应用生态学报最新文献

{"title":"Advance in <i>NRAMP</i> gene functions in regulating plant heavy metal absorption and transport.","authors":"Jun Ma, Shan Li, Ya-Sheng Wu, Chao-Xing He","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic heavy metals in soil may inhibit plant growth and seriously affect crop yield and quality. Natural resistance-associated macrophage transporter proteins (NRAMP) are widely distributed in the plasma and vacuolar membranes of roots, stems, and leaves. The amino acid sequences of NRAMP are highly conserved and have similar secondary structures among species. These proteins regulate the absorption of heavy metals in soil and their isolation, distribution, and transport to the stem from root. <i>NRAMP</i> gene plays an important role in regulating the absorption and tolerance of heavy metal in soil. Here, we reviewed the structural characteristics of <i>NRAMP</i> family members and their absorption, transport, accumulation, and detoxification effects on various heavy metals in different plant species. The mechanism and regulatory pathway of plant <i>NRAMP</i> gene affecting soil heavy metal absorption were discussed, which might provide a reference for further revealing the mechanism of plant <i>NRAMP</i> family and promoting the improvement of soil producing environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1567-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of drought on the xylem formation process and growth of <i>Betula platyphylla</i> and <i>Fraxinus mandshurica</i>.","authors":"Yu-Shuang Xie, Bing-Xin Han, Di Liu, Yi-Ting Lei, Xiao-Chun Wang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of drought on xylem formation of two-year-old potted <i>Betula platyphylla</i> (diffuse-porous wood) and <i>Fraxinus mandshurica</i> (ring-porous wood) seedlings in Northeast China. With normal water treatment as the control (75% field water capacity), we examined the effects of mild drought (50% field water capacity) and severe drought (30% field water capacity) on xylem anatomical characteristics, stem hormone concentrations, and root enzyme activities. The results showed that mild and severe drought significantly reduced the height of <i>B. platyphylla</i> by 23.5% and 27.0%, respectively, but had no significant effect on the height and basal diameter of <i>F. mandshurica</i>. Severe drought significantly decreased the vessel area of <i>B. platyphylla</i> by 31.0% and 33.5% in the mid-term (2 months of water control) and late-term (4 months of water control) treatment stages, respectively, while significantly increased the vessel density by 63.8% and 47.8%, respectively. In contrast, the vessel area of <i>F. mandshurica</i> change little, but the vessel density significantly increased by 66.1% and 110.5%, respectively. Mild and severe drought significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity in <i>B. platyphylla</i> (45.4% and 35.3%) and <i>F. mandshurica</i> (26.2% and 33.1%), but had no significant effect on catalase activity. Under mild and severe droughts, the activity of peroxidase did not change in <i>B. platyphylla</i> but significantly decreased by 32.0% and 25.0% in <i>F. mandshurica</i>, respectively. Drought significantly decreased the indole-3-acetic acid concentration in stems of both species. The gibberellin concentration in <i>B. platyphylla</i> significantly decreased by 14.9% in the early stage of drought and then stabilized, while in <i>F. mandshurica</i>, it initially increased and then decreased under mild drought but showed no significant change under severe drought. During drought, the abscisic acid concentration in <i>B. platyphylla</i> significantly decreased by 4.3% to 14.1%, while it significantly increased by 7.4% to 16.5% in <i>F. mandshurica</i>, respectively. In conclusion, drought influences xylem formation and growth in broad-leaved trees by regulating hormone concentrations (such as indole-3-acetic acid) and antioxidant enzyme activities (such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase), with the effects being modulated by tree species properties and the intensity and duration of drought.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1289-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of seven kinds of sound sources on electroencephalogram physiology of tourists in forest park.","authors":"Teng-Fei Hui, Jie Zhang, Zhi Yang, Xuan Pei, Shi-Yu Song, Ai-Yun Zhu, Wei Gao, Chun-Lan Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As one of the important environmental factors, sound source in forest park has an important influence on people's visiting experience. In this study, we examined the responses of 32 university students to seven kinds of sound sources in forest park by electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, and analyzed the effects of sound sources on tourists' EEG physiology. The results showed that different sound sources had certain effects on improving tou-rists' sense of security, pleasure and fatigue. Three sound sources, including water sound, insect sound, and rain sound, were the best in improving tourists' sense of security. Wind and traffic noise had negative impacts on tou-rists' sense of security. Tourists had the highest sense of pleasure when listening to the rain, followed by the sound of water and insects. In the effect of relieving tourists' fatigue, the sounds of rain, bird singing, water flow and wind sound were the best. Traffic and human activity sounds, two kinds of artificial sound sources, could not alle-viate people's fatigue. In the different genders, EEG response of females was greater than that of males. Females felt the safest when hearing flowing