应用生态学报最新文献

{"title":"Extraction of forest disturbance information from multi-source and long-term series of remote sensing data.","authors":"Zhuo-Han Hou, Ying Yu, Xi-Guang Yang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed a method of comprehensive forest disturbance identification system based on the distur-bance characteristics of forest ecosystem and the integrated multi-source remote sensing data to evaluate the overall forest disturbance intensity of Heilongjiang Province from 2001 to 2023. We further conducted disturbance extraction and types identification. The results showed that forest disturbance intensity peaked in 2003, primarily due to large-scale forest fires. The spatial consistency between disturbance detection using the LandTrendr method and the Global Forest Change dataset exceeded 90%. Forest disturbances could be categorized into three types, including fire disturbance, pest disturbance, and logging disturbance. The overall classification accuracy for disturbance types was 87.8% (Kappa coefficient=0.81). Different spectral indices had different responses to disturbance types. Specifically, the normalized burn ratio was the most sensitive to fire disturbance. The normalized difference vegetation index was more responsive to overall vegetation change. The normalized difference moisture index made a more significant contribution to the identification of pest disease, while the modified greenness difference index could assist in detecting logging activities. In conclusion, the integrative analysis of multi-spectral indices and the fusion of temporal features could effectively improve the accuracy of identifying forest disturbance types, which would provide a scientific basis for forest ecosystem management in cold temperate zone of Northeast Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1722-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green gold funnel: A framework of screening indicators for assessing the ecological value of nationally owned natural resources and its application.","authors":"Ming Li, Ni Zhan, Yi Zhang, Hong-Sheng Huang, Hai-Yan Zhong","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving the theoretical framework of natural resource evaluation is beneficial to regional natural resource management and holds great significance for the development of new quality productivity. Based on Coase's theorem, externality theory, ecosystem service theory and assessment requirements, we constructed a conceptual framework, green gold funnel, to screen indicators for the ecological value assessment of nationally owned natural resources. Taking Meiling National Forest Park in Jiangxi Province as an example, we explored the application of this framework in the ecological value assessment scenarios of nationally owned natural forest resources. The results showed that in 2022, the indicators for the ecological value of nationally owned natural resources included timber product supply, water conservation, carbon sequestration, wellness and recreation, and the additive value of landscape. The ecological value of nationally owned natural resources in the experimental area in 2022 was 503.235 million yuan, with wellness and recreation taking the dominant contributors, indicating that the green gold funnel could efficiently select the indicators for assessing the ecological value of nationally owned natural resources. We proposed a green gold funnel conceptual framework for the screening of indicators for ecological value assessment of nationally owned natural resources, and verified its effectiveness with examples, which would provide a scientific basis for the ecological value assessment of nationally owned natural resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1671-1678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age structure and dynamics of <i>Picea wilsonii</i> population in Datong River basin of Qilian Mountains, China.","authors":"Rong-Xia Zhang, Jin-Hong Guan, Hui-Chun Xie, Yong-Gui Ma, Jin-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taking <i>Picea wilsonii</i> population in the Datong River basin of the Qilian Mountains as research object, we analyzed the age structure, population dynamics, and future development trends of the population by constructing static life tables and survival curves, and combining with survival functions, spectral analysis, and time series models. The results showed that based on the inclusive upper limit method with 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) intervals, <i>P. wilsonii</i> population was classified into 15 age classes (Ⅰ-ⅩⅤ), corresponding to four growth stages: juvenile (0 cm<DBH≤20 cm, Ⅰ-Ⅳ), middle-aged (20 cm<DBH≤40 cm, Ⅴ-Ⅷ), mature (40 cm<DBH≤60 cm, Ⅸ-Ⅻ), and old-aged (DBH>60 cm, ⅩⅢ-ⅩⅤ). The abundance of <i>P. wilsonii</i> decreased with age, with juveniles accounting for 58.3%, indicating that the population was in the juvenile forest restoration phase. Throughout the life cycle, both the natural-state dynamic index (<i>V_pi</i>) and disturbance-state dynamic index (<i>V_pi'</i>) were greater than 0, but <i>V_pi'</i> was significantly lower than <i>V_pi</i>, reflecting the dual characteristics of growth potential and ecological vulnerability. The survival curve conformed to the Deevey-Ⅱ B₁ subtype, characterized by survival rates fluctuating around the theoretical diagonal and significant differed in survival numbers between developmental stages. Survival function curves revealed a dynamic pattern of initial growth, mid-phase sharp decline, and late-phase gradual recession in population size. Spectral analysis indicated that population dynamics was dominated by the fundamental wave with minor periodic disturbances, and that the late juvenile and middle-aged stages