环境科学最新文献

{"title":"[Spatial Correlation and Optimization Zoning of Carbon Emission from Land Use in Guangdong Province from the Perspective of Social Network Analysis].","authors":"Ru-Bo Zhou, Wu-Yang Hong","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202408268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202408268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the spatial spillover effects of carbon emissions， scientifically analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of land use carbon emissions and the characteristics of spatial correlation network structures has great guiding significance for the formulation of differentiated emission reduction strategies and the realization of the \"dual carbon\" goals. This paper takes Guangdong Province as the research object and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use carbon emissions in the province from 2000 to 2020 from the perspective of social network analysis. It also conducts a study on the spatial correlation network analysis of land use carbon emissions and carbon balance optimization zoning. The study reveals several important results： ① In the past 20 years， the amount of land use carbon emissions in Guangdong Province has increased significantly， showing an overall distribution characteristic of being higher in the central part and lower around the periphery of the province. ② The carbon ecological carrying capacity of Guangdong Province presents a \"core-periphery\" structure with a gradual increase from the center to the outside. The cities in the Pearl River Delta face greater carbon emission pressure， whereas the northern and western regions have stronger carbon sink functions. ③ Guangzhou， Shenzhen， and Dongguan play a core role in the network， fully receiving spillovers from other sectors and serving as net benefit sectors. The eastern， western， and northern cities， located on the edge， have become net spillover sectors. Zhongshan， Zhuhai， and Foshan act as economic sectors， playing a key \"bridge\" role. The connectivity and network stability of land use carbon emissions among cities are gradually strengthening. ④ Guangdong Province is divided into five carbon balance zones， a carbon concentration zone， carbon regulation zone， high-carbon optimization zone， linkage carbon emission zone， and low-carbon development zone， along with multiple core city areas and action city areas. Based on the characteristics of the different zones， differentiated measures for emission reduction and efficiency enhancement are proposed. The research results provide some references for optimizing the territorial spatial structure and promoting regional collaborative low-carbon development in Guangdong Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5403-5414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Cultivated Soil in Northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau].","authors":"Nan Huang, Yi-Mei Huang, Wei Guo, Yi-Zi Neng, Bi-Cheng Zhang, Yi-Lun Li, Wei Xu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202408238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202408238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the distribution and influencing factors of microplastics in cultivated soil of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， 95 cultivated soil samples from the eastern Qinghai and Gannan regions were analyzed by density separation， metallographic microscopy， and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface layer （0-20 cm） soil of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was 68-3 668 n·kg^-1， and the average abundance of microplastics in the eastern Qinghai and Gannan regions was （1 296±779） n·kg^-1 and （1 421±624） n·kg^-1， respectively. The shapes of microplastics were mainly films （35%） and fragments （31%）， the size was mainly concentrated between 15 μm and 500 μm （54%）， the main color was brown （61%） and transparent （17%）， and the polymer types were mainly polyethylene （45%） and polypropylene （31%）. The abundance of microplastics was positively correlated with soil organic carbon， but it was negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Higher temperature promoted the fragmentation of microplastics， while strong wind and precipitation reduced microplastic pollution to a certain extent. The tertiary industry （especially tourism） and cities were important sources of microplastics with small size （&lt; 500 μm）.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5975-5984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities in the Surface Water Environment of Chaohu Lake].","authors":"Yu-Yu Sun, Hai-Xin Wu, Gui-Jian Liu, Rui-Jia Liu, Si-Zhuang Wang, Miao He","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202408021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202408021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the fifth largest lake in China， Chaohu Lake plays a pivotal role in bolstering the coastal economy and is instrumental to the livelihood of the substantial population residing around its shores. Moreover， it harbors a multitude of distinctive biological species that are characteristic of the region. The pollution problem of Chaohu Lake has been a concern for many decades， and many scholars have conducted antibiotic research around the lake. However， there remains a lack of in-depth research on the microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） in the water environment of Chaohu Lake. Surface water samples were collected from five sampling points established in Chaohu Lake. Point CH1 is the only outlet of the Yuxi River in Chaohu Lake， CH2 is the center of Donghu Lake， CH3 is the center of Zhonghu Lake， CH4 is the inlet of the Nanfei River with heavy pollution in the surrounding area， and CH5 is the center of Xihu Lake， which can better reflect the overall condition of the surface water environment of Chaohu Lake. The distribution characteristics of microorganisms and ARGs in the surface water of Chaohu Lake were analyzed thoroughly by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The study found that Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， and Bacteroidetes were the three dominant phyla of the microbial communities in the surface water of Chaohu Lake and that there were spatial differences in the composition of microbial communities at different points. A total of 146 subtypes of 