International Affairs and Global Strategy最新文献

{"title":"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), An Obsolete Security Institution or A Group of Self-Seeking Elitists: Re-thinking Reform","authors":"Felix Nana Kofi Ofori","doi":"10.7176/iags/91-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/91-04","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that elitist tendencies in NATO’s leadership coupled with the support of its leading states, induced it to commit humanitarian catastrophes in parts of Europe and Middle East. These mundane policies portray NATO as an entity with blunt strategic vision to protect the security needs of its member states in the 21 st century. Similarly, the article contends that, although NATO has played a formidable role in stemming proliferation of nuclear arms and stability of the Euro-Atlantic area, some evidence suggest that the entity has outlived its usefulness. Finally, the article recommends that NATO should divest from its military expeditions in order to acquire new expertise in cyber technology; so as, to remain relevant to the international community thereby contributing towards the stability of the transatlantic project.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128882088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Social Capital Accounts for a Variation in Desistance and Its Relative Impact on Desistance at the Louisiana State Penitentiary","authors":"Geraldine Doucet","doi":"10.7176/iags/91-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/91-03","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the social capital accounts for a variation in desistance and its relative impact on desistance at the Louisiana State Penitentiary. The study adopted a survey research design, binary logistic regression, and a primary data source with a sample of 144 respondents to explore the study. The primary data source comes from the Louisiana State Penitentiary based on self-reported face-to-fact survey interviews initially taken May 2007 and followed by face-to-fact interviews officially obtained data over the period of a year and eight months regarding the same sample population. Results suggested that in the Before study, using self-reported data, there were only two social capital variables that were statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance among inmates. These variables were relationship with mother, which had the most predictive power regarding desistance process, followed by the who raised the inmate variable . The strongest of all variables in this study was the punishment adjustment, in particularly the psychological coping one.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114749857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posture Fortification of Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla Republik Indonesia) in Realizing Indonesia’s Maritime Security","authors":"Yana Hardiyana, Tsl Toruan, D. Sianturi","doi":"10.7176/iags/90-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/90-03","url":null,"abstract":"With the enactment of Republic of Indonesia Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Marine, the task of patrolling security and safety in Indonesian territorial waters and Indonesian jurisdiction becomes the responsibility of Marine Security Agency (Bakamla). From this information the question arises, how can Bakamla be formed with tasks that are very complex but not supported by adequate postures. Therefore, with a gap in the implementation of this policy, the researcher conducted this research with the aim of analyzing the implementation of policies carried out by Bakamla in relation to the policy of strengthening Bakamla's posture and analyzing the factors that support and hinder the implementation of Bakamla's strengthening policies and formulate what strategies are good for carrying out strengthening of Bakamla's posture. The research data was collected through informants from Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) based on interview and documentation methods. Then the data is analyzed with Edward III's theory which uses 4 variables that can influence Policy Implementation, namely the Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure variables. Each variable is analyzed its actual condition, then the actual condition of each variable is combined to produce a conclusion about the implementation of policies on strengthening Bakamla. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of policies regarding Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) tasks faced with Bakamla's current posture has not been implemented optimally. The factors that cause the policy to be unable to materialize are due to the four analysis tools / variables used in accordance with Edward III's theory, there is one variable that still does not meet the realization of the policy implementation on strengthening Marine Security Agency (Bakamla), which is related to resource factors which include human resources, budget, infrastructure and facilities. It is hoped that all the shortcomings associated with these resources can be met immediately. With a large and strong condition, Marine Security Agency (Bakamla) will support the implementation of Bakamla's duties optimally, so that security in Indonesian seas will be realized. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/90-03","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121909678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Strategic Value of Natuna EEZ from Tiongkok Perspective","authors":"B. Pramono, Makarim Wibisono, Tri Legiono Suko","doi":"10.7176/iags/90-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/90-02","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia was originally a non-claimant state in the South China Sea dispute. The potential conflict was created by considering Chinese statement that some of the territorial waters of Natuna Islands are Chinese traditional fishing ground, which in fact is within the Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This claim has potential to threaten the sovereignty and sovereign rights of Indonesia's territorial waters since Chinese aggressive attitude will certainly change Indonesia's attitude on strengthening its diplomacy and defense posture in the region. This study is aimed to analyze two critical issues; first, the strategic values of Indonesia’s EEZ in Natuna from the Chinese perspective and second, the appropriate Defense Diplomacy strategies to respond to Chinese claims. The research method follows a qualitative approach in which the data is collected from interviews, official documents, field notes and others. The results show that problem solving by defense diplomacy approach has been considered as a strategic step. Therefore, Indonesia always prioritizes the use of diplomatic method done by ministries and institutions to address the Chinese claim.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120963885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pendulum: After Endsars Saga What Next?","authors":"Iyanuoluwa Ezekiel Bamidele","doi":"10.7176/iags/90-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/90-01","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the #endsars movement and subsequent turn of events is largely as a result of unfavorable governmental political system and policies as well as lack of true federalism which has existed for decades. The article submits that the #endsars movement merely addresses a hole in the system which within a short time exposed the decay and rot and incapability of the system to get the nation to a safe haven. If the system is good then neither sars nor any other security would have acted out of place.