Family Medicine and Medical Science Research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Small Size Babies in Ethiopia: Resultsfrom in-depth Analyses of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey -2011","authors":"Taddese Alemu and Melaku Umeta","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Low birth weight babies account for nearly 80% of neonataldeaths. In Ethiopia, only 5% of children are weighed which requires alternative measures of Low Birth Weight. This study analyzes the prevalence and determinant factors of infants’ size at birth from Ethiopian demographic and health survey data set. \u0000Methods: In-depth analysis of the Survey data set was conducted using representative data collected from all regions in the country. Considering reported fetal size at birth as an outcome variable, key predicting variables from socio-demographic, household, child and maternal reproductive as well as obstetric and behavioral characteristics were employed for analyses. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model were used to determine predictors at p value < 0.05. \u0000Results: An average of 30.3% of Ethiopian babies were reported as small at birth by moms and a non-linear but declining trend was observed during the study periods. Several socio-demographic, household, child and maternal reproductive characteristics were identified as key predictors of small size babies at birth. Women who develop anemia and not attending antenatal care duringpregnancy, had a 15% and 41% added risk of having small size babies than their counterparts (AoR = 1.15, and 1.41, 95% CI (1.02, 1.64 and 1.06, 1.88) respectively. Maternal age at delivery, maternal literacy level, paternal educational status and presence of radio or television in the household and others were also identified as key predictors of small size babies in Ethiopia. \u0000Conclusions and recommendations: The prevalence of small size babies in Ethiopia is high but comparable to regional estimates. It is recommend that improving maternal nutritional and socio-economic status is a timely intervention to tackle the entire problem.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132225360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Valuable Lesson in Acanthosis Nigricans Interpretation","authors":"V. Naik","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000I104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000I104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121707513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Conversation Experiences Regarding HIV/AIDS Awareness and Beyond Awareness in Rural Community of Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Jeylan Kassim Esma’el, B. L. Dolamo, T. Bekele, M. Kaso","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of HIV/AIDS, community conversation is referred to as an interactive process which brings people together and engages them in discussions so that they explore the underlying factors fuelling the HIV epidemic. However, how and to what extent the community conversation programme has raised awareness about HIV/AIDS was not well addressed in Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in December 2013 in three selected zones of Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. A total of 22 in-depth interviews were conducted among purposely selected community conversation members in rural kebeles. The audio-taped data were transcribed verbatim into local language (Afan Oromo) and then translated directly into English. The study used Tesch’s eight-step data analysis method. Translated narrations were reported as spoken by participants. Confidentiality of the participants was kept throughout the study. \u0000Result: The study covered the participants’ experience on community conversation regarding HIV/AIDS awareness and beyond awareness. The aspects were divided into sections: (1) schedule of the community conversation sessions, (2) community conversation programme as problem solving, (3) awareness level on HIV/ AIDS, (4) level of misconceptions about HIV/AIDS since the programme started, (5) levels of stigmatisation and discrimination of HIV/AIDS victims after the programme came into action, (6) behavioural changes since the programme started, (7) the role of health extension workers in the programme implementations, and (8) the importance of the coffee ceremony during sessions. \u0000Conclusions: The study shows community conversation creates social space for people to reflect on the possibility of more effective response to HIV/AIDS. The programme takes place within a wider social, political and economic context that plays a major role in response to HIV/AIDS. However, efforts are needed for continuous monitoring and evaluation or process evaluation of the CC activities to identify the major weaknesses and strength of the programme.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131493132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicenter Study of Factors Affecting Patient's Satisfaction Visiting Primary Health Care Clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Khalid A Alnemer, I. AL-Homood, A. Alnemer, Omalkhaire M. Alshaikh, Muath A Alsaidan, A. Alzahrani","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients satisfaction is increasingly being recognized as a central element in monitoring quality of health care services; the assessment of which may offer ways of optimizing health care delivery and preventing waste of medical resources. This study was designed to assess satisfaction and its determinants among patients attending governmental primary health care clinics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of patients attending two governmental clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire and stratified random sampling with equal allocation was adopted to select a significant number of patients of equal gender representation. Results: A total of 200 patients participated in the study, 71% were 21-40 years old with equal gender distribution, 77% were Saudis, 72.5% were satisfied with the services provided. The only factor that had a significant impact on overall satisfaction was the waiting time between registration and consultation, with those waiting over 30 minutes more often reporting to be dissatisfied with the service provided. (p=0.002). Conclusion: Overall, participants were satisfied with the services they received. However, those who had longer waiting time between registration and consultation showed higher rate of dissatisfaction.