应用生态学报最新文献

{"title":"[Ecological stoichiometric imbalance drives the responses of soil bacterial communities to nitrogen addition in an alpine meadow].","authors":"Chen-Xing Lian, Qiu-Fang Zhang, Fei Ren, Lan-Ping Li, Jing-Qi Chen, Quan-Xin Zeng, Yue-Min Chen, Biao Zhu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient for the productivity of grassland ecosystems, and can indirectly affect the structure of microbial communities, especially bacterial communities, by altering soil properties. In this study, we conducted a field nitrogen addition experiment in the alpine meadow of Haibei in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Urea was used as the nitrogen source. Five nitrogen addition levels were set up: N₀ (control, no nitrogen addition), N₅₀ (50 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), N₁₀₀ (100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), N₁₅₀ (150 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), and N₂₀₀ (200 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1). In the third year of the experiment, we collected soil samples of the surface layer to measure soil physical and chemical properties, stable isotope δ¹⁵N, and microbial biomass. The microbial stoichiometric imbalance was calculated, and bacterial community characteristics (composition, diversity, and community assembly) along the nitrogen addition levels were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Through correlation analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, and phylogenetic-bin-based null model analyses, we investigated the driving mechanisms of the changes in soil bacterial community composition and community assembly. The results showed that: 1) Nitrogen addition significantly altered soil bacterial community composition, but did not change the α diversity of soil bacteria. 2) Nitrogen addition significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen content by 85.7% and reduced the stoichiometric imbalance of carbon:nitrogen by 40.6%. Soil inorganic nitrogen content and carbon:nitrogen stoichiometric imbalance were significantly correlated with bacterial community composition and the relative abundance of the dominant phylum (<i>i.e</i>., Bacteroidetes), indicating that bacterial taxa were significantly influenced by soil available nitrogen and stoichiometric imbalance. 3) The stochastic process (54.7%-56.8%) dominated the community assembly of soil bacteria across all treatments. Nitrogen addition had no significant effect on the community assembly of soil bacteria. In conclusion, soil available nitrogen and the resulting stoichiometric imbalance were the primary factors regulating the relative abundance of bacterial taxa under nitrogen addition. Our findings provide a scientific basis for predicting the changes of soil microbial communities in alpine meadows in the context of future environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 4","pages":"1081-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of organic inputs on soil nutrients and microbial metabolism in newly reclaimed farmlands].","authors":"Qi-Jie Yin, Jian-Wu Jiang, Han-Qin Yin, Zong-Kun Yang, Dong-Qin Gong, Gui-Fang Li, Xian-Yao Chu, Wen-Bo Liu, Min Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It remains unclear how soil microbial metabolism responds to organic input and the driving factors during soil carbon fixation and fertilization in newly reclaimed farmlands. We conducted a field experiment to explore the effects of different organic inputs on soil nutrients, organic carbon fractions, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial metabolism, and microbial carbon utilization efficiency in a newly reclaimed farmland with a rice-wheat rotation in Jiande of Zhejiang in 2022. Five treatments were implemented with equivalent C return in addition to conventional chemical fertilizers (NPK): 1) NPK alone (control), 2) NPK + manure + maize straw (MS), 3) NPK + manure (M), 4) NPK + straw biochar-based manure (MBF), and 5) NPK + straw biochar (MB). The results showed that organic inputs significantly enhanced soil nutrients, soil organic carbon fractions, and microbial activity compared to NPK. In terms of soil nutrient improvements, the order was M > MBF > MS > MB, while crop yield followed the order of MS > M > MBF > MB. The active organic carbon contents followed the order of M > MS > MBF > MB, with a 91.7% increase in the M treatment compared with NPK. For recalcitrant organic carbon contents, the sequence was MB > MBF > M > MS, with a 160.7% enhancement in the MB treatment than NPK. The microbial biomass showed the order of M > MS > MBF > MB. Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the M treatment was increased by 81.1%, 140.9%, and 261.1%, respectively compared with NPK. Extracellular enzyme activities followed the order of MS > M > MB > MBF. The MS treatment increased C cycle-related enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and β-cellobiohydrolase) by 176.3%, 180.4%, and 439.2%, respectively, and N cycle-related enzyme activity (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase) by 331.4% compared with NPK. Results of Mantel correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were the primary drivers of extracellular enzyme activities during the wheat and rice growing seasons. Enzyme vector models and partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil microbial metabolism in the newly reclaimed farmland was constrained by both carbon and phosphorus contents. Organic inputs alleviated phosphorus limitation by improving soil nutrient availability and decreased microbial carbon use efficiency by increasing active organic carbon content. In summary, organic inputs played a positive role in soil carbon fixation and fertilization in the newly reclaimed farmland. Among the treatments, MBF showed the best comprehensive effect on soil carbon fixation and fertilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 4","pages":"969-983"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of exogenous growth regulators on physiological characteristics of cold resistance of <i>Rhizophora stylosa</i> seedling with different ages under low temperature stress.","authors":"Zi-Long Ouyang, Xiang-Lu Jia, Wei-Chao Teng, Jing-Zhong Shi, Xiu Liu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-temperature stress is a critical abiotic stress limiting the regional distribution, ecological community patterns, and cultivation industry of <i>Rhizophora stylosa</i>. To assess the role of plant growth regulators in enhancing the cold resistance and recovery of <i>R. stylosa</i> seedlings under low-temperature stress and rewarming conditions, we evaluated the physiological responses of 1-year and 2-year old <i>R. stylosa</i> seedlings to low-temperature stress (day 10 ℃/night 5 ℃) and subsequent rewarming (day 30 ℃/night 20 ℃) in a climate chamber. Seedlings were treated with four types of plant growth regulators: 6-benzylpurine (6-BA, 50, 100, and 150 mg·L^-1), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 50, 100, and 150 mg·L^-1), gibberellin (GA₃, 100, 200, and 400 mg·L^-1), and auxin (IAA, 100, 200, and 400 mg·L^-1), with water as the control (CK). We analyzed the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic adjustment substances, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the leaves. The results showed that low-temperature stress disrupted physiological homeostasis, and increased MDA content by 40.0% and 37.8% in 1- and 2-year old seedlings, respectively. Application of growth regulators significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) and the soluble protein and soluble sugar content while reduced MDA content. The maximum reduction in MDA content was 35.1% and 42.5% in 1-year-old seedlings and 37.5% and 34.8% in 2-year-old seedlings during stress and rewarming, respectively, indicating improved resistance and recovery. The 2-year-old seedlings had stronger adaptability to low-temperature compared to the 1-year-old seedlings. GA₃(100 and 200 mg·L^-1), IAA (150 mg·L^-1), 6-BA (400 mg·L^-1), and NAA (50 mg·L^-1) were most effective in mitigating low-temperature stress and promoting recovery in <i>R. stylosa</i> seedlings. These findings offered insights to enhance the cold resistance and resilience of <i>R. stylosa</i> under climate-induced abiotic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"780-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope characteristics of precipitation and identification of water vapor sources in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains, Inner Mongolia.","authors":"Chen-Ge Lyu, De-Bin Jia, Yu-Sheng Hao, Zi-Qin Shang, Shao-Feng Guo, Guo-Ying Xie","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the water cycle and water vapor sources of precipitation in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains in Inner Mongolia, by collecting precipitation samples from June 2022 to May 2024 at the Inner Mongolia National Ecosystem Observation and Research Station. We analyzed the isotopic characteristics of precipitation and the influencing environmental factors by the backward trajectory model, potential source contribution analysis, and concentration weighted trajectory analysis, and explored water vapor sources and the potential evaporation source areas across different seasons. The results indicated that the isotopic composition of precipitation showed significant seasonal variation, with enrichment in the warm season and depletion in the cold season. The slope of the local meteoric water line (7.82) was lower than that of the global meteoric water line, and that of the shelterwood forest (6.57) was lower than the primary forest (7.39), suggesting precipitation in the shelterwood forest was more significantly influenced by secondary evaporation. During the research period and in the cold season, the temperature effect in precipitation was significant, with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.94, while the effect of precipitation amount was not significant. In the warm season, water vapor sources of precipitation primarily originated from the westerly winds (48.9%) and terrestrial evaporation (31.9%), and it predominantly came from westerly winds (66.9%) and Arctic Ocean moisture (42.9%) in the cold season. The potential evaporation source regions during the warm season were mainly located in the northwest, north, and southeast of the study area, while in the cold season, they concentrated in the northwest and north.