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122372447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethiopia’s Developmental Rights to Use Nile River","authors":"Mohammed Dilu Hussen","doi":"10.7176/iags/89-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/89-02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the Ethiopia’s developmental rights in using Nile River based on principles of international water law related to transboundary water resources management and analyses to what extent these principles are incorporated in recent international conventions and treaties. The study tells that principle of equitable and reasonable utilization, obligation not to cause significant harm, principles of cooperation, information exchange, notification, consultation and peaceful settlement of disputes are widely acknowledged by modern international conventions, agreements and treaties. These principles could facilitate effective transboundary water resources management involving riparian countries of shared watercourses and hence, promote sustainable development around the world.The paper is set out into five sections. The first section begins with a description of Grand Renaissance Dam of Ethiopia and its importance. The second section describes Nile Basin Initiatives (NBI) 1999. The third section deals with International Water law and Qualm Over Nile River. The fourth section of the paper elucidates Theories and doctrines of international water law. The last section discusses the Principles of international water law.Ethiopia has not clung to its natural benefit of being an upstream country. Being a supply of 86% of the Nile water, it has not claimed absolute territorial sovereignty over the water in its boundaries. Under international water laws Ethiopia would solely be required to notify and share applicable information with downstream nations in order to utilize the river. This is the courtesy that Egypt did not prolong to Ethiopia or the other top riparian states when it used be growing its numerous water infrastructures on the Nile River and diverting the river out of it is herbal course. Ethiopia has no need of harming any one rather than using it is own developmental rights in collaborative and embracing circumstance approach within other riparian nations.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117302024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructivist Approach to Gambia-Senegal Relations: Analysis of the ‘Two States, One People, and the ‘Nearby Enemy’ Discourse","authors":"M. Lenn","doi":"10.7176/iags/89-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/89-04","url":null,"abstract":"This is a study of the foreign policy construction of Senegal by the Gambia under the presidency of Yahya A.J.J Jammeh who served as a military ruler of the Gambia from 1994-1996 and president from 1996-2016. The study relied on speeches, statements and communiqués contained in videos, audios and text as its source of data for analysis. Using Constructivism as a general theory and discourse analysis as a framework of analysis, the work argues that the Gambia’s foreign policy with its neighboring country, Senegal was built upon two main social constructs, namely ‘two states, one people’ and ‘nearby enemy’. Despite changes in the leadership in Senegal, it is argued that the Gambian leadership consistently constructed Senegal in the same way during the period under study. The paper concluded that these two constructs explained the often contradictory tense and cool relationships between the two countries. While the ‘two states, one people’ construct was used to argue for and build cordial relationships, ‘the nearby enemy’ construct was invoked to condemned Senegal and justify strained relations.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124212774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study: Globalization and Development of Regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America","authors":"A. Adeniyi, Tej S. Dhakar","doi":"10.7176/iags/89-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/89-03","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization is one of the most significant concepts of our time that has led to countless academic discussions and public debates. Several empirical literatures have explored how globalization has impacted developed and developing economies. It is critical to study the effects of regional globalization and the impact of different methodological perspectives. This paper examines the effects of globalization across various regions of Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. The secondary data used for this paper is obtained from Statista and the World Bank. The methodologies used include One-way Anova, Regression Analysis and Ancova. The findings of the Anova show how globalization significantly impacts the regions discussed in this paper. This indicates that the regions derived substantial benefits from globalization. The regression analysis results highlight that there is no relationship between globalization and democracy, and the Ancova results support that the interaction of region and democracy is not significant. We therefore conclude that the growth and development of these regions related to globalization is based on increased competition, employment, investment and capital flows, foreign trade, spread of technical know-how, spread of culture, high standard of education, and structural institutions. This paper provides a platform to better inform policy makers in these regions, as well as the world, on how the benefits of globalization lead to the expansion and growth of developed and developing countries.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116706613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freedom of Expression: Finding a Balance between Two Extremes","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/iags/88-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/88-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115645823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Interventions and State Fragility, Failure and Collapse: Comparative Analysis of African Experiences","authors":"Embiale Beyene","doi":"10.7176/iags/88-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/88-02","url":null,"abstract":"States fragility, failure and collapse are the results of both domestic and external determinant factors. This article provides a critique of the debates of failing states, failed states, and collapsed states in Africa by examining three cases: DRC, Burundi, and Somalia. It tries to highlight the impacts of external interventions on functionality, viability and sovereignty of African states. It presents the various interventions and their impacts on state viability in Africa. It argued that by taking similar paths of intervention with the same logic of the past, it is difficult to solve problems related to state failures in Africa. Instead, there has to be a different path of the state-building process that takes into account Africa’s realities and the interest of the majority, not the interests of the elites and the donors. Besides, instead of focusing on the idea of the liberal peace theory of republicanism, cosmopolitanism, and a free-market economy, it is better to address state-society relations in Africa. Hence, Africa should import those devices and institutions that advance its interests. Moreover, it should be clear that the problems and their impacts are trans-boundary that need transnational cooperative and integrative responses. The rebuilding of a failed state and preventing sates from failure through both curative and preventive approaches have to be the concerns of the 21st-century global governance, peace, and security narratives. Keywords: State, State Building, Securitization, Peace Operations, Burundi, Democratic- Republic- of- Congo- DRC, Somalia DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/88-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116280633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}