Oriente Moderno最新文献

{"title":"Nota su Cor. xlix:13 ǧaʿalnākum šuʿūban wa-qabāʾila","authors":"Giovanni Canova","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000During my field work in Yemen, a frequent topic of discussion has been relevance of tribes in the Yemeni society. Part of the Qurʾanic verse 13 of the sūrah al-Ḥuǧurāt (xlix, Apartments) “wa-ǧaʿalnakum šuʿūban wa-qabāʾila” was frequently cited as a legitimation of the very existence of tribes among the Arabs. But what about šuʿūb? The first occurrence of the term is attested in Epigraphic South Arabian ŠʿB, which has been interpreted as “sedentary tribe, commune, group of village communities” (Beeston et al.), with a specific reference to the South Arabian social organization, not to be confused with the (Northern-)Arab tribal one. The term does not seem to be attested in the old Arabic lexicon. Having found no satisfactory explication in the Arabic sources, my working hypothesis has been that the presence of South Arabian sedentary communities in the oasis of Medina at the time of the Prophet could suggest a possible relationship with the Qur’anic šuʿūb. Probably this peculiar South Arabian term entered into the ʿarabiyyah with the northward emigration of South Arabian peoples. In the course of time, and in a different context, its original meaning evolved into a more general one, according to the political and ethnical developments of the Islamic empire. Šuʿūb, sing. šaʿb, has been traditionally interpreted as ʿaǧam, non-Arabic peoples, races, confederations etc. Many disagreements appear in the Qur’anic commentaries, as well as in the genealogical, lexical, historical, literary sources. Among the several interpretations in Qurṭubī’s al-Ǧāmiʿ one is noteworthy: “Someone says that Šuʿūb are the Arabs of Yemen, the descendants of Qaḥṭān”. As to Qurʾanic (Western) scholarship, I did not find a specific interest nor a consistent contextualization of this Medinan verse. The problematic balance of influence among the believers in Medina, Qurayshi muhāǧirūn and South Arabian anṣār, should not be disregarded. A new possible partial translation of Qurʾan xlix:13 is here suggested: “We appointed you (South Arabian) communities and (Arab) tribes, that you may know one another”.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations on the Jām-e Čehel Kelid in Iran","authors":"Leila Karami","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340255","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper is based on two types of sources: folkloristic-anthropological texts, and a number of jām-e čehel kelid (magic bowls) located in Iranian museums and in the collections of antiquarians and dealers. In this context, the stories of evil forces and miracles narrated by the antiquarians that I interviewed appear just as plausible as the fears and miraculous beliefs of the men and women who resorted to these bowls, attributing hermetical functions to them. Moreover, I gathered from narrations offered by antiquarians and found in folkloristic-anthropological texts that in the past, every individual family nucleus had its own bespoke bowl in home. This article presents the terminology used in the texts, the rituals connected to the bowls, and some of the more peculiar characteristics of the bowls I observed.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In ricordo di Massimo Campanini","authors":"R. Tottoli","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340252","url":null,"abstract":"Con Massimo ci siamo conosciuti veramente solo quando venne a Napoli per il concorso da Ricercatore (2005) e negli anni passati all’Orientale (2005-2011). Occasione per frequentarci nei primi mesi furono le volte che rimase a dormire da me e mia moglie Francesca in una casa in cui ci si riuniva settimanalmente per lunghe cene con i colleghi. Ci si trovava con il compianto Giovanni D’Erme, ma anche con Claudio Lo Jacono, Michele Bernardini, Alberto Ventura, Giovanni Canova, Natalia Tornesello e tanti altri che si alternavano con la scusa di un corso di rilegatura che finiva però in lunghe chiacchierate. Massimo era contento di essersi finalmente unito a noi e aveva sempre un sorriso partecipe al clima che si era creato in quegli anni. Era arrivato a Napoli con le sue pubblicazioni, le sue competenze e con l’inconfondibile spirito fattivo. Il suo più grande contributo a quelle serate, e che ancora ricordiamo tra noi, fu una volta quando, a freddo, attorno alla tavola tonda e una montagna di pasta e vongole, chiese serafico se era vero che, come qualcuno gli diceva, aveva perso completamente il suo accento milanese. Lo disse, manco a dirlo, con il suo inconfondibile accento: qualcuno scoppiò a ridere, altri finsero di girarsi a prendere qualcosa per trattenersi e si andò avanti un paio di ore tra paradossi e risate che tirarono inevitabilmente dentro anche me e la mia calata bresciana, che vent’anni da napoletano hanno attenuato ben poco. Non racconto questo per spirito di puro aneddoto, anche se sicuramente indurrà una risata da lassù lo stesso Massimo, ma per sottolineare una sua grande dote in un momento che era delicato e significativo per lui e per l’Accademia italiana. Quel suo posto di ricercatore universitario rendeva giustizia a una carriera non facile, ricca di pubblicazioni e competenze svariate, ma infranta contro concorsi in precedenza andati male, occasioni mancate e viaggi faticosi su e giù per l’Italia per contratti di insegnamento nelle varie discipline che sapeva insegnare con quel carisma che generazioni di studenti gli hanno sempre riconosciuto. A cinquant’anni compiuti Massimo poteva finalmente approdare in forma stabile nei ranghi dell’Università italiana e lo faceva con lo spirito ragazzino di chi vuole parlare, sorridere con gli altri e","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Egyptian Medical Officer and Qurʾān Commentator in Ottoman Syria","authors":"M. Daneshgar","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340254","url":null,"abstract":"This article pays a particular attention to an Arab army physician and scholar from the mid-19th century who placed empirical science at the center of