water, while males felt the safest with the sound of rain. This study revealed the differences in the influence of sound source types on people's EEG physiology. In the future, the design of forest park should build soundscape according to the use requirements and give full consideration of its positive effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1507-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the changes of habitat quality and its influencing factor in the Shanxi Section of the Yellow River Basin based on InVEST-MGWR model.","authors":"Zi-Xuan Hao, Jia-Kai Ma, Ao Wang, Jin-Fang Wang, Zhi-Lei Zhen","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shanxi Province acts as a critical ecological barrier in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and is an important area for ecological protection and high-quality development. With the data of land use, elevation, and gross domestic product (GDP) of the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin (SYRB) in 2000, 2010, and 2020, we employed the InVEST, Fragstats, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models to investigate the distribution characteristics of habitat quality and its influencing factors within the SYRB. The results showed that cultivated land, forest, and grassland were the predominant land use types, followed by construction land and water area, while unused land accounted for small proportion. Between 2000 and 2020, the area of cultivated land in the SYRB had decreased and that of construction land had continuously increased. Habitat quality in the SYRB exhibited a declining trend, with a significant increase in the area of low-quality habitat, while change in high-qua-lity habitat area was not pronounced. Spatially, the habitat quality exhibited a pattern with higher values in the southeast and northwest, and lower values in the central and southwestern regions. The GDP and the rate of land urbanization negatively impacted habitat quality, exhibiting significant negative influences on the Zhongtiao Mountains in the south, the Taiyue Mountains in the east, and the Lyuliang Mountains in the west. Conversely, the aggregation index positively influenced habitat quality, with the range gradually expanding from the central area to the periphery and diminishing over time. The contagion index primarily exhibited negative impact on area with low habitat quality. The patch richness index mainly demonstrated a negative influence on area with high habitat quality. The Shannon evenness index predominantly affected habitat quality negatively in area with high vegetation coverage. Our results indicated the complex interaction between ecosystems and human activities. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of effective ecological protection policies and the sustainable development of ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1478-1486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal variations and driving factors of coastal aquaculture ponds in China from 1985 to 2023.","authors":"Qing-Yun Zhao, Xiao-Jie Wang, Qing-Wen Zhang, Xiang Long, Yang Song, Feng Lu, Jian-Bin Song, Bao-Hua Zhang, Guang-Xuan Han","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the world's largest marine aquaculture country, China accounts for over 60% of the global aquaculture total production. The development of coastal aquaculture is of great significance for ensuring food security in China and even globally. Meanwhile, it also affects the ecological environment of coastal wetlands. Based on remote sensing images and socio-economic data from 1985 to 2023, and in line with the scope of coastal wetlands defined by <i>The Ramsar Convention</i>, we adopted an object-oriented classification method to explore the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of coastal aquaculture ponds in China (excluding Taiwan Province, the same below). The results showed that the area of coastal aquaculture ponds in China generally presented an increasing trend from 1985 to 2023. The growth rate was 68.3 km² per year from 1985 to 2010 and decreased to 17.1 km² per year from 2010 to 2023. From 1985 to 2023, aquaculture ponds in different typical coastal regions of China exhibited obvious spatial variations. Specifically, the areas of aquaculture ponds in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Beibu Gulf showed obvious expansion trends, while those in the Yellow River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The main sources of the expansion of aquaculture ponds were muddy beaches (38.8%), offshore waters (33.3%), and coastal wetland vegetation (14.1%). During the study period, there was a significant negative correlation between the area of mudflats and the expansion of aquaculture ponds, while built-up land, population size and GDP showed significant positive correlations with coastal aquaculture ponds. The expansion of coastal aquaculture ponds was mainly occupied coastal wetland, and it is necessary to coordinate the development and protection of coastal wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1519-1530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelopathy and chemical communication among plants: Questions and reflections.","authors":"Chui-Hua Kong, Peng Wang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allelopathy and chemical communication among plants are the chemical response strategies of plants to coexisting intra- and inter-specific plants. Such intra- and inter-specific chemical interactions of plants actively affect their survival and reproduction, population and community dynamics, as well as ecosystem productivity. Allelopathy and chemical