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127050988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Applicability of the Activities of Daily Living Age Scale in Japanese Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 75 Years or Older","authors":"R. Figueroa, S. Seino, N. Yabushita, Y. Osuka, Y. Okubo, M. Nemoto, Songee Jung, Kiyoji Tanaka","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"Our aim is to investigate the applicability of the activities of daily living age scale (ADLA) through the examination of the degree to which physical functionality is enhanced by habitual exercise in older Japanese aged 75 years and older. Participants comprised 598 community-dwellings older Japanese (386 women 79.0 ± 3.5 and 212 men 79.1 ± 3.8), who were divided in 2 groups of a non-exercise (NE) and an active group (A). The ADLA equation is an instrument that estimates participants’ physical functioning regarding ADL using data obtained previously from 1006 subjects. All participants completed a comprehensive battery of 3 physical performance items that formed the basis for the ADLA equation. The developed equations are as follow: ADLA for women = 0.447 (chronological age: CA) – 5.49 (ADL scoreADLS) + 44.17; and ADLA for men = 0.519CA – 4.27ADLS + 38.26. In women the mean of ADLA of NE group (78.9 ± 4.3 years) were significantly lower than their mean of CA (79.4 ± 3.5 years, p<0.05). Meanwhile there were no significant difference among the mean of ADLA of the NE group in men (80.0 ± 5.1 years) and their mean of CA (79.7 ± 4.2). The ADLA mean of A group in women (76.3 ± 3.7 years) and in men (77.3±3.4 years) were significantly lower than their mean of CA (78.6 ± 3.5 and 78.4 ± 3.3 years, p<0.01) respectively. The result indicates that ADLA scale has validity application. Through the responsiveness of the ADLA scale we conclude that exercise habituation affects overall physical function even on people over 75 years and older, possessing significantly higher level of physical fitness than those who do not exercise regularly. They showed a remarkably older ADLA.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128580305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chyle Improved with Plasma Exchange in Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis","authors":"Y. Sasaki, M. Tanabe, K. Koga","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis (19,970/mm3), hyponatremia (127 mEq/L), hyperglycemia (241 mg/dl) associated with previously undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c 12.2%), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (566 IU/L), and elevated C-reactive protein (8.65 mg/ dL). A computed tomography scan of the abdomen (Figure 1A and 1B) showed swelling of the pancreas (arrow) with hyperdense adipose tissue around the pancreas (circle). Although serum amylase was not elevated (16 mg/dL), we diagnosed the patient with acute pancreatitis based on his history and other objective findings. The blood specimen was remarkably chylous (Figure 2A) and triglycerides were 3,500 mg/dL. We diagnosed the patient with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis and performed plasma exchange using the following equipment: blood purifier, ACH-10 (Asahi KASEI); replacing fluid, 2.5 L of 4.4% albumin; polyethylene plasma separator, Plasmaflo OP-08 (Asahi KASEI); blood flow rate, 100 ml/h. After the procedure, triglycerides fell to 649 mg/dL and chyle was grossly improved (Figure 2B). The patient’s symptoms subsided and triglycerides spontaneously fell to 198 mg/dL. Subsequent management for acute pancreatitis was uneventful. He was also treated for diabetes and dyslipidemia with nutritional counseling and metformin 500 mg bid and bezafibrate 200 mg bid. He was discharged after a one-week hospitalization and treated in our outpatient clinic. Extreme hypertriglyceridemia (generally >1000 mg/dl) is thought to be the cause of acute pancreatitis because triglycerides are metabolized to free fat acid by pancreatic lipase, which causes lipotoxicity to the pancreatic tissue [1]. Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, plasma exchange is often performed and is reportedly effective for hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis according to the theory described above [1,2]. These impressive pictures of the blood samples suggest the rapid efficacy in lowering extremely high triglycerides.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126180536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodologies of Cost-of-Illness Studies on Alcohol by InternationalSystematic Review and Costs Impacted by Intervention of Reduced Drinkingin Japan","authors":"Y. Taguchi, S. Ikeda","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was aimed to analyze cost components and underlying methods of cost-of-illness (COI) studies on alcohol in Japan and overseas by international systematic review, to estimate direct and indirect costs attributable to alcohol in Japan with new data, and to estimate costs impacted by reduced drinking among high-risk drinkers in Japan. \u0000Methods: Relevant publications concerning COI studies on alcohol published during the years 2005-2014 were identified through PubMed and Embase. Google search was conducted to identify relevant studies based on references of other relevant publications. Japanese