Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)最新文献

{"title":"Life and capacity improvements in lead acid batteries through metal control additives","authors":"T. J. Clough, J. Wertz","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905105","url":null,"abstract":"Metal impurities can be particularly detrimental in valve regulated lead acid batteries (VRLA) operating on the oxygen recombination principal. A number of metal impurities can exert a deleterious effect on the performance of VRLA batteries by affecting one of more of the performance requirements of the VRLA batteries such as by increasing oxygen evolution at the positive electrode, increasing hydrogen evolution at the negative electrode, inhibiting full recharge of the negative electrode, increasing negative plate self discharge and increasing the amount of water lost by the battery in this electrolyte limited system. The control of these adverse effects has been approached through the use of metal control additives in the negative plate and in polymeric separators. Results are presented in both the negative active material and in different polymeric separators for the ES-A4 metal control additive which is capable of 99%+weight percent uptake of certain metals at both 8 and 38 weight percent sulfuric acid concentrations with less than 1% release. Results are presented showing the additive's low binding efficiency for trace amounts of soluble lead ion and it's superiority over other metal control approaches. Further results with metal control additives used in concert with porosity additive in the negative active material are reviewed to show enhanced electrolyte diffusion to the metal control additive resulting in a shift of equilibrium and rate to improved binding efficiency.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134439020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence reads battery state-of-health in three minutes","authors":"I. Buchmann","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905135","url":null,"abstract":"This work is a response to the growing need for quick testing battery reliability. Accurate quick battery testing is important as current chargers and analyzers do not provide an accurate state-of-health reading. This paper examines the development of firmware based on fuzzy logic which significantly affects the introduction of precise quick battery testing. The paper describes the Cadex 7200 battery analyser with QuickTest function.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133402330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization characteristics of electrochemical battery hybrid system","authors":"L. Jarvis, T. Atwater, P. Cygan, M. P. Roberts","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905152","url":null,"abstract":"The polarization characteristics of potential electrochemical components of an unregulated battery hybrid system were studied. The components under study included two lead-acid cells (2 Ah prismatic cell and a 1 Ah cylindrical cell), and a 1.7 Ah cylindrical nickel metal hydride cell as the high power density but low energy density component, and a 30 Ah zinc-air cell as the high energy density but moderate power density component. The prismatic lead-acid cell was found to have more favorable characteristics than the cylindrical design for an electrochemical battery hybrid system. In comparison to the lead-acid system, the nickel-metal hydride cell, because of its greater charge potential and current required, is not a good candidate for an unregulated hybrid system. The zinc-air system has desirable polarization characteristics for the high-energy hybrid component. Overall, under identical load and cut-off voltage, a hybrid system utilizing the zinc-air and lead-acid batteries provided 40% greater energy than a zinc-air/nickel-metal hybrid system, translating to longer operational time.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130938074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical behaviour of lead film electrodes on copper and aluminum in sulfuric acid solutions","authors":"L. Yolshina","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905130","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations have been carried out on the deposition of compact uniform and continuous lead layers on the surfaces on aluminum and copper nets. No defects in lead layer were studied by scanning tunnel microscopy. The lead film electrodes on the copper and aluminum nets feature good electrochemical and corrosion characteristics.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134426406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving a high pulse power system through engineering the battery-capacitor combination","authors":"H. Brandhorst, Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905115","url":null,"abstract":"The advancing technology of thin, lightweight, and high power ultracapacitors has been one of the most exciting and important developments in electronic components. The technology provides a new dimension for engineers and designers to manage the power and energy used in electronic products. The batteries will not have to be oversized to accommodate a peak power demand. A combination of battery and ultracapacitor (hybrid power system) can improve the battery capability for power peaks and also extend battery lifetime. This paper discusses results of an ultra-thin hydro-amorphous ruthenium oxide ultracapacitor. The unique electrochemical characteristics of this ultracapacitor allows it to provide a much higher pulse current capability over the battery-only system. The ultracapacitor is 0.1 cm thick, 14 cm/sup 2/ in area, and weighing 2.6 g has the capability to deliver over 30 W pulse peaks. By combination of an ultracapacitor with the battery, the pulse performance of traditional alkaline primary battery can be significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131231733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of US Nanocorp(R)-SNL joint development of thermal-sprayed thin-film cathodes for thermal batteries","authors":"R. Guidotti, F. Reinhardt, J. Dai, T. Xiao, D. Reisner","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905113","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plasma spray to deposit thin metal-sulfide cathode films is described in this paper. Conventional electroactive stack components in thermal batteries are constructed from pressed-powder parts that are difficult to fabricate in large diameters in thicknesses <0.010\". Plasma-sprayed electrodes do not suffer from this difficulty, allowing greater energy densities and specific energies to be realized. Various co-spraying agents have been found suitable for improving the mechanical as well as electrochemical properties of plasma-sprayed cathodes for thermal batteries. These electrodes generally show equal or improved performance