14 classes of ARGs were detected in the surface water of Chaohu Lake， with aminoglycoside， multi-drug， and sulfonamide ARGs being the main ones. Affected by human activities， the degree of antibiotic pollution in Chaohu Lake has intensified， with the pollution level in the western half of the lake being higher than the level in the eastern half. The microbial diversity and abundance of ARGs in Chaohu Lake are higher in the western half of the lake （CH4 and CH5）， and the overall trend of higher in the west and lower in the east in terms of geographical location may be related to this result. Network co-occurrence analysis was conducted on the top 15 ARGs with relative abundance and microbial phyla. The result showed that there was a high degree of connectivity between microbial communities and ARGs， revealing a significant correlation between microbial communities and ARGs in the surface water of Chaohu Lake. Among them， phyla Armatimonadetes， Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes， and Cyanobacteria had the highest connectivity， and may be potential hosts for multidrug resistance of ARGs. The research results of this in-depth analysis of the microorganisms and ARGs in Chaohu Lake provide data support for the prevention and control of new pollutants in the lake. They also emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and in-depth research on the relationship between microbial communities and ARGs in the water environment of Chaohu Lake， which provide a scientific basi","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5650-5658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Correlations Between Ecosystem Service Values and Landscape Ecological Risks in Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos].","authors":"Xiang-Yuan Meng, Zi-Hao Wang, Bing Wang, Ru-la Sa","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202409091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202409091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos is an important economic development \"Golden Triangle\" in western Inner Mongolia， and it occupies an important ecological position in the construction of an ecological security barrier in Inner Mongolia. With the rapid development of the economy and improvements in urbanization， the frequent conversions of various types of land in the region have brought challenges to ecological security. Based on the land use data of 1990， 2000， 2010， and 2020 in the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos Region， at the scale of 5 km × 5 km grid， this study analyzed the dynamic transformation features of land utilization， ecosystem service worth， and scenic ecological peril in this area from the two dimensions of ecosystem services and landscape ecological risk， and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model was constructed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamic changes and correlation between ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk. The results of the study follow： ① In 1990， 2000， 2010， and 2020， the total value of ecosystem services in the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos Region was 167.661 billion， 166.572 billion， 164.669 billion， and 165.813 billion yuan， respectively. Grasslands and water bodies provided relatively high ecosystem service values. ② The landscape ecological risk levels were mainly moderate and lower， and the area of medium and lower risk increased. The areas with higher and high risk levels were mainly distributed in the east， while the west and south were mainly characterized by lower and low ecological risk levels. ③ There was a spatial positive correlation between the ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk in the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos Region， with the main relationships being low value-low risk and high value-high risk clusters. The high value-high risk areas were mainly distributed in the east， while the low value - low risk areas were mainly distributed in the west and south， with obvious spatial distribution characteristics and strong regional significance levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5941-5950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact and Mechanism of the Digital Economy on Energy Carbon Emissions in Coastal Areas].","authors":"Ye Duan, Juan-Juan Zhong, Cai-Zhi Sun","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202406073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202406073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on panel data of 81 cities at or above the prefecture level in China's coastal provinces from 2012 to 2021 and relying on the quasi-natural experiment of the National Digital Economy Innovation and Development Pilot Zone， this paper uses DID and PSM-DID methods to explore the digital economy driven by data elements and the impact of development on energy carbon emissions in coastal areas. The research results show that the development of the digital economy has significantly reduced energy carbon emissions in coastal areas and that the emission reduction effect has strong potential. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the emission reduction effect of the digital economy is particularly significant in the northern coastal area and that the effect is more prominent in cities with low Internet development levels and low social consumption levels. The intermediary effect test further confirms that the digital economy has effectively reduced energy carbon emissions in coastal areas by improving technological innovation， adjusting industrial structure， and optimizing resource allocation. Remarkably， development of the digital economy not only mitigates local emissions but also positively influences energy carbon emissions in neighboring cities. Consequently， leveraging the Pilot Zone's development experiences， policy strategies should be optimized for inclusivity and flexibility， emphasizing the digital economy's pivotal role in pollution and carbon reduction efforts in coastal areas and thereby contributing to achievement of the \"double carbon\" goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5454-5464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research Progress on Removal of Microplastics by Filtration in Drinking Water Treatment].","authors":"Hui-Juan Xin, Jia-Jun Wu, Wei-Gao