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"859-867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of leaf functional traits and adaptive strategies of dominant woody species in rocky desertification habitats in karst area.","authors":"Meng-Ni Li, Yong-Jun Jiang, Yu-Rui Cheng, Ze Wu, Qiu-Fang He, Jia-Bin Li, Chun-Feng Zhao, Feng Qian","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To clarify the response of leaf functional traits of dominant woody plants in karst areas to variations of soil characteristics across different rocky desertification habitats, we used the method of substituting space for time to examine the characteristics and variation of nine leaf functional traits of five dominant tree species and three domi-nant shrub species in typical primary forest (the early stage of rocky desertification with extremely weak rocky desertification characteristics), secondary forest habitat (the middle stage of rocky desertification with weak rocky desertification characteristics), and rocky desertification habitat (the late stage of rocky desertification with high rocky desertification characteristics), and analyzed the adaptation strategies of those species to habitat change. The results showed that compared with the primary forest habitat, soil water content in the rocky desertification habitat decreased significantly by 60.4%, and soil carbon and nitrogen contents, C:N, and N:P decreased significantly by 72.8%, 35.8%, 55.1% and 56.7%, respectively. Across the three habitats, leaf water content and specific leaf area of dominant tree species were lower than those of shrub species, while leaf dry matter content and leaf carbon content were higher. Among these traits, the variation of specific leaf area was the largest, and that of leaf carbon content was the smallest. The overall variations of leaf traits of shrubs were higher than that of tree species. There were general correlations among leaf traits. The specific leaf area and leaf water content were significantly negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content. Soil water content accounted for 48.6% of the variation in leaf traits, being the main soil factor affecting the variation of karst dominant woody plants. In the dry and barren rocky desertification habitat, leaves presented a combination of high leaf water content, high specific leaf area, low leaf thickness, low leaf dry matter content, low leaf carbon content and low leaf N:P. They adopted a \"fast investment-benefit\" resource acquisition strategy. In contrast, the combination of leaf traits in the relatively humid and nutrient-rich primary forest habitat was opposite to that in the rocky desertification habitat, adopting a \"slow investment-benefit\" resource conservative strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"762-770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on research methods of the surface urban heat island effect based on CNKI bibliometrics.","authors":"Cen Chen, De-Zhuang Liang, Jun Yang, Dong-Rui Han, Zhi Qiao","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.029","DOIUrl":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The urban heat island (UHI) effect is an increasingly prominent local climate issue in the process of global urbanization, significantly impacting human settlement health and energy consumption. Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, we searched and analyzed Chinese journal articles on the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect published during 1980 and 2024. Using CiteSpace software, we conducted a visual analysis of publication trends and keywords to systematically summarize the research advances. We reviewed and discussed the research hotspots, including data sources, identification methods, and evaluation indicators related to the surface urban heat island effect. We also proposed the shortages and challenges in current research, such as identification accuracy, mechanism analysis, and impact assessment. More works should be strengthened in future research, including optimizing multi-source data integration with cross-validation, innovating multi-scale dynamic evaluation methods, and enriching multi-dimension impact assessment systems. By reviewing the development process of surface urban heat island effect research in China, we hoped to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for future research, contributing to the deepening and practical application of the research.