communication are respectively mediated by allelochemicals and signaling chemicals produced and released by plants, while signaling chemicals-mediated recognition and communication may activate the corresponding mechanism of allelopathy among plants. Recent studies have found the chemical recognition among relatives within the same plant species, which can coordinate root behavior, flowering, reproduction, and inter-specific allelopathy through conspecific cooperation caused by kin recognition. Although considerable progress has been made in allelopathy and chemical communication among plants, their role in driving temporal and spatial variations of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems, are far more complex than expected, and hold many worth exploring questions. Accordingly, we elaborated thoughts in allelopathy and chemical communication from five aspects: plant competition and allelopathy and kin recognition, allelopathy and neighbor identity recognition, positive and negative interactions and their utilization strategies, root signal-mediated below- and above-ground interactions, and allelochemicals and signaling chemicals as well as their dynamic capture and identification. The aim of this review was to promote peers to re-examine the chemical interactions among plant species and their effects on plant communities and ecosystems from a new insight and perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1540-1552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of biomass models for <i>Larix olgensis</i> plantation using hierarchical Bayesian seemingly unrela-ted regression.","authors":"Peng-Fei Wang, Li-Hu Dong, Long-Fei Xie, Zheng Miao","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate estimation of forest biomass is of great significance for carbon stock assessment and forest resource management. Hierarchical Bayesian methods, as a statistical approach that can effectively enhance parameter stability, have large potentials in the precise estimation of forest biomass. Based on data from 143 sample trees of <i>Larix olgensis</i> in the Mengjiagang Forest Farm of Heilongjiang Province, we adopted hierarchical Bayesian see-mingly unrelated regression (SUR) to develop a univariate seemingly unrelated mixed-effects model (SURM1) with diameter at breast height (DBH) as the independent variable and a bivariate seemingly unrelated mixed-effects model (SURM2) with DBH and tree height as independent variables. We compared the fitting and predictive performance of restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML) with three hierarchical Bayesian methods: no prior information (Br1), data-derived prior information (Br2), and historical prior information (Br3). The results showed that the SURM2 model significantly outperforms SURM1 in predicting stem biomass and total individual tree biomass, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) reduced by 7.8% and 7.6%, respectively. The hierarchical Bayesian method utilizing data-derived prior information (Br2) demonstrated notably superior parameter estimation stability (with standard deviations ranging from 0.003 to 0.108) compared to REML (standard deviations from 0.052 to 0.540), Br1 (standard deviations from 0.033 to 0.819), and Br3 (standard deviations from 0.038 to 0.771). Predictions based on Br2 yield superior accuracy, with MAPE for SURM1 model predictions of stem, branch, leaf, root, and total biomass being 17.6%, 45.1%, 48.3%, 25.2%, and 17.1%, respectively. The SURM2 model improved the prediction accuracy for stem biomass and total biomass, reducing MAPE by 7.3% and 6.7%, respectively, compared to SURM1. Furthermore, when sample size was small (fewer than 60), incorporating effective prior information could enhance the stability of predictions. The use of data-derived prior information in the Bayesian method demonstrated significant advantages in improving both the accuracy and stability of biomass predictions for <i>L. olgensis</i>, providing valuable support for the precise estimation of biomass in the Heilongjiang Pro-vince.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1298-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences of key processes in soil nitrogen cycling and their driving factors under different land-use types.","authors":"Ming Wen, Yu Liu, Chao-Yang Feng, Wei Ji, Zhuo-Qing Li","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the responses and drivers of soil microbial nitrogen (N)-cycling functional genes under different land-use types, we analyzed five representative ecosystems in the Yellow River alluvial plain: <i>Tamarix chinensis</i> forests, <i>Fraxinus chinensis</i> forests, grasslands, wetlands, and farmlands. With metagenomic sequencing, we quantified the relative abundances of 22 functional genes associated with six critical N-cycling processes. Soil physicochemical properties were characterized. There were significant variations in soil nitrogen (N)-cycling functional gene abundances across land-use types. Wetlands exhibited the highest relative abundances of nitrogen fixation (1.28×10^-5), nitrification (4.91×10^-4), and denitrification (7.03×10^-4) genes, but the lowest assimilatory nitrate reduction potential (1.84×10^-4). Farmlands showed maximal assimilatory nitrate reduction gene abundance (3.31×10^-4), while grasslands dominated in ammonification gene expression (2.35×10^-4), significantly higher than other ecosystems. <i>T. chinensis</i> forests maintained the most constrained N-cycling profile, with minimal nitrification (2.77×10^-4) and denitrification (5.25×10^-4) relative gene abundances. Redundancy analysis identified soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, total potassium, and electrical conductivity as the key environmental drivers of these variations. Our findings demonstrated that land-use types could shape microbial N-cycling functional gene abundances by altering soil nutrient conditions, with consequence on fundamental processes of soil nitrogen transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1387-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of gross primary productivity to compound dry-hot events in Xilingol Grassland, China.