Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal最新文献

{"title":"Factores de riesgo del suicidio consumado en los jóvenes y los adultos de mediana edad: estudio poblacional forense","authors":"Mikel Aiartzaguena ,&nbsp;Benito Morentin","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Suicide is a major public health problem. The objective of this study is to analyze the demographic, clinical and toxicological characteristics and the mechanisms of suicide in young people and middle-aged adults.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Retrospective population study of completed suicide in subjects aged 14-55 who were subjected to a forensic autopsy in Bizkaia between 2016-2018.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>272 suicides were recorded. The global incidence was 7.8/100.00 inhabitants/year. 127 were 14-55 years old. The rate was 3 times higher in men and increased with age. In 72%, some clinical risk factor was collected, mainly mental disorders (59%): mood disorders (23%), substance abuse (20.5%) and psychotic disorders (14%). 38% of addicts had another mental disorder. Physical illness (23%) and suicide attempt (20.5%) were also relevant factors. 41% were positive for alcohol and/or illicit drugs: ethanol (22%), cannabis (16%), cocaine (11%) and amphetamine (8%). This percentage was 79% in substance addicts. Substance abuse disorders (25% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.03) and presence of alcohol and/or drugs (49% vs. 16%; p = 0.001) were more prevalent in men. The most commonly used methods were fall from heights (35%) and hanging (31%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The incidence of suicide in Bizkaia is lower than the European average. Suicide is a complex problem associated with demographic and clinical factors (mainly depressive and substance abuse disorders) and recent use of alcohol and illicit drugs. Prospective multidisciplinary and multicenter researches are required in order to identify risk factors and to guide preventive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 2","pages":"Pages 53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49265193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El nuevo Protocolo de actuación ante la violencia sexual del Consejo Médico Forense","authors":"Jorge González Fernández ,&nbsp;Rafael Bañón González ,&nbsp;María del Mar Pastor Bravo","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2022.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2022.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El llamado síndrome de alienación parental y sus derivaciones","authors":"Juan Gabriel de la Cruz ,&nbsp;Julio Antonio Guija ,&nbsp;María del Mar Pastor Bravo","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The denigration of one parent by the other would be one of the most damaging effects for the child in situations of family breakdown, although the so-called parental alienation syndrome (Gardner) as a supposed childhood mental disorder, has not obtained acceptance in psychiatric classifications nor the necessary validity and scientific support, so its use by mental health professionals, experts and lawyers should be avoided. Instead, one can use the diagnostic criteria contemplated by the international diagnostic psychiatric classifications that we describe. It is essential to establish the differential diagnosis based on the symptom of rejection of a parent, an issue that involves difficulty and may require the assistance of a multidisciplinary team to adequately evaluate all the evaluable aspects. Professionals must act with knowledge of the limits of their science, providing those data and conclusions that are legitimate and valid according to this premise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55108978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 y el confinamiento en los homicidios por violencia de género en España","authors":"Miguel Lorente-Acosta ,&nbsp;Miguel Lorente-Martínez ,&nbsp;Manuel Lorente-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reml.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Circumstances under COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have reduced the number of gender-based violence homicides in 2020, with a total number of 45, the lowest in the historical statistics. Analysis of these circumstances generated by the lockdown and mobility reduction, together the economical negative impact, has produced an increment of 49.6% in the number of calls to 016 (telephone for victims’ assistance), and a reduction of 14.6% in the complaints of violence during the months of lockdown. This situation reflects a higher control of victims and more difficulties to exit from violence, that has decreased the number of homicides to 4 during these months, the lowest within Spanish statistics. These circumstances are compatible with an increment of risk of aggressions and lethality, factor that can be related with the increment of homicides limited to August, when the mobility and socio-labor opportunities were recovered. The study of the social circumstances originated by the pandemic allows to describe three different patterns in the impact on gender-based violence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377473221000699/pdfft?md5=2fbb31eb53dab1331552eba38c809237&pid=1-s2.0-S0377473221000699-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136524888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detección de ARN del SARS-CoV-2 por PCR en una serie de cadáveres remitidos para autopsia","authors":"Adriana C. D’Addario ,&nbsp;Cristina A. Bustos ,&nbsp;Roberto V. Cohen ,&nbsp;Alejandro F. Rullán Corna ,&nbsp;Patricia E. Gómez ,&nbsp;Rubén H. Torrisi ,&nbsp;Héctor Di Salvo ,&nbsp;Jorge A. Herbstein ,&nbsp;Federico Remes Lenicov ,&nbsp;Santiago Maffia Bizzozero","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the world, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, affecting 185 countries. There have been numerous scientific publications presenting epidemiological, clinical, statistical, and microbiological data. The high mortality has implied the need for increasingly accurate data regarding the virus and its behaviour in the environment and, on the other hand, faced health teams with a serious problem in relation to the safe handling of corpses and the risks of transmission that this implies. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in corpses sent to the National Judicial Morgue that were not included in the definition of a suspected case submitted by the Argentine Ministry of Health. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken from 101 cadavers chosen randomly and based on inclusion criteria for detection of viral RNA using the RT-PCR technique. Of the cadavers included in the study, 16.8%, not classified as suspected cases of COVID-19, were tested for the presence of viral RNA in the samples collected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.reml.2021.