International Affairs and Global Strategy最新文献

{"title":"Iranian Potential Countermeasures to US Acts: In Conformity with International Law?","authors":"Mahir Al Banna","doi":"10.7176/iags/94-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/94-04","url":null,"abstract":"When the Trump administration withdrew from the nuclear deal in May 2018, Iran not only remained in the legal framework, it took its grievance with the US as a legal dispute to the ICJ, specifically in relation to the breach of the nuclear deal and the reimposition of sanctions, as well as the freezing of Iranian assets in US jurisdiction. The killing of Qassim Soleimani has made things worse between the two countries putting the region in a turmoil. The possible outcome of this can be dangerous as Iran promised to take intelligent and proportionate countermeasures. The fear of escalation of the tension is growing day by day. Iran can close the Strait of Hormuz in which exist a legal vortex as neither the US nor Iran are signatories of the 1982 United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It threatened also to enrich uranium declaring that it had the capacity to enrich uranium to 20% if needed.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"475 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nominal Representative and Implementing Political Institutions in Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/iags/93-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/93-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Key Factors in the Making Afan Oromo One of the Federal Working Languages","authors":"Wakgari Dulume","doi":"10.7176/iags/93-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/93-01","url":null,"abstract":"In mosaic countries, choice of a language as lingua franka needs careful scrutiny; since language has more meaning than as a mare communication means. It is related with identity, cultural, political, social, and economic affairs of speakers. In Ethiopia, there are nearly 80 ethno-linguistic groups speaking their respective languages. In such scenario choosing one or more language as federal working language is difficult task. Ethiopia doesn’t have a single policy document yet. However, the country has legally recognized only one language (Amharic) as federal working language. The choice of federal working language in Ethiopia seems arbitrary and also deviates from working language choice in multilingual states. The research is based on integrative literature review that synthesizes and critiques of secondary data. Objective principles for choice of working language; experiences three multilingual federal states having similarity with our country were reviewed. Based on these principles as well as experience countries, the finding claims Afan Oromo is not given the place it deserves in Ethiopia; which in fact is major causes for instabilities in the country. The article recommends Ethiopian government should make Afan Oromo additional federal working language as a part of responding to demands of Oromo people as well as a panacea for instabilities. Moreover, making it additional federal working language is reaching more population in the HoA which facilitate social integration.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126072782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shell Failed Community Engagement in Niger-Delta Region and Implications for CSR Practices: Towards Global Best Practices for Sustainable Stakeholders’ Involvement","authors":"Dr. Adewole Adeyeye, D. O. Adekeye","doi":"10.7176/iags/93-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/93-03","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the experience of Shell Petroleum Development Corporation (SPDC) in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. The study observes that the experience of SPDC is one of deep frustrations occasioned by inappropriate and ineffective stakeholders’ engagement. The study also observes that aside from making host community encounter repeated deprivations, the SPDC in the Niger Delta fails to adequately involve stakeholders in its CSR agenda in ways that are acceptable. All these raised the challenge of designing best CSR practices for stakeholders’ engagements to address communities that perennially suffer the negative impacts of business activities. The study concludes by attempting a template for global best practices for sustainable stakeholder engagement with hostile host communities in CSR practices in order to achieve sustainable business practices.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130845130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Responsibility of the Insurance Company in Transporting International Goods","authors":"Nashat Mahmoud Abdalla Jaradat","doi":"10.7176/iags/92-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/92-03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a complete analysis of the liability of the insurer in the international carriage of goods. The paper lays down the international instruments that govern the field and to what extent they affect the liability of the insurer. The paper also analyzes the conflict of laws issues related to the international insurance. The paper further does a study of the concepts related to the international insurance of carriage of goods and liability of the insurer. The focus has been on the common law principles. Aim and Objectives The paper analyzes the extent of liability of the insurance company. It would give a critical analysis of the liability and limitation of liability of the insurance company under different heads. The paper has targeted different instruments like international conventions, municipal laws and most importantly