were critical nodes for population fluctuations. Time series predictions showed that within the next 10 age-class periods, individuals in age classes Ⅲ-Ⅵ would decrease, while those in classes Ⅶ-ⅩⅤ would continue to grow. In conclusion, <i>P. wilsonii</i> population in the Datong River basin of Qilian Mountains is a stable and growing population. If not subjected to severe disturbances, it would develop into a mature forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1740-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of evaluation indicators for artificial cultivation of moss biological soil crusts aiming at enhancing soil erosion resistance.","authors":"Jun-Yu Zhang, Yun-Ge Zhao, Xin-Yu Zhang, Yu Qiao, Shun-Yao Yu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The restoration of moss crust (moss-dominated biological soil crust) through artificial cultivation is of great significance for preventing soil wind erosion and desertification in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the tiny size of moss plant and associated observational challenge hindered the establishment of scientifically validated and standardized indicators for assessing the growth and development of artificial moss crusts. We measured moss crust development indicators, including plant density, coverage, and height every five days during a 60-day cultivation experiment, as well as the dry weight and thickness of moss crust after the cultivation. We determined the eva-luation indicators for the artificial cultivation of moss crusts by analyzing the relationship between those indicators and the stability (characterization of erosion resistance) of moss crusts. The results showed that the new gametophytes germinated after five days cultivation. Plant individual density and coverage of moss crust increased rapidly and turned stable after 35 to 40 days of cultivation. The moss height remained within a narrow range of 1.53 to 1.63 mm during the cultivation. Dry weight of moss and thickness of moss crusts reached 0.0074 g·cm^-2 and 6.30 mm at the end of cultivation, respectively. Moss density exhibited the highest sensitivity to cultivation time, followed by coverage, whereas plant height showed relatively low sensitivity. The stability index of moss crusts cultivated for 60 days ranged from 0.12 to 0.69, which were positively related with plant density and coverage. The comprehensive scoring for development indicators, including moss density, coverage, plant height, biomass, and thickness of moss crusts indicated that moss plant density and coverage are key indicators for assessing the growth and development of artificial moss crusts cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1829-1836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of S-methoprene on growth, development, and reproduction of <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>.","authors":"Jia-Yu Xin, Ting-Wei Zhang, Yue Yuan, Jing-Wen Chang, Fang-Wei Yu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an analogue of juvenile hormone, S-methoprene regulates the development, metamorphosis, and reproduction of insects by interfering with the normal metaboilic level of juvenile hormone in insects, and thus has been widely used as a biochemical insecticide. To clarify the effects of S-methoprene on the growth, development, and reproduction of <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>, we measured the survival rate, developmental duration, adult body size, body weight, longevity, fecundity and reproductive system of <i>A. pisum</i> under different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 mg·L^-1) of S-methoprene by plant mediation in vitro. The results showed that S-methoprene treatment did not affect the survival rate and developmental duration of <i>A. pisum</i>, but had significant effects on body size, adult longevity and fecundity of <i>A. pisum</i> adult. With the increases of S-methoprene concentration, the proportion of sterile adult increased significantly, adult body size and weight decreased gradually, and the adult longevity and reproductive period shortened gradually. The average fecundity of per female and the average daily fecundity per female gradually decreased. At the concentration of 1000 mg·L^-1 S-methoprene, adult body weight (2.41 mg) was 1.30 mg lower than that of the control, and body length (3.74 mm), body width (1.34 mm), hind food tibia length (2.68 mm) and surface area (3.95 mm²) were 12.4%, 15.7%, 11.3% and 26.1% lower than those of the control. The number of sterile adult accounted for 50.9%, and the adult longevity (14.3 d) and reproductive period of <i>A. pisum</i> (12.2 d) were the shortest. The average fecundity of per female (83.5 ind) and the average daily fecundity of per female (6.8 ind·d^-1) were the lowest. Under S-methoprene treatments, the number of newly deve-loped embryos in the ovary of <i>A. pisum</i> adults significantly decreased, and the number of mature embryos with eye spots increased gradually and the appendages such as antennae and feet of mature embryos became more obvious, but the size of the first embryo was significantly reduced. The results showed that S-methoprene shortened adult longevity and decreased fecundity, and significantly inhibited the new embryo production and embryo size in the ovarian tubes of <i>A. pisum</i>. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the potential value of juvenile hormone analogues in regulating aphid population.