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129185720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisión sobre las nuevas perspectivas de datación cadavérica desde el necrobioma","authors":"Ángel M. Aragonés,&nbsp;Silvana Teresa Tapia-Paniagua","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays there are numerous scientific strategies that helping to clarify forensic cases, including time since death. The absence of reliable quantitative methods to estimate the <em>post-mortem</em> interval explains the increase in promising new lines of research for this purpose. After the appearance of the new techniques of massive sequencing and bioinformatics, also arises the study of the necrobiome through a new and little studied area within the forensic sciences, Forensic Microbiology. In this review, a tour of the existing techniques and procedures of cadaveric dating is made, which includes new cutting-edge techniques in different areas of knowledge and also mentions the utilities of Forensic Microbiology, where the thanatomicrobiome, present from the moment of death, according to recent studies, points to be a promising method for estimating the <em>post-mortem</em> interval in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55109433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsabilidad profesional médica en la asistencia urgente de especialistas en medicina familiar y comunitaria","authors":"Josep Maria Benet-Martí ,&nbsp;Carles Martin-Fumadó ,&nbsp;Josep Benet-Travé ,&nbsp;Esperanza L. Gómez-Durán ,&nbsp;Josep Arimany-Manso ,&nbsp;M. Magdalena Bertran-Ribera","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Urgent assistance in primary care is a key area of the health system, being as an important stressor to be claimed for professional liability. The objective was to analyze the professional liability in primary care emergencies of specialists of family and community medicine and their main characteristics in our environment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective descriptive analysis of claims against General Practitioners between 1986 to 2015 was performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>224 claims, all resolved, were analyzed, due to error or diagnostic delay (122-54.5%), accessibility problems in medical care (48-21.4%), treatment errors (29-12.9%) and errors in the issuance of documents (25-11.1%). In 147 (65.6%) it was urgent assistance and in 77 (34.3%) scheduled. The way of interposition was judicial in 71.4%. In 6 cases (2.6%) the resolution involved compensation in 3 cases of urgent assistance and 3 of scheduled.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The very low risk of claim and compensation payment is confirmed, with no differences found between urgent and scheduled assistance. Clinical safety aspects should be emphasized, especially in the diagnostic error.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49611423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sumisión química en casos de presuntos delitos contra la libertad sexual 2016-2018, Lima, Perú","authors":"Grecia Alessandra Carruitero Moran ,&nbsp;Carlos Antonio Castro Ccoscco ,&nbsp;Kevin Jordan Gómez Alcántara ,&nbsp;Valery Terrazas Ramos ,&nbsp;Víctor Crispín Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Chemical submission is the use of chemical substances to manipulate the will of a person, producing incapacity or unconsciousness that facilitates criminal action. It has gained in prominence in recent years, due to its frequent use in cases of alleged crimes against sexual freedom.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>An observational descriptive-retrospective study of cases of alleged crimes against sexual freedom committed using chemical substances was carried out, to determine the profile of the victims according to the samples analysed and the substances detected in 2016, 2017 and 2018,registered with the Criminalistics Directorate (DIRCRI) of the Peruvian National Police (PNP).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 1841 cases of crime against sexual freedom, 445 (24.17%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2%) met the inclusion criteria. The victim's profile is that of a young (Lima) woman (mean age: 22.56<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.14 years). The cases were from San Juan de Lurigancho (10.56%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.9%). The samples submitted were urine (62.47%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.5%), and urine and nail plaque (37.53%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.5%). The toxicological analysis of probable cases showed substances identified as psychotropic drugs (57.53%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.6%, mainly benzodiazepines), ethanol (26.29%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.1%), and illicit drugs (11.24%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.9%, mainly marijuana and cocaine), alone or in combination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study showed that 24.17%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2% were probable cases of Lima women who had been sexually assaulted under the influence of chemical substances, predominantly in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho at 10.56%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.9%, most of the samples analysed were urine with 62.47%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.5%; the most prevalent group of substances were psychotropic drugs at 57.53%<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.6%, with benzodiazepines being the only subgroups that were recorded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"48 1","pages":"Pages 10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55109393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathological profile of sexting coercion perpetrators","authors":"Aina M. Gassó ,&nbsp;Esperanza Gómez-Durán","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In the past years, research regarding sexting behaviours and online sexual victimization has been rapidly growing, with literature examining the social, legal, psychological and psychopathological consequences of being coerced into sexting. However, up to date, there is little evidence exploring the psychopathological profile of sexting coercion perpetrators. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the psychopathological profile of sexting coercion perpetrators vs non-perpetrators, and, additionally, examining sex differences.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The original sample comprised 1370 college students (including 74% females, mean age<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21.40). The non-perpetrator subsample comprised 1247 participants (76% females, mean age 21.39) and the sexting coercion perpetration subsample comprised 75 participants (30% females, mean age<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21.38).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data indicated significant differences in the psychopathological profile between perpetrators and non-perpetrators, with the first group showing higher scores for different psychopathology scales. When examining sex differences intragroup, results showed significant differences between perpetrator males and non-perpetrator males for scales related with dysfunctional attachment, anger, frustration and social skills. Significant differences between female samples were only found for hostility. Finally, no differences were found between sexting coercion perpetrator males and females, with both groups showing similar psychopathological profiles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>People who engaged in sexting coercion perpetration show a different psychopathological profile than those who did not report coercing someone into sexting, however, males and females coercers show similar psychopathological profiles. Further results and implications regarding psychopathological differences between examined groups are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"47 4","pages":"Pages 157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55109365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociedad, COVID-19 y violencia de género","authors":"Miguel Lorente-Acosta","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"47 4","pages":"Page 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.reml.2021.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49461704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}