over conventional pressed-powder electrodes. A number of areas for future growth and development of plasma-spray technology are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123351329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced lead acid battery designs for hybrid electric vehicles","authors":"D. Edwards, C. Kinney","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905127","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors present a high power, lead acid battery design that has demonstrated long life. The design uses horizontal plates with multiple lug connectors to deliver high power for hybrid electric vehicle applications. The horizontal plate configuration helps improve life by allowing for better thermal management and mechanical compression. They use computer models that were previously developed to estimate the specific energy performance of this battery when different conductive and/or nonconductive additives are mixed into the active material. They investigate both spherical as well as different aspect ratio additives. They show how the use of small, conductive additives could double the specific energy performance of lead acid batteries (i.e. from 30-35 Wh/kg to 60-70 Wh/kg). However, the exact size of the additive required to accomplish this improvement has never been verified. They therefore suggest some possible experiments to determine the particle size and the amount of additive material needed to make this dramatic improvement in specific energy.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfabricated secondary batteries for remote, autonomous, electronic devices","authors":"R. Lafollette, J. Harb, P. Humble","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905153","url":null,"abstract":"Lacking from much of MEMS technology is a viable strategy for supplying power. In particular, MEMS intended to be autonomous require microscopic energy storage. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design of microscopic batteries to fill this need. Energy storage strategies for MEMS, and design considerations for batteries, are reviewed. The experimental results of initial microscopic battery demonstration is also presented. A range of secondary battery chemistries were demonstrated in miniature or microscopic prototype cells, with both solid and liquid electrolytes. Their various attributes and performances were assessed, and two different chemistries were selected for initial development, Ni/Zn and Li/ion. Successful versions of the sealed Ni/Zn and unsealed Li-ion cells have been demonstrated. The batteries are fabricated using existing MEMS fabrication procedures, so that complete integration is possible. These batteries offer far more energy storage capability than a capacitor, sufficient to operate many MEMS devices for extended time periods without a significant recharge. Autonomous and remote MEMS devices thus become feasible. The use of integrable microscopic batteries in MEMS represents a significant enablement of MEMS technology.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126591504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid electric vehicle commercialization issues","authors":"L. Browning, S. Unnasch","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905098","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. One of the largest issues in commercializing hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is the cost and life of the batteries. This is particularly true with plug-in HEVs that can provide all-electric operation for a given range. In this study, various hybrid electric vehicle configurations were analyzed for battery size, cost and predicted battery life. Battery lifetimes were calculated based upon a deep-discharge model using various driving scenarios and charging frequencies. Two plug-in HEV models were considered, namely an HEV with a 20-mile all-electric range (HEV 20) and an HEV with a 60-mile all-electric range (HEV 60). Four \"real world\" driving schedules were analyzed based upon survey responses of approximately 400 drivers. The results from the survey were grouped by one-way daily commute distance. Total annual and all electric miles were calculated for each vehicle configuration and driving schedule, using the survey results. Using all-electric fuel economy and battery size calculated using the NREL ADVISOR model, battery energy use was calculated during each vehicle lifetime for each scenario. Using a deep-discharge model, the number of deep discharge cycles were calculated for each driving situation and vehicle configuration to determine the all-electric battery driving potential in terms of total vehicle miles and calendar years. Based upon the calculations, the HEV 20 had an all-electric battery driving potential of approximately 29000 all-electric miles before the battery degraded below 80% of its original capacity (assumed to occur after 1750 deep-discharge cycles). The HEV 60 had an all-electric battery driving potential of approximately 87000 all-electric miles. Because HEVs also use a gasoline engine to operate in a charge sustaining mode, this all-electric potential translated into 46000 to 174000 total vehicle miles for the HEV 20 and 104000 to 220000 total vehicle miles for the HEV 60, depending upon driving patterns and charging frequency. While in some cases, the HEV 20 might exceed its total battery all-electric driving potential during the vehicle lifetime, there are several methods to mitigate the need for battery replacement. These are explained in this paper. In the event battery replacement is needed, replacement costs are estimated under two commercial scenarios.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127918061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal abuse studies on lithium ion rechargeable batteries","authors":"E. Roth, C. Crafts, Daniel H. Doughty","doi":"10.1109/BCAA.2001.905158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BCAA.2001.905158","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal stability of Li-ion cells with intercalating carbon anodes and metal oxide cathodes was measured as a function of state of charge and temperature for two advanced cell chemistries. Cells of the 18650 design with Li/sub x/CoO/sub 2/ cathodes (commercial SONY cells) and Li/sub x/Ni/sub 0.85/Co/sub 0.15/O/sub 2/ cathodes were measured for thermal reactivity in the open circuit cell condition. Calorimetric techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) were used to characterize these cells in both full cell configuration and as individual electrode components. The effects of thermal aging on cell thermal response were also investigated.","PeriodicalId":360008,"journal":{"name":"Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.01TH8533)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126650052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}