Family Medicine and Medical Science Research最新文献

{"title":"Customer Service, a Key to Improve Health Delivery in Ghanaian Hospitals. (Patients are Subjects not Objects)","authors":"A. A. Thomas","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"The government of Ghana allocates a huge part of the national budget to the health sector every year with the sole aim of improving the health status of the citizens. As health infrastructure and health education have developed considerably over the years, so has complains of maltreatment of patients at various hospitals spread and been reported by the media. \u0000This study is a cross sectional study that uses a quantitative method for data collection. Questionnaires were administered to people living in Tema and its environs, which are aged 18 years and above, have been to hospital at least twice in the past two years and were willing to participate in the study. Data was analysed using SPSS. The study revealed some factors that influence patient’s choice of hospitals for treatment, some negative experience those patients go through at the hospital and patients’ ability to seek information or complain about things that they do not like. \u0000The study reveals the need for health workers to be patient centred and the creation of the enabling environment to enable patients participate full during treatment. The study also divulges that patient’s need to be encouraged to ask questions during treatment, while channel for feedback should be created for patients to have direct contact to health workers.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130949775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gentimacin Injection Induced Digital Necrosis in a 32 -Year Old Apprentice: A Case Report","authors":"A. Udo","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"Gentamicin is a type of aminoglycoside produced by the fermentation of bacteria widely present in the environment. Because of its widespread use and abuse, their toxic effects have become more obvious and sometimes bizarre. Toxic effects involve the kidneys, ears and rarely neuromuscular junction as well as neurovascular bundles leading to ischemia and tissue necrosis. I present a 32-year old apprentice who developed bluish to black discoloration of the terminal phalanx of the index, middle, ring and little fingers of both hands following several injections of gentamicin. Digital necrosis arising from injection of gentamicin is rare in the scientific literature. Adverse effects of aminoglycosides can be prevented through proper regulation of its use.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134019485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates and Predictors of Low Back Pain Disability and its Impact on Health- Related Quality of Life in a Family Practice Clinic in Calabar, South- South Nigeria","authors":"I. Okokon, E. John, N. Udonwa, Afiong Oku, U. Asibong, U. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-specific low back pain is a common health problem incurring immense health and social costs with concomitant disability, which has assumed significant public health importance in our setting. The impact from this condition is multi-factorial, and includes pain, activity limitations and impairment of quality of life. This study therefore aimed to examine the level of low back pain disability, its correlates and predictors, and the impact on selfperceived quality of life. It also sought to determine the predictors of health-related quality of life among low back pain patients in a Family Practice setting in Calabar, Nigeria. \u0000Method: This was a cross-sectional analytical study involving 350 consecutively selected patients with nonspecific low back pain. Standardized questionnaires were used including: the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Pain Scale. These were used to assess low back pain disability, psychological distress, healthrelated quality of life and pain intensity respectively. \u0000Result: The mean age of the respondents was 36.16 ± 9.93 years. Majority (70.6%) were females and had chronic pain lasting more than three months. Most of the respondents (88.9%) characterized their pain as severe. The mean health-related quality of life score was 45.82 ± 4.3. Factors associated with severe disability were: psychological distress and pain intensity. Significant correlations were observed between disability, pain intensity and psychological distress using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Independent risk factors for disability were psychological distress and those with chronic pain lasting more than 3 months. Overweight and obese subjects were more likely to have poor health-related quality of life when compared with those with normal body mass index (X2=8.81, P<0.05). The significant predictors of poor health-related quality of life using logistic regression were overweight/obesity and those with severe disability. \u0000Conclusion: This study identified significant correlations between low back pain disability, pain intensity and psychological distress. These correlations could be informative and should guide family physicians in the management of the index problem in our environment. The perception of quality of life in individuals with low back pain should also raise awareness of issues connected to the problem and encourage more research into this area.