetic diseases.","authors":"Hien Bao Dieu Thai, WonWoo Jung, Sol Choi, Woo Joong Kim, JangSup Moon, ByungChan Lim","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inadequate knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms underlying pediatric neurological disorders impedes their effective treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are essential for exploring the course of neurological diseases because they enable disease modeling at the cellular level.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to generate an iPSC bank using urine cells (UCs) for clinical applications, particularly the study of pediatric neurogenetic diseases. Urine sample collections can benefit a large donor population because they use a non-invasive, painless, and simple technique that provides plentiful cells for iPSC generation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>UCs were isolated from the urine of donors with specific diseases (n = 12; seven males, five females). The UCs were reprogrammed into iPSCs using episomal plasmid vectors and key transcription factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, and LIN28). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical analyses confirmed the expression of pluripotent genes (OCT3/4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) and proteins (OCT4, NANOG, SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60). Trilineage differentiation was investigated by immunostaining embryonic body-derived iPSCs for -tubulin III, smooth muscle actin, and alpha-fetoprotein. The genomic stability of the iPSCs was assessed using chromosomal microarray (CMA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UCs were successfully isolated from patients with various early-onset neurogenetic diseases and reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were confirmed as pluripotent and capable of trilineage differentiation as evidenced by the enhanced expression of relevant genes and proteins. The genomic profiles of the iPSCs were assessed using CMA, which revealed that four of the 12 lines exhibited pathogenic chromosomal deletions or duplications. Interestingly, repeated CMA tests using earlier-passage cells resulted in normal findings in one of the four iPSC lines. These findings highlight the need for genetic screening throughout the culture period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here we used UCs to successfully develop an early-onset neurogenetic disease iPSC bank that offers an efficient protocol for expanding patient accessibility in pediatric neurogenetic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C3 glomerulopathy in children: experience at a resource-limited center.","authors":"Soumya Reddy, Abhishek Ghante, Mahesha Vankalakunti, Anil Vasudevan","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01256","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In children, C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by diverse clinicopathological profiles and kidney outcomes. However, diagnostic work-up in resource-limited settings is challenging because of the unavailability of complement assays and limited access to electron microscopy or genetic testing.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and response to immunosuppression and evaluate renal outcomes among children with C3G in a resource-limited setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study involved a review of the hospital records of 46 children (2013-2021) diagnosed with C3G on kidney biopsy. Their clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome details at onset and follow-up were noted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (standard deviation) age was 9 (4) years. The common presentation was acute nephritis (27 [58.6%]), while 1 in 5 (19.5%) presented with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Focal crescentic glomerulonephritis (14 [30.4%]) was the common histological pattern. Electron microscopy was performed in 22 (47.8%), of which 17 were C3 glomerulonephritis and 4 were dense deposit disease (DDD). None of the patients underwent complement assay or genetic testing. Almost two-thirds (63%) received empirical immunosuppressive therapy, most commonly steroids. Of the 31/46 who completed follow-up (median [interquartile range] duration, 11.5 [6-24] months), 6 (19.4%) demonstrated complete kidney recovery, while the other 25 (80.7%) had kidney sequelae; of them, 5 (16.1%) progressed to end-stage kidney disease and 2 (4.3%) died by the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric C3G has a variable clinicopathological spectrum, while DDD is less common. Most patients present with glomerulonephritis and significant morbidities. The lack of genetic and C3Nephritic factor testing is a barrier to the comprehensive phenotyping and management of C3G in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"311-318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia: a review of current concepts, association with nonophthalmological conditions, and treatment strategy in children and adolescents.","authors":"Yeon Woong Chung","doi":"10.3345/cep.2025.00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopia, among the most common vision disorders worldwide, is projected to affect approximately 50% of the world's population by 2050. Its prevalence is particularly high in East Asia, posing a considerable public health challenge. In particular, high myopia, defined as ≤6.0 diopters, significantly increases an individual's lifetime risk of vision-threatening complications. Moreover, recent studies revealed that non-ophthalmological factors such as body stature, sleep patterns, and nutritional status are strongly correlated with the progression of myopia, particularly in childhood and adolescence, underscoring the need for a systemic approach to its control. Current therapeutic approaches include optical correction, pharmacological treatment, and increased outdoor activity. Optically, defocus-incorporated multi-segment spectacle lenses and orthokeratology have shown efficacy at controlling the progression of myopia through peripheral retinal defocus and corneal reshaping, respectively. Pharmacologically, atropine eye drops, especially at low concentrations (0.05%), have demonstrated efficacy at myopia control with minimal side effects, making them a preferred treatment option for progressive myopia. Behaviorally, increased outdoor activity (minimum 2 h daily) and decreased excessive near work, particularly on digital devices, can help prevent the progression of myopia. Furthermore, studies have aimed to prevent the progression from pre-myopia to myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifelong impact of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood.","authors":"Junhyun Kwon, Eunji Kim","doi":"10.3345/cep.2024.01445","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2024.01445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated blood pressure (BP) during childhood and adolescence is increasingly being recognized as a precursor to adult hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review examines the existing evidence of the relationship between early BP elevations and long-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Previous studies demonstrated a moderate association between childhood BP and adult hypertension, with early BP elevations contributing to subclinical CV changes such as left ventricular hypertrophy and increased carotid intima-media thickness as well as major premature CVD events in adulthood. However, evidence also indicates that BP normalization before adulthood may mitigate these risks, suggesting a critical interventional window before irreversible CV changes occur. Multiple modifiable and nonmodifiable factors contribute to early-life BP elevations, including genetic predisposition, a high sodium intake, obesity, sedentary behavior, and sleep disturbances. Although establishing a direct causal association between childhood BP and adult hypertension or CVD remains challenging owing to the need for longterm follow-up and large sample sizes, further research is essential to addressing the existing knowledge gaps in pediatric hypertension prevention, detection, impact, and treatment. This review highlights the importance of preventing BP elevations early in life to reduce the longterm burden of hypertension and CVD. Promoting healthy behaviors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, reducing one's sodium intake, engaging in physical activity, and ensuring adequate sleep, is essential for managing BP at an early age. These efforts reduce individual CV risk and help alleviate the broader future public health burden of hypertension and CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"278-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}