Islamic thought and situated it within Qurʾānic exegetical debates. He is the Egyptian Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Iskandarānī, a medical officer who ended up working in Ottoman Syria, and whose works were copied and printed (in)directly by the Ottomans. Apart from the limited information contained in previous scholarly literature, which, on the basis of his first commentary alone, repeatedly presents this commentator as one of the first people to have produced a “scientific interpretation of the Qurʾān”, little is known about his personal and professional background and the production of his commentaries. This study also sheds light on exegetical and intellectual directions produced outside Egypt in the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Statement Released by Israeli šarīʿah Courts on the Appointment of the First Female in the Position of šarīʿah Judge in Israel","authors":"Nijmi Edres","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article proposes an introduction and a full translation of a Statement released by the Association of šarīʿah Courts in Israel regarding the appointment of female šarīʿah Judge Manṣūr Ḫaṭīb. The document, originally published in Arabic on the online newspaper išrāqah, proves to be relevant for several reasons. First, it provides an example of a highly strategic reference to Muslim tradition in contemporary times. Secondly, it bears witness to the image of “last fortified stronghold” that Šarīʿah courts are crafting for themselves in the framework of the relationship between the Jewish majority and the Palestinian minority in Israel. Finally, it offers a cross-sectional portrayal of the challenges faced by the Šarīʿah courts in that specific historical moment and context.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46400323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stampa e nazionalismo in Egitto a cavallo tra Ottocento e Novecento","authors":"L. Salvati","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340257","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Egypt saw new concepts of community emerge to replace the extant, traditional forms of identity based on local loyalties. This paper will explore the role played by language and journalism in this re-imagining of identity, and its use by the elite in shaping perceptions of the Egyptian people, nation and language. A fundamental element of this process was the development in the use of the term ummah in the discourse of many thinkers of the Nahḍah, from its meaning signifying the global community of Muslim believers, into a symbol of the modern nation-state, a re-interpretation which I discuss drawing, notably, on the unpublished writings of the journalist Aḥmad Luṭfī al-Sayyid. This perspective enables an exploration both of the competition between traditionalist values and the secular, multicultural model of early Egyptian nationalism, and of the multifarious colonial influences on the pro-Europe anelite in this struggle for a vision of Egypt’s future.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64583260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Nasser to al-Sīsī","authors":"Elad Giladi","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340256","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000After the events of June 30 and July 3, 2013, that brought the Muslim Brotherhood rule to an end, Egyptian President ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Sīsī has been carried aloft on waves of adulation of most of the Egyptian people. This phenomenon was reflected in popular expressions and in the Egyptian media, and any criticism of it was minimal. Interestingly, it was the portrayal of al-Sīsī in a children’s magazine, Samīr (February 1, 2014), that generated vocal public debate on issues of the exposure of children to political content and their indoctrination. This article examines why this case provoked such harsh criticism even though political content and indoctrination in children’s magazines are not a new phenomenon in Egypt but rather a continuation of past traditions, and discusses what insights can be gleaned from the affair with regard to Egyptian society today.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46323975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformations soviétiques et mémoires en Asie centrale. De l’« indigénisation » à l’indépendance, written by Vincent Fourniau","authors":"Michele Bernardini","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48329648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cutting Edge of the Poet’s Sword. Muslim Poetic Responses to the Crusades, written by Osman Latiff","authors":"R. Celestre","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Evidence of Stage III Verbal Negation in Tunisian Coastal Dialects","authors":"L. D’Anna","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340237","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present paper provides a preliminary description of verbal negation in the two neighboring dialects of Mahdia and Chebba, belonging to the groups of Tunisian coastal village dialects. This dialectal group has been, so far, dramatically understudied, despite its importance for the dialectal geography and history of North African Arabic. Like most other varieties of Maghrebi Arabic, the dialects of Mahdia and Chebba underwent the so-called Jespersen’s cycle, consisting in the doubling of the original prefixal negation, in dialectal Arabic mā (Stage I), with a suffixal negative particle -š, resulting in the circumfixal negation mā … š (Stage II) and, eventually, in the loss of the prefixal mā (Stage III). With regard to Arabic, Stage III was so far undocumented in North Africa, with the exception of Maltese. This paper provides samples of the three different stages in the dialects under investigation and offers some hypotheses concerning the possible locus of innovation with regard to Tunisian, contributing to our knowledge of negation in North African Arabic.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44585846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}