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130389369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celiac Disease Occurrence with Autoimmune Infertility in Infertile Men","authors":"N. Ali","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) among unexplained infertile men and determine the association of CD autoantibodies with antisperm autoantibodies (ASA) as diagnostic tool for Immunological Infertility. \u0000Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty six male patients were suffering from primary unexplained infertility were chosen to diagnose CD. Three autoantibodies (AD) were detected by performing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), deamidated gliadin peptide/tissue transglutaminase (DGP/tTg-IgA), tTg-IgG, and IgA. Other two autoantibodies were detected by ASA, IgG and ASA-IgA to diagnose immunologic infertility. All serologic procedures and seminal fluid examinations were done on unexplained infertile men in Basrah Governorate, South of Iraq. \u0000Results: Out of 166 participants with unexplained infertility, 15 participants (9%) have been diagnosed as immunological infertile. Thirteen participants (7.8%) have silent CD. Only seven (4.2%) have both immunologic infertility and CD. Statistically significant association between CD and immunological infertility (OR)>20 with (95%CI) between 7.2-58. Significant correlation (p<0.05) was resulted between the five autoantibodies and grade A+B motility parameter of seminal fluid analysis. \u0000Conclusion: Screening for CD should be part of the diagnostic work-up of unexplained infertile men, and immunological infertility should be considered as additional AD associated with CD in infertile men.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116105309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Castanospermine a Possible AIDS Treatment","authors":"A. Gelbard","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"The HIV virus infects the body in a very sophisticated manner. It uses a chemokine receptor called CCR5 that mis-recognizes it on the surface of specific type of T-helper immune cells called CD4 T-helper cells. The immune system CD8 T-helper cells then systematically attack the infected CD4 cells and demolish them. These cells go to degradation and recycling process by a system called MHC but the virus persists and small peptides of it return to the T-helper cells through the MHC system, in a mechanism essentially designed to improve immunity, and because of the CCR5 receptor malfunction, infect the CD4 T-cells once again. This process leads to a decline in CD4 T-cells count and to the immunodeficiency evident in AIDS, because these cells are necessary for the immune system’s function. This chemokine receptor that misrecognizes the virus on the surface of the T-cells, CCR5, has effective drugs meant to block its function, CCR5 antagonists that are already in use in AIDS treatment and have a very positive impact. Another form of treatment is by enhancing the production of new T-cells to restore immune efficiency despite the disease. What this paper suggests is another pathway randomly researched to impact the MHC process, in order to prevent the virus from continuously infecting the CD T-cells. Castanospermine is an indolizidine alkaloid first isolated from the seeds of Castanospermum australe. It and substances deriving of it are already in use in medicine [1]. Several studies have shown this substance to inhibit the MHC recycling process and affect its secretion [2-4].","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128735731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Degree of Obesity and the Development of Microalbuminuria in Korean Men: Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"S. Park, Kanghee Moon, J. Ryoo, Junghee Yoon, E. Lee, Keum Ok Lee, I. Oh, Joong-Myung Choi","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Not a few studies have investigated the clinical association between obesity and renal dysfunction. Nonetheless, there is still scarcity of information about the degree of obesity with the development of microalbuminuria. Thus, we evaluate the longitudinal relationship between the degree of obesity stratified by body mass index (BMI) and the risk for microalbuminuria. Method: A cohort of 1,938 Korean men with normoalbuminuria in 2005 was followed-up until 2010. The development of microalbuminuria was defined as urine-albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) between 30 and 300 µg/mg and the incidences of microalbuminuria were compared among 4 groups according to their baseline degree of obesity stratified by BMI. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) for microalbuminuria according to the degree of obesity. Result: During follow-up, 103 cases of microalbuminuria (5.4%) developed. The incidence of microalbuminuria was lowest in normal BMI group (underweight: 3.4%, normal: 2.6%, overweight: 4.2%, obesity: 7.9%, P<0.001). When HRs for microalbuminuria in normal BMI group was set as a reference, only obese group had the statistically significant association with the development of microalbuminuria [underweight: 1.73 (0.22-13.49), overweight: 1.49 (0.73-3.06), obese: 2.54 (1.31-4.93), respectively]. Conclusion: Comparing to normal BMI group, people with obesity had the higher risk for microalbuminuria. This study suggests that obesity is longitudinally related to the development of microalbuminuria.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123375865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Health Behaviours: HIV/STI Risk Perception among Namibian University Students","authors":"J. T. Olawale, Ojiezeh Tony Ifeanyi","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The attitude of young people towards the use of contraceptives differs and it is linked with their sexuality. One of the most frequent assertions for the lack of use of the condoms as contraceptive is that boys did not like using them because it reduces the feeling and pleasure during intercourse and some of the young mothers’ belief that putting on condom just prior to intercourse did interrupt the spontaneous feelings during sexual intimacy. \u0000Methods: Data was collected using self completed questionnaires for quantitative cross-sectional survey among students in classes selected through simple random sampling in each stratum (University Campus). Relationship between independent variables (method of contraception, misconceptions about the role of contraceptives in preventing STIs/HIV, transactional sex, HIV/STIs Risk perception of young people) and dependents variable (multiple sexual