principles of common law on this subject. Scope: Due to the paucity of time and space the researchers have limited the scope of the paper to the liability of insurance company in general sense. There is also a lacuna in International Law on this particular aspect of insurer’s liability thus more attention is paid to common law principles and the Marine Insurance Act, 1906. The author has referred to case laws from different jurisdictions to give a wider prospective but has not done a comparative study of different legal regimes. PROBLEM STATEMENT: The International legal existing setup is not in itself equipped to deal with issues in determining the liability of the insurance company for the transport of international goods when the ship sank for a reason beyond the control of the captain. RESEARCH Methodology: The methodology adopted in the research for this paper involves a thorough reading and analysis of the liability of insurer in the international carriage of goods. The study is thus based primarily on a doctrinal-qualitative approach. Based on the research, co-relations have been drawn with the position of the law in other jurisdictions. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/92-03 Publication date: December 31 202","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122289742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interface Between WIPO and Paris Convention in Protection IPR","authors":"Dr. Nashat Mahmoud Abdalla Jaradat","doi":"10.7176/iags/92-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/92-02","url":null,"abstract":"This research work aims to establish a link between WIPO and Paris Convention from national and international perspectives. Furthermore, the lack of implementation of legislation at the national level is one of the greatest setbacks in the history of IPR protection. Basically, the value of human rights is largely tested by its implementation. The earlier form of Industrial property underwent a transformation after the Paris Convention to be nomenclature as Intellectual property. IPRs, such as patents, plant variety protection, copyrights, and trademarks, are exclusive monopoly rights over a creation that the society provides to the inventor for a period of time. While such monopoly protection obviously restricts the dissemination of knowledge, it is supposed to be counterbalanced by the incentive that it provides to innovate. Intrinsic, natural, interrelated, indivisible, inalienable, basic, instrumental, and inherent rights are ought to be protected if required, for maintaining peace in the society. Imperialism, colonialism, and inequalities among the states were some reasons of concern for the development of IPR.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121275412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans- Atlantic Slave Trade and Its Impacts for Modern African","authors":"Misgana Yifiru Ayenew","doi":"10.7176/iags/92-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/92-01","url":null,"abstract":"Africa experienced two major crisis in its history; slave trade and colonialism. At a time of both events Africa was integrated into global market in unequal and exploitative ways. But, slave trade in general and transAtlantic slave trade in particular lasts for long time and holds the lion share in underdevelopment of Africa. As such, this paper analysis the long term effect of trans-Atlantic slave trade for modern African political economy. To do so, the work employs qualitative research methods and secondary source of data.Before trans-Atlantic slave trade, African peoples were egalitarian, have their own values and civilizations. They were self sufficient and autonomous and there was no huge gap between Africa and Europe. However, Trans -Atlantic slave trade lead to intensification of the gap between Africa and Europe as result of its exploitative nature and deterioration of African values and norms. Hence, large numbers of African were shipped crossing Atlantic Ocean and works on large scale plantation in the new world and these numbers reaches its climax at 18 th c.Trans-Atlantic slave trade brought untold causalities on African political economy at time of its occurrence and even at modern time. Thereby, limitation of African economy to monoculture, perverted institution, and creation of fertile ground for colonialism because of weak and fragmented states, decline in population, disturbing family and reducing fertility rates were the major short term impacts of trans-Atlantic slave trade. Moreover, Trans- Atlantic slave trade also serves as important variable to analysis the modern political economy of Africa because of its long term effect.Accordingly, trans-Atlantic slave trade discourages state formation and this in turn obstructs creation of modern economy, laws and public goods. The current absolutist and patrimonial state existing in Africa also trace their origin to the era of trans-Atlantic slave trade. Trans-Atlantic slave trade also responsible for ethnic stratification existing in Africa today as result of mistrust and break down of social bond between peoples so that it lays the basis for intensification of ethnic conflict in modern Africa. serves as pre-colonial of and which is still suffering.Therefore, lingering problems in modern African political economy embedded within trans-Atlantic slave trade so that it plays crucial role for current underdevelopment of the continent","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116946753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corruption in the Land Question and Protracted Conflict in Bungoma County, Kenya 1992-2019","authors":"Cherotwei G Simotwo, X. F. Ichani","doi":"10.7176/iags/91-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/91-05","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption is argued to be persistent and enduring matter of global concern. This article investigated corruption in the land question and protracted conflict in Bungoma County, Kenya 1992-2019. Corruption is defined in the form of bribery, land grabbing and privatization of public land. This study explored the dynamics of corruption and its influences on land distribution. It also examines how corruption is used in galvanizing intra-ethnic differentiation leading to protracted conflict on historical land injustice. Moreover, the study seeks to demonstrate how corruption has watered down peacebuilding initiatives in the aftermath of land-based conflict in Mount Elgon, Kenya. The study was anchored on a combination of greed versus grievance theoretical framework together with the theory of ethnic mobilization. The greed and grievance theory defines the problem of land grabbing as self-enrichment while ethnic mobilization theory explained the process by which political elites galvanize intra-ethnic differentiation leading to conflict between Soy and Mosop clans. The study used a case study design to describe the characteristics and dynamics of corruption and its relation to land allocation and mobilization of members of the community into armed violence. The target population included residents of Mount Elgon constituency, politicians, members of the National Government Administrative Officers (NGAO), County government officials and the civil society. Primary data was obtained from a non-partisan and gender sensitive samples of one hundred and thirty-seven respondents and twenty-four key informants. The study found out that endemic corruption weaved with politics was a major hindrance to fair and transparent land allocation in the region. Moreover, women especially the widows and low income earners were the most disadvantaged in the process of land allocation. The study recommends an independent audit of the land dispensation to allow issuance to the deserving individuals.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121038781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Corruption on Nation Building in Nigeria","authors":"Nkiru Queen Aputazie","doi":"10.7176/iags/91-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/91-01","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption is present in all parts of the world, irrespective of geographical location, economic status, or level of state development. However, corruption is dominant in some countries when compared to others, hence, this study focuses on the nature of corruption in Nigeria which due to its dominant structure affects all facets and sectors of human and state activities in the country. To provide a deepened knowledge of the effect of corruption in Nigeria, the study focuses mostly on the influence of corruption mostly conducted by elites on Nigeria’s nation-building processes, and how Nigeria continues to suffer in its attempt to establish a healthy nationbuilding process due to the huge presence of corruption in the country. Finally, the study focuses on the Nigerian state from 1999 (the beginning of the 4 th republic) to 2021. The study employs a qualitative research methodology style where an expansive discussion of corruption and its influence on nation-building is provided and discussed. Additionally, since the study seeks to understand how corruption affects Nigerian society, a case-study exploratory research design is provided. Therefore, this provides a deepened knowledge of Nigeria socio-political as well as the economic system and how corruption continues to deter efficient nation-building processes. Accordingly, the primary data of the study is drawn from extensive usage of available literature concerning corruption in Nigeria and by explaining the ways through which nation-building might be affected by corrupt practices. An intense discussion of the concept of corruption in Nigeria by Fakanbi and Ijisaki was inherently important in the compilation of this study. Similarly, international discussion of the concept of corruption from Transparency International and","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125440149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Changes in the Middle East and Their Impact on the Palestinian Cause","authors":"Dr. Salwa Farrag","doi":"10.7176/iags/91-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/91-02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper seeks to examine the impact of post 2011 Arab developments on the nation-state and its repercussions on supporting the Palestinian cause? In order to answer that, the study deals with a theoretical approach to the crises of political systems, and then analyzes the nature of developments in the Arab region and its repercussions on the nation-state on the one hand, and its repercussions on the Palestinian cause on the other.It was found through the study that the Palestinian cause is affected by its Arab depth, whether before or after the revolutions. Although the Palestinian cause was not the main title of those revolutions, but it was present in the conscience of the rebellious masses. The Arab countries remained governed in this process by the duality of “the old next to the new” in light of the dilemmas and phenomena that prevailed. It seemed apparent how weak and fragile the Arab national state was towards itself and the Palestinian cause, as it was preoccupied with its internal crises that prevailed over its policies.","PeriodicalId":358479,"journal":{"name":"International Affairs and Global Strategy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129944942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}