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"647-658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in soil aggregates characteristics and soil detachment rate in degraded red soil among different vegetation restoration modes.","authors":"Shi-Qi Zhou, Jie-Ling Wu, Ze-Hua Wu, Qiang Lin, Jie Xi, Qin Zhou, Xuan Zha","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil aggregate traits and anti-erosion ability vary across different vegetation restoration modes. However, it remained unclear how vegetation restoration modes affect soil aggregate characteristics and soil detachment rate. We examined the variations in soil aggregate and soil detachment rate as well as the influencing factors in the low growth efficiency <i>Pinus massoniana</i> forests of Changting County, Fujian Province under five restoration modes, <i>i.e</i>, closure management (M₁), geomantic forest (M₂), planting grass on the whole slope (M₃), low growth efficiency forest transformation (M₄), and the strip grass-shrub belt mode (M₅), with the eroded bare land as the control (CK). The results showed that: 1) Soil detachment rate was significantly decreased by 84.7% to 98.6% under all vegetation restoration modes, while soil organic matter content was significantly increased by 140.2% to 869.4%. 2) The aggregate stability in M₁ was the lowest among the five vegetation restoration modes, and water stable macroaggregates (WR_0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) were significantly lower in M₁ mode than those in M₂, M₃, and M₅, while the fractal dimension (<i>D</i>) and the water-stable aggregate destruction rate (PAD) were significantly higher than the M₂, M₃, and M₅. Soil detachment rate of M₅ was 1.4% of CK, with the highest soil aggregate stability. The WR_0.25, MWD, and GMD in M₅ were significantly higher, while <i>D</i> was significantly lower than that in other modes. 3) Soil organic matter content was closely related with aggregate stability. Soil organic matter content had a positive correlation with WR_0.25, MWD, and GMD, but a negative correlation with <i>D</i> and PAD. 4) Soil detachment rate declined exponentially with the increases of WR_0.25. In summary, the increases in soil organic matter content induced by vegetation restoration played a key role in the formation of water-stable macroaggregates and the reduction in soil detachment rate. We recommend the strip grass-shrub belt mode for vegetation restoration in the red soil regions of southern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"868-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution characteristics and influencing factors of water footprint of food crop production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1989-2018.","authors":"Qing-Hao Meng, Ying Zhang, Yan Ru, Jun-Yao Shi, Feng He, Nan Zhang, Li-Jun Liu, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is an important grain production base in China, which plays an important role in maintaining national food security. Based on the agricultural production and meteo-rological data from 1989 to 2018, we comprehensively analyzed water footprint of three major food crops (rice, wheat, and maize) production in six provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that rice in the six provinces always ranked first in terms of yield per unit area, sown area, and total yield. Water footprint of rice production was also the highest, with an average of 588.6×10⁸ m³, while the water footprint of wheat and maize production was relatively low. In terms of water footprint of per unit yield, wheat had the highest water footprint of per unit yield, with an average of 8.8 m³·kg^-1, followed by maize and rice. In terms of water footprint of per unit area, the three crops showed similar performance, and the overall trend showed a downward trend. The total water footprint of the three crops decreased significantly, from 1000.79×10⁸ m³ in 1989 to 281.34×10⁸ m³ in 2018. Among them, the water footprint of crop production in Zhejiang, Hubei, and Anhui was lower. From the perspective of the composition of water footprint, blue water footprint accounted for the highest proportion, followed by green water and gray water, with the value of 50.1%, 39.6%, and 10.3% respectively. The model analysis showed that economic effect, technical effect, grain planting area, and daily average sunshine hours had a greater impact on water footprint of crop production. Among them, the technical effect had a negative impact and other factors were positive. We proposed strategies to reduce water footprint of production, including the promotion of water-saving irrigation technology, the construction of water conservancy projects, the improvement of fertilizer and pesticide use efficiency, the planting of high water use efficiency varieties and the formulation of relevant policies. Our results revealed the change trend of water footprint of grain crop production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and