COI studies on alcohol were identified through Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi (Ichushi) database without limiting the publication year. Cost components and underlying methods were analyzed, and medical costs attributed to alcohol were calculated based on 2012 government data and alcohol-attributed fractions (AAFs), then costs impacted by reduced drinking in Japan were estimated. \u0000Results: Seven eligible studies on 7 countries including Japan met inclusion criteria. All the countries calculated direct and indirect costs associated with alcohol, while only 2 foreign countries further calculated intangible costs. Indirect and intangible costs were 2.5-4 times larger than direct costs in all countries. Medical care costs attributed to alcohol in Japan based on 2012 data and AAFs were 1.5 times higher than 25 years ago. Furthermore, decreased number of high-risk drinkers in Japan in achieving the second term goal of Health Japan 21 was estimated to save 363.1 billion yen per year. \u0000Conclusions: Despite methodological challenges of COI studies, it is still valuable to estimate direct and indirect costs attributable to alcohol in Japan, and related costs possibly saved by reduced drinking highlighted the importance of expanding brief interventions in a clinical setting in Japan.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121195196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Involvement of Hyperactive Internal Anal Sphincter in Adult Megacolon","authors":"H. Kayaba, H. Yoshino, Mayako Morii, M. Itoga, N. Saito","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adult megacolon comprises a heterogeneous group of conditions. This study is a retrospective review of a series of adult megacolon aimed to discriminate a subpopulation of this condition by elucidating shared physiopathology. \u0000Methods: Eight adult megacolon patients without Hirschsprung’s disease were treated over 15 years. Their clinical characteristics were evaluated with an epmphasis on manometric studies. \u0000Results: There were three females and five males aged 60.9 years on average. Seven of the eight patients had central nervous system disorders including epilepsy (4), Parkinson’s syndrome (2) and others (5). Three patients had hemorrhoids. All of these eight patients suffered from chronic constipation, and six of them had a history of sigmoid volvulus. Manometric study revealed anal Ultra Slow Waves, a manometric finding representing hyper-active internal anal sphincter, in five patients. \u0000Conclusion: Anal ultraslow waves and central nervous disorders were highly prevalent in adult megacolon. Hyperactive internal anal sphincter may be responsible for long standing constipation. Persisting hyperactivity of the internal anal sphincter after surgical treatment is a possible explanation for the recurrence of sigmoid volvulus or megacolon in these patients. More attention should be paid for the physiopathology of the anorectum in adult megacolon.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123449900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Factors Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria","authors":"A. Idung, S. Udoh","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major psychosocial problem resulting in profound distress in men. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence as well as psychosocial factors associated with erectile dysfunction in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 400 respondents attending the general outpatient clinic of University Of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) between January and March 2009 were randomly assessed for ED as well as psychosocial factors associated with it, using abridged version of international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) and the twelve-item version of general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in this study was 41.5%, the prevalence was higher among respondents aged 50 and 70 years of age (38.3%). Respondents who reside in the rural areas had higher prevalence of ED (22.0%) compared to those in the urban areas (19.5%). Respondents with ED scored high on GHQ-12 indicating significant psychopathology. Thirty seven (9.2%) respondents believed ED can be caused by stress, excessive thinking or hard work; 7.3% believed that ED can be caused by demonic attack, stepping on charms or sexual infidelity; 12.2% believed that ED can result from such medical conditions as hypertension, diabetes mellitus; 19.5% thought that ED can be treated with orthodox medicine while 22.0% believed that ED can be treated using a combination of orthodox and spiritual care; 15.0% respondents believed that ED can result in reduced work ability, income, social life and sex; while 12.5% respondents believed that ED can result in permanent incapacitation for the sufferer. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that ED affects men both physically and psychosocially.Health care providers must realize and be sensitive to the fact that sexuality is an essential part of our lives.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133899199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portal Vein Gas Due to Ischemic Bowel Disease","authors":"C. Tseng, T. Tsai, Wei-Ting Lin","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000I103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000I103","url":null,"abstract":"Chi-Chou Tseng1, Tsung-Chih Tsai2 and Wei-Ting Lin1,3* 1Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan 2Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan 3Department of Physical Therapy, Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan *Corresponding author: Wei-Ting Lin, Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Tel: 886-6-2812811 ext 57133; Email: aapriliaa@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129205987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}