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1915-1922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil enzyme activity and its stoichiometry characteristics in peatlands with different nutrient types.","authors":"Ling Xu, Dan Xue, Jia-Yue Sun, Qing Zou, Bei-Bei Huang, Lian Liu, Lin Wu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peatlands are important terrestrial carbon reservoirs, and their ecological functions are deeply influenced by nutrient sources and hydrological conditions. However, the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and its driving mechanisms between different types of peatlands are still unclear. We compared soil enzyme activity, enzyme chemical stoichiometric characteristics, and soil physicochemical properties between ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands which differed in nutrient sources and moisture conditions, and further analyzed the main factors driving the differences. The results showed that, in comparison with minerotrophic peatland, ombrotrophic peatland exhibited significantly higher soil water content (SWC), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen, C/P, and N/P ratios, by 715.0%, 42.8%, 38.9%, 84.2%, and 83.2%, respectively. Conversely, soil pH, total phosphorus, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in ombrotrophic peatland were significantly lower than those in minerotrophic peatland by 25.9%, 25.0%, and 68.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of acid phosphatase, β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and peroxidase in ombrotrophic peatland were all more than 1.2 times higher than those in minerotrophic peatland. However, phenol oxidase activity was significantly lower by 50%. Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometric ratios were significantly affected by SWC, pH, TC, C/P, N/P, MBN, and mineral-associated organic carbon. Both peatland types exhibited phosphorus limitation, which was more severe in ombrotrophic peatland. The study has yielded fundamental data on nutrient resource limitations in different nutritional types of peatlands and provided a scientific basis for maintaining the long-term stable deve-lopment of peatlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1880-1888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal variations and trade-offs/synergies of typical ecosystem services in Ordos City.","authors":"Yu-Xin Wang, Ying Zheng, Yong Gao, Yan-Ping Liu, Zhen-Qi Yang, Zi-Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ordos City is located within the Yellow River 'Ji Zi Bend'. Clarifying the spatio-temporal variations and trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services is of great significance for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the InVEST model and remote sensing data, we evaluated the ecosystem services of soil conservation, carbon storage, water conservation, and net primary productivity (NPP) in Ordos City from 2000 to 2020, and analyzed their spatio-temporal variations. We used correlation analysis to explore the trade-offs/synergies relationship among the four ecosystem services, and further revealed the trade-off/synergy intensity and its driving factors by combing the trade-off/synergy index and random forest model. The results showed that the typical ecosystem services in Ordos City showed an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2020. Total soil conservation increased by 3.47×10⁸ t. Carbon storage increased by 0.28×10⁸ t. Water conservation increased by 0.76×10⁷ m³. The annual average NPP increased by 349.54 g C·m^-2. Among all the land use types, grassland and cultivated land had the greatest positive effect on the improvement of regional ecosystem services. Except for the uncorrelated relationships between carbon storage and soil conservation and NPP, the relationships among other ecosystem ser-vices were significantly synergistic. There were trade-offs between soil conservation, NPP, and water conservation in some areas. The main factors driving the intensity of trade-offs/synergies among ecosystem services in Ordos City were rainfall, temperature, slope, and population density. In general, the four typical ecosystem services in Ordos City showed favorable development trends. Based on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of ecosystem services and the driving factors of tradeoff/synergy intensity, more appropriate strategies for continuous improvement of ecosystem services should be formulated in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1661-1670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure optimization of landscape functional spaces based on land input-benefit output synergy in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration.","authors":"Yu-Qi Zheng, Li-Ding Chen, Shu-Meng DU, Chun Li","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Landscape functional spaces, as landscape units that fulfill various societal needs, may constrain regional ecological conservation and socio-economic development when internal imbalances occur between resource inputs and benefit outputs. Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration as a case, we constructed an evaluation index system for land use inputs and benefit outputs across different landscape functional spaces, analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of input-output relationships, employed a coupling coordination model to assess input-output coordination across landscape functional spaces. We constructed four different priority coordination scenarios for input and output: production coordination priority, living coordination priority, ecological coordination priority, and planning orientation priority, and further used the BP-ANN model to simulate optimization schemes for landscape functional spaces under the four various coordination scenarios. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2020, ecological aspects consistently accounted for the highest land use inputs in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, with ecological functions remaining the primary benefit output, while living benefits progressively increased. The overall input-output coordination index improved slightly, rising from 0.43 in 2000 to 0.46 in 2020, predominantly driven by enhanced coordination in production functional spaces. The landscape structure of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration exhibited distinct adjustment requirements under four scenarios. Among them, the production coordination priority scenario should adjust the land layout, the ecological coordination priority scenario should increase the scale of land investment, the living coordination priority scenario and planning orientation priority scenario adjust the land layout while increasing land investment. This study would provide insights into coordinating internal functional spaces in urban agglomerations through land use adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1679-1689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of sap flow of <i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i> in Liupan Mountain to drought types.","authors":"Ming Liu, Jian-Bin Guo, Xue-Wen Lin, Song-Ping Yu, Ming-Yue Bai, Sheng-Gang Chen","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With <i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i> forest in the Xiangshui River sub-basin of the Liupan Mountain area as test material, we monitored sap flow in <i>L. principis-rupprechtii</i> using the thermal diffusion probe during the growing season (from May 13th to September 30th) of 2022 and measured meteorological conditions and soil moisture to explore the water utilization patterns of <i>L. principis-rupprechtii</i> forest under different drought types. The results showed that the piecewise linear function could accurately reflect the variation of the sap flow rate with soil relative extractable water (REW) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Based on the thresholds of the piecewise function, the drought conditions in this area were classified into four types: non-drought (REW≥0.37 m³·m^-3, VPD<0.99 kPa), atmospheric drought (REW≥0.37 m³·m^-3, VPD>0.99 kPa), soil drought (REW<0.37 m³·m^-3, VPD<0.99 kPa), and combined drought (REW<0.37 m³·m^-3, VPD>0.99 kPa). The average sap flow rate of <i>L. principis-rupprechtii</i> was the highest under atmospheric drought (0.042 mL·cm^-2·min^-1) and the lowest under soil drought (0.022 mL·cm^-2·min^-1). The dominant factors influencing the sap flow rate varied across drought types. Under non-drought types, the dominant factors of sap flow were VPD and solar radiation (<i>R</i>_s). Under soil drought, the main influencing factor of sap flow was <i>R</i>_s. Under atmospheric drought and combined drought, the main influencing factors of sap flow were REW and <i>R</i>_s. When facing drought stress, <i>L. principis-rupprechtii</i> would initiate trunk sap flow earlier for trunk water replenishment, with soil moisture as the main limiting factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1690-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a benthic integrity index of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Shichuan River Basin, Northwest China and its health evaluation.","authors":"Hao-Wei Zheng, Yi-Ming Hou, Long-Yao Guan, Zhi-Yuan Feng, En Hu, Xin Zhang, Si-Quan Wang, Bao-Zhu Pan","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202506.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Shichuan River is a primary tributary of the Weihe River and the largest tributary of the Yellow River, which flows through the northern part of the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province. This region is characterized by a delicate and complex ecological environment. We conducted systematic aquatic ecological investigations on four rivers in the Shichuan River Basin in February 2022 (winter), May 2022 (spring), August 2023 (summer), and November 2023 (autumn). A total of 148 benthic macroinvertebrate species were recorded. The number of species followed the pattern of spring (85)>autumn (71)>winter (56)>summer (47). The average density (ind·m^-2) was in an order of autumn (91.2)>winter (88.9)>spring (53.9)>summer (41.9). The average biomass (g·m^-2) exhibited autumn (2.8)>winter (0.8)>spring (0.5)>summer (0.4). By conducting distribution range tests, discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis on 26 parameters of benthic animals in four seasons, we constructed a benthic integrity index (B-IBI) for the Shichuan River Basin. Subsequently, we evaluated the B-IBI health of 20 sampling points (5 reference points and 15 damaged points) which presented significant spatiotemporal variations in the biological integrity. The number of sampling points in a sub-healthy or healthy state in the Shichuan River Basin was in an order of autumn (13)>summer (11), winter (11)>spring (9), with the health condition being the best in autumn. Spatially, the number of sampling points in a sub-healthy or healthy state in the mountainous section (29) was greater than that in the plain section (15), and the health condition in the mountainous section was the better. Environmental factors affecting benthic community structure in all seasons included water depth, flow velocity, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, conductivity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, silicon, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total dissolved solids. Our results could provide support for the ecological management and restoration of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Shichuan River Basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 6","pages":"1898-1906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}