Zhao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202407325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202407325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics （MPs）， as an emerging contaminant， have garnered significant attention in the field of drinking water research because of their widespread distribution in the environment and potential for biological toxicity. Currently， varying levels of MPs have been detected in drinking water treatment plants （DWTPs）， and media filtration， as a key barrier in the effluent of DWTPs， offers advantages such as easy scalability， low operating costs， green and sustainable purification， and potential for improved removal efficiency of MPs. Moreover， plastic particles can be effectively removed through mechanisms such as screening， filtration， interception， adsorption， size exclusion， cake formation， and electrostatic attraction/repulsion. Therefore， to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of media filtration in removing MPs in DWTPs， a thorough investigation of the sources and current status of MPs in DWTPs was initially conducted， an in-depth analysis of the contribution of media filtration in removing MPs was performed， and a brief overview of the mechanisms of media filtration removal of MPs was presented. Additionally， a comprehensive evaluation of the various factors affecting the effectiveness of media filtration in removing MPs was conducted. The results indicate that wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） are a significant source of MPs in surface and groundwater， that media filtration is notably effective in removing MPs larger than 10 μm， and that its effectiveness is limited for MPs smaller than 10 μm. The efficiency of media filtration in removing MPs is influenced by the properties of the MPs themselves， the nature of the filter media， and the hydraulic and aqueous chemical properties. Finally， future research directions were prospected from several perspectives， including the quantification and analysis methods of MPs， the development and optimization of efficient media filtration technologies for small-sized MPs， and the impact of micro-interface behavior during media filtration on the migration and removal mechanisms of MPs， with the goal of providing a theoretical foundation and technical reference for optimizing media filtration processes to remove MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5951-5960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the Synergistic Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Pollution and Carbon Reduction].","authors":"Yue-Ming Gao, Jian-Tong Wang, Wei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yu Cai, Hong-Qiang Jiang, Wei-Jing Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202408180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202408180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the continuous advancement of urbanization， the construction of wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） in China is developing rapidly， but there is a lack of synergistic research on pollution and carbon reduction in WWTPs. To quantify the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction， a synergistic performance evaluation system for pollution and carbon reduction at WWTPs was constructed. The coupled coordination model was used to calculate the synergy index of pollutant reduction， carbon emission reduction， and cost control system， and the synergistic effect of pollution and carbon reduction of 640 WWTPs in southern China was evaluated. Finally， the influencing factors of the synergy index of pollutant and carbon reduction were further investigated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. The results firstly showed that WWTPs with the A2/O process performed best in terms of pollutant reduction， with higher pollutant reduction per unit of effluent； WWTPs with the A2/O process and SBR-type process had lower carbon emission intensity per unit of effluent， demonstrating a good carbon emission reduction； and WWTPs with a scale of more than 50 000 t·d^-1 had the lowest cost per unit of effluent treatment， showing strong cost control ability. Secondly， nearly 80% of WWTPs had realized a better pollution reduction and carbon synergy effect， reaching a highly coordinated level， especially the WWTPs with the A2/O process. The pollution and carbon reduction synergy effect improved as the scale of the WWTPs became larger. Thirdly， the synergy index was positively correlated with pollutant indicators， but it was negatively correlated with carbon emission intensity and cost indicators. The comprehensive reduction of pollutants per unit of wastewater was the most strongly positively correlated indicator， while the cost of treatment per unit of wastewater was the most strongly negatively correlated indicator. The study showed that WWTPs should urgently develop energy-saving green transformation paths and measures in carbon emission and cost control on the basis of pollutant emission standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5587-5594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatiotemporal Changes and Influencing Factors of Habitat Quality in the Weihe River Basin from 1990 to 2020].","authors":"Zheng-Long Yan, Fan Gao, Bing He, Lu Wang, Fang-Hong Han","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202406256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202406256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluating habitat quality can be useful in determining how economic development and biodiversity conservation relate to one another. The habitat quality module of the InVEST model was used in this study， which was based on land use data from four periods： 1990， 2000， 2010， and 2020. The study area was divided into three units： cold spots， hot spots， and random， using spatial autocorrelation and Getis-Ord <i>G_i</i>^* analysis. Geodetectors were used to analyze the effects of elevation， slope， population density， GDP， precipitation， air temperature， and other factors， and geoprobes were used to examine the impacts of terrain， human activity， and meteorological conditions on the habitat quality in the Weihe River Basin. The results showed that the overall trend of habitat quality in the study area was increasing and that most of the areas were in excellent condition during 1990， 2000， 2010， and 2020. Spatially， the