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, En-Liang Guo, Yong-Fang Wang, Yao Kang, Ji-Si-Gu-Leng Wu","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored the impacts of compound dry-hot events on gross primary productivity (GPP) of the Xilingol Grassland. Based on MODIS GPP data and TerraClimate datasets, including potential evapotranspiration, maximum temperature, and precipitation, from 2000 to 2023 during the vegetation growing season (May to October), we constructed a standardized compound dry and hot index (SCDHI) by using the standardized temperature index (STI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). We then used Theil-Sen trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of SCDHI and GPP, and used partial correlation analysis and ridge regression analysis methods to quantitatively assess the relationships between STI, SPEI, SCDHI, and GPP, as well as their relative contribution. The results showed that GPP of the study area during the growing season showed a non-significant upward trend (0.79 g C·m^-2·a^-1) from 2000 to 2023, while the SCDHI decreased at a non-significant rate of 0.005·a^-1. In 84.3% of the study area, there was a positive correlation between SPEI and GPP, and the area with a significant negative correlation accounted for only 0.2%. In 69% of the study area, STI was negatively correlated with GPP, while in a few areas, it was positively correlated, with the area of significant positive correlation accounting for 1.8%. In most areas, SCDHI was negatively correlated with GPP, and the significant negative correlation areas were mainly distributed in the central and western parts, accounting for 47% of the area. In the study area, SPEI had the significant dominant regulatory effect on GPP in the northeastern and southern regions, STI had a relatively significant contribution to GPP in the northwestern part of Sunite Left Banner and Duolun County. Meanwhile, GPP in the western and southern regions was greatly affected by compound dry and hot events. This study is of importance for deepening the understanding of the formation mechanisms of compound dry-hot events and guiding the development of disaster prevention and mitigation strategies in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1469-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial variations of high temperature in Ningxia wolfberry producing area, Northwest China from 1961 to 2023.","authors":"Rui Xu, Yang Li, Jian-Ling Yang, Lin-Lin Jiang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Better understanding the long-term and regional variation of summer high temperature weather in Ning-xia is of great significance for the cultivation, agricultural activities and high-quality development of <i>Lycium barbarum</i> industry. Based on the June-August meteorological data of 21 national meteorological observation stations in Ningxia from 1961 to 2023, we evaluated the long-term variations of average maximum temperature, extreme maximum temperature, number of hot days, heat wave frequency and maximum apparent temperature in summer, and analyzed the regional variations of hot weather after the abrupt change of trend. The results showed that the average maximum temperature of June, July, August in wolfberry producing area of Ningxia were 27.5, 29.2 and 27.4 ℃ from 1961 to 2023, respectively, and the warming rates were 0.39, 0.36 and 0.25 ℃·(10 a) ^-1, all of which had abrupt changes in the 2000s. The high temperature area after the mutation mainly concentrated in the middle and northern Ningxia producing area. The monthly extreme maximum temperature of June, July and August were 32.3, 33.7 and 32.5 ℃, respectively, which increased significantly at a rate of 0.30, 0.45 and 0.33 ℃·(10 a) ^-1. There was an abrupt change from 2002 to 2010, and most of the extreme maximum temperature in the middle and northern Ningxia wolfberry producing areas reached higher than 35 ℃ after the mutation. Accordingly, the number of hot days and heat waves showed an increasing trend, and the frequency of the two appeared the highest in July, and Wuzhong, Zhongning, Helan and other producing areas were greatly affected. The maximum apparent temperature increased significantly in summer, with the increase rates of 0.45, 0.41 and 0.31 ℃·(10 a) ^-1 in June, July and August. The abrupt change occurred around 2008, and the increase after mutation was 1.84, 1.77 and 1.54 ℃ compared with that before. Under the influence of wind speed and humidity, the average maximum apparent tempera-ture in June, July and August were 1.10, 2.42 and 2.29 ℃ higher than the average maximum temperature. Air temperature was the main factor driving the level of apparent temperature. Wind speed was a secondary factor in June to July, and relative humidity was a secondary factor in August. We should pay more attention to the influence of wolfberry high temperature stress caused by temperature change under the background of climate warming, and strengthen the ability of high temperature warning and defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":"36 5","pages":"1440-1448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}