partners) was measured using multivariate model of logistic regression analysis. \u0000Results: Among sexually active students, condom use was 88.7%, abstinences 10.1% and did not use anything 1.3%. In thirty days under study about 20.0% have had sex at least twice, 8.2% more than four times and 37.4% did not have vaginal sex. Other forms of intercourse observed among the respondents are oral and anal sex which recorded 11.5% and 2.0% respectively. Only 13.9% have had transactional sex within the last 12 months. \u0000Conclusion: Some risky sexual practices such as multiple sexual partners, anal and oral sex and having unprotected vaginal intercourse were noted among the students, despite regular campaigns in media. However, it is a general belief that, the use of contraceptive like condom may interrupt spontaneous arousal feeling and pleasure during intercourse against the backdrop of likelihood of HIV/STDs infection and unwanted pregnancy. Therefore, more rigorous campaign from government at all levels is recommended.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Caffeine in Soft and Energy Drinks Available in Market by using UV/Visible Spectrophotometer","authors":"A. Khalid, Sohail Ahmad, Huma Raza, M. Batool, R. K. Lodhi, Q. Ain, Faiza Naseer","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment did to determine the pH, levels of caffeine concentration in five soft drinks and four energy drinks available in local market of Pakistan. pH were measured by pH meter. Quantitative estimation of caffeine concentration in drinks was performed by a simple and fast standard UV spectrophotometric method (Perkin Elmer lambda 35 UV/Vis spectrometer) using carbon tetrachloride as the extracting solvent at 270 nm wavelengths. The minimum caffeine level of soft drinks was observed in Brand-3(10.69 mg/serving), while Brand-5 showed the highest caffeine content (42.17 mg/serving) showing a range from 10.6 to 42.17 mg/serving. The concentration of caffeine in all energy drink samples are well below the maximum allowable limits set by the food regulatory bodies, except E2. The E2 has greater calculated concentration then the labelled concentration. The minimum caffeine level of energy drinks was observed in E4 (32.04 mg/L) while E2 showed highest caffeine level in energy drinks (101.705 mg/ serving) showing range from 32.04 mg/serving to 101.705 mg /serving . And the pH range of these soft drinks were (2.29 to 3.02) and in energy drinks (2.85 to 3.28).","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115627898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences, Strengths and Challenges of Integration of Mental Health into Primary Care in Ethiopia. Experiences of East African Country","authors":"G. Ayano, D. Assefa, Kibrom Haile, Lulu Bekana","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden of mental disorders is increaasing in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia but the number of psychiatry professionals is scarce. Integrating mental health in primary health care is vital to address the problem. This survey aimed in assessing the experiences, strengths and challenges of integrating mental health in primary health care in Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: Facility based supervisions was done in primary health care centers where the scale up program was implemented and giving mental health services. Semi structured and standardized WHO mental health Global Action Programme support and supervision questionnaires was used to collect information's. \u0000Findings: A total of 1576 mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders were identified and treated in selected four regions. Majority of identified cases were epilepsy (46.64%) followed by psychosis (28.49%). Essential drugs for treating psychosis, depression and epilepsy were available in almost all health institutions. Delayed support and supervisions, staff turnover, interrupted supply of drugs and shortage of budget were the major identified challenges of integrations. \u0000Conclusions: In general the experiences of mental health integration in Ethiopia have shown promising findings in achievements in number of trained professionals, health care centers involved, availability of drugs and cases identified and treated by trained professionals. Increasing number of staff trained in mental health care and Continuous support and training for trained professionals, supply of psychotropic medication is vital for effectiveness of integration. In additions researches in scale up concentrating on impact and outcomes of interventions are implicated for understanding the success of interventions.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133013496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Non-rheumatic Streptococcal Acute Myocarditis","authors":"R. Mazzoni, H. Laird-Fick","doi":"10.4172/2327-4972.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-4972.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"Non-rheumatic Streptococcal Acute Myocarditis, also known as Strep Pharyngitis Acute Myocarditis (SPAM) occurs in young adults, typically within five days of the initial streptococcal pharyngitis, and is characterized by typical cardiac symptoms, abnormal electrocardiography, and elevated cardiac biomarkers in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Patients may also report myalgias, arthralgias, and constitutional symptoms. Although a rare complication of Group A and G streptococcal infections, prompt recognition is important to ensure appropriate management. This article discusses the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with substernal chest pain and monoarticular arthralgia two days after diagnosis with streptococcal pharyngitis, and reviews available literature on the evaluation and management of SPAM.","PeriodicalId":356612,"journal":{"name":"Family Medicine and Medical Science Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127479234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}