Japanese Journal of Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"[Development of a New Resilience Scale for Parents of Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities].","authors":"Mio Tanaka,&nbsp;Mitsuru Hisata,&nbsp;Michio Miyasaka,&nbsp;Keiko Kurata,&nbsp;Kumiko Takizawa,&nbsp;Mayumi Nishikata,&nbsp;Jun Tohyama,&nbsp;Nao Seki","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objetives: As the first step forward building a supporting system for the Parents of Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) at home, we developed a new resilience scale that can be used by multiple professionals to understand the situation of those parents and to provide the necessary support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, we collected scale items on the basis of our previous study as well as related reports in the literature. These items were then screened by the research team with knowledge and experience in supporting those parents, finally, 37 items were generated. Then, we asked the parents of children with PIMD who were of elementary school age and above in the Kanto-Shinetsu area to complete a questionnaire. Out of 477 questionnaires sent, 193 were refused, and the data were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale was made up of the following seven factors. 1) Understanding and awareness of the child, 2) Empowerment by the child, 3) Use of specialists, 4) Interest and concern in something other than the child, 5) Emotional adjustment, 6) Maintenance of lifestyle balance, and 7) Request for assistances. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of each factor was calculated. The validity was also confirmed by determining the relationship of resilience with parents' well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that the new resilience scale for parents of children with PIMD developed in this study can be a reliable instrument for assessing resilience in Japanese parents of a child with such disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"74 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Toward a Declaration to Address Japan's Aging Society with Low Birth Rate: Summary of the Japanese Society for Hygiene's Working Group on Academic Research Strategy against an Aging Society with Low Birth Rate].","authors":"Kyoko Nomura,&nbsp;Kanae Karita,&nbsp;Atsuko Araki,&nbsp;Emiko Nishioka,&nbsp;Go Muto,&nbsp;Miyuki Iwai-Shimada,&nbsp;Mariko Nishikitani,&nbsp;Mariko Inoue,&nbsp;Shinobu Tsurugano,&nbsp;Naomi Kitano,&nbsp;Mayumi Tsuji,&nbsp;Sachiko Iijima,&nbsp;Kayo Ueda,&nbsp;Michihiro Kamijima,&nbsp;Zentaro Yamagata,&nbsp;Kiyomi Sakata,&nbsp;Masayuki Iki,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Yanagisawa,&nbsp;Masashi Kato,&nbsp;Kazuhito Yokoyama,&nbsp;Akio Koizumi,&nbsp;Takemi Otsuki","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18034","url":null,"abstract":"1 秋田大学医学部公衆衛生学講座, 杏林大学医学部衛生学公衆衛生学・杏林大学男女共同参画推進室, 3 北海道大学環境健康科学研究教育センター, 防衛医科大学校医学教育部看護学科母性看護学講座, 順天堂大学医学部衛生学講座, 6 国立環境研究所環境リスク・健康研究センター, 九州大学持続可能な社会のための決断科学センター, 8 帝京大学大学院公衆衛生学研究科, 電気通信大学保健管理センター, 10 和歌山県立医科大学地域・国際貢献推進本部地域医療支援センター,医学部公衆衛生学講座, 産業医科大学医学部産業衛生学, 12 順天堂大学大学院医療看護学研究科, 京都大学地球環境学堂, 名古屋市立大学大学院医学研究科環境労働衛生学分野, 15 山梨大学大学院総合研究部医学域社会医学講座, 岩手医科大学衛生公衆衛生学講座, 近畿大学医学部公衆衛生学講座, 18 東京慈恵会医科大学環境保健医学講座, 名古屋大学大学院医学系研究科環境労働衛生学, 京都保健会, 21 川崎医科大学衛生学講座","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"74 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36856481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dietary Patterns and Related Factors among Female University Students].","authors":"Arisa Takagi,&nbsp;Masahiro Toda,&nbsp;Akari Ikegawa","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and mental health status of female university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Self-administered questionnaires consisting of measures of food intake frequency and mental health status were completed by 320 female university students. Food intake frequency was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Then, dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to evaluate students' mental health status. Relationships between the dietary patterns and the mental health status were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three dietary patterns. \"The Japanese foods pattern in youth\" was a representative food intake pattern of this generation. \"The light eating pattern\" had lower intakes of most items but higher intakes of soft drinks, and was not interested in nutrition balance. \"The dairy products pattern\" had higher intakes of dairy products and sweets, and were significantly associated with high scores of GHQ-28 subscale anxiety and insomnia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dietary patterns are associated with the mental health status of female university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"74 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Types of Methods of Occupational Physician's Actions in the Health Committee].","authors":"Masako Nagata,&nbsp;Koji Mori,&nbsp;Tomohisa Nagata,