habitat quality was higher at the northern and southern edges of the watershed and lower around the city. Habitat quality in the study area was spatially heterogeneous， with population density and GDP being the main drivers of habitat quality in the cold spots， precipitation and elevation serving as the main drivers in the hot spots， and topography， human activities， and meteorology serving this role in the insignificant areas. Moreover， the interaction among two factors increased the impact on the change of regional habitat quality in the different areas in the four years. The results of this study provide an objective basis to support the evolution of regional ecological environment quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5850-5860"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessing the Ecosystem Service Value in a Developed County Based on Multi-scenario Simulation of Land Use： A Case Study in Jiangyin].","authors":"Hai-Yan Shao, Cheng Jin, Lin Sun, Yu-Qi Lu, Lu-Yao Wei","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202407039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202407039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land is the key substrate for carrying ecosystems， and assessing ecosystem service value through multi-scenario simulation of land use has provided an important reference for coordinating ecological protection and economic development. Taking Jiangyin City as the study area， we utilize the intensity map of land use change， PLUS model， and ecosystem service value measurement model to analyze the characteristics of land use change in the developed county in China， portray the future land use pattern， and further explore the changes in ecosystem service value under multi-scenario simulation. The study produced several important results： ① The land use structure of Jiangyin City has shifted from a single structure dominated by cropland to a dual structure dominated by cropland and built-up land. The changes in the tendency types of water body to cropland and built-up land to water body reflect the regional law of land use change in the developed county along the Yangtze River in eastern China. ② The ecosystem service values under the scenarios of natural development， cropland conservation， ecological conservation， and eco-economics are 1.463， 1.638， 1.477， and 1.488 billion yuan， respectively. The ecological steering of county land use acts on the value differences of various scenarios. ③ The spatial heterogeneity of different ecosystem service values is remarkable， with the value of soil conservation， windbreak， and sand fixation showing a distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south and the value of carbon fixation and oxygen provision showing a spatial characteristic of high in the middle and low in the north and south. Therefore， it is necessary to adopt classified and zonal policies to promote the enhancement of ecosystem service values. The research is a beneficial supplement to the existing progress on the impact of land use change on ecosystem service value and provides an empirical basis for sustainable development decision-making in rapidly urbanizing regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5919-5929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis， Evaluation， and Prediction Model of Water Quality in the Weihe River Basin].","authors":"Jing-Xin Zhang, Qing-Wang Cai, Zi-Yi Kang, Ming Cong, Ling Han, Jiao-Jie He, Li-Wei Yang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202408033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202408033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the largest tributary of the Yellow River， the Weihe River plays an important role in the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the new comprehensive water quality index （WQI-DET）， a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the water quality status and spatiotemporal differences of the Weihe River was conducted using differential analysis methods. Principal component analysis was used to determine the main types of pollutants， and geographic detectors were used to quantify the possible driving factors of water quality in the basin. On this basis， machine learning algorithms and high-frequency monitoring data were used to simulate and predict WQI-DET. The study produced some important results： ① Organic pollution， eutrophication nutrient pollution， hexavalent chromium pollution， and fluoride pollution are all present in the Weihe River Basin， with poor water biodegradability， imbalanced nutrient structure， and severe nitrogen pollution. The water quality has not improved fundamentally in the past three years. The temporal and spatial differences in water quality indicators in the Weihe River Basin are significant， and there are seasonal characteristics of indicators such as organic pollution， nitrogen pollution， and turbidity. There are differences in water quality between different tributaries and the upstream， midstream， and downstream portions of the main stream， and pollutants show the characteristic of accumulating along the drainage. The non-point source pollution of agricultural production and the point source pollution of domestic wastewater are the main sources of organic pollutants and eutrophic nutrients in the Weihe River. At the same time， some tributaries of the Weihe River are affected by industrial source pollution， and heavy metal pollution is relatively serious. The geographical exploration results showed that the water quality of the watershed is influenced by both human activities and natural conditions. The machine learning model can accurately predict the WQI-DET of the Weihe River. Using six indicators from daily monitoring data， the WQI-DET （<i>R</i>²&gt;0.92） was accurately simulated and calculated through the COA+BP model. Based on high-frequency daily monitoring data and the calculation results of the COA+BP model， a VMD+CNN-GUR-SE model was established to achieve calculation of future WQI-DET， thus realizing prediction and calculation of Weihe River water quality. The introduction of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms， variable mode decomposition， and attention mechanisms significantly improved the performance of the model.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 9","pages":"5619-5640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}