identified the key factors affecting water footprint, which would provide a scientific basis for the development of water-saving agricultural technologies and water resources management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"885-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term impacts of <i>Cervus nippon</i> on plant community and soil organic carbon accumulation.","authors":"Man-Ting Yang, Mei-Yang Zheng, Song Lin, Fang-Fang DU, Feng Zhang, Gen-Ping Tong, Wei-Jun Fu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large animal activities directly affect forest ecosystems. To understand the impact of <i>Cervus nippon</i> activi-ties on the ecosystem function of the reserve, we investigated the interrelationships among plant community structure, soil physico-chemical properties, and soil organic carbon stocks (SCS) under the interference of <i>C. nippon</i> in a mixed conifer-broadleaved forest located in Qianqingtang of Zhejiang Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of understory decreased with increasing duration (10, 15 and 20 years) of <i>C. nippon</i> captivity, with significantly higher biomass in the forbidden area than each captive area. Plant communities in the captive areas were simpler and more homogeneous than the forbidden area. SCS and organic carbon content in the <i>C. nippon</i> captive area were 10.6%-54.3% and 22.7%-64.5% lower, respectively, than those in the forbidden area. SCS decreased with increasing years of <i>C. nippon</i> disturbance. Additionally, aboveground biomass and its importance values were positively correlated with SCS. Plant factors demonstrated significant direct positive effects on soil nutrients (total potassium and available nitrogen) and SCS, with effect values of 0.818 and 1.076, respectively. The years of <i>C. nippon</i> captivity showed a significant indirect negative effect on SCS (-1.207), a highly significant direct positive effect on soil bulk density (0.926), and a markedly significant direct negative effect on plant factors (-1.069). In summary, the long-term disturbance of <i>C. nippon</i> within a limited range may reduce soil nutrients and SCS in the surface soil by destroying plant community and altering soil structure. Therefore, it was recommended to reconsider and expand the scope of protection for <i>C. nippon</i> to foster the harmonious development of both forests and wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"811-818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of color temperature of visible light camera on vegetation index calculation in unmanned aerial vehicle vegetation remote sensing.","authors":"Jing Xu, Long Yang, Jun-Jian Wang, Zhong-Yu Sun","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vegetation indices based on the spectral information of the RGB three-bands have been widely used in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) vegetation remote sensing. Affected by the automatic color temperature adjustment of cameras, the phenomena of color cast often occur when UAVs acquire RGB images. However, its impacts on the calculations of vegetation indices remain largely unknown. We analyzed the changing trends of 13 vegetation indices for non-vegetation objects, coniferous trees, broad-leaved trees and herbs under the color temperature gradient from 5000 K to 8000 K. The results showed that changes in color temperature significantly affected the calculation results of visible light vegetation indices. With increasing color temperature, the 13 vegetation indices exhibited five changing trends, namely rising, falling, unimodal, stable, and fluctuating. The trends of the normalized green-blue difference index, excess green index, the normalized green-red difference index, modified normalized green-red difference index, visible atmospherically resistant index, blue-green ratio vegetation index, blue-red ratio vegetation index, improved dual greenness index and greenness percentage index with the change in color temperature were affected by neither the object types nor the species. The trends of the triangular greenness index, green leaf index and red-green-blue vegetation index with change in color temperature were affected by both the object types and species identity. The trend of the normalized blue index with change in color temperature was affected by object types but not by species identity. The inter-specific differences within the same vegetation index could be amplified with the increase in color temperature. Weather conditions during image acquisition were a crucial factor influencing data quality. When utilizing vegetation indices calculated from UAV RGB imagery to interpret ecological patterns, strict quality control at the data collection process was necessary. Otherwise, the interpretability of vegetation indices would be weakened due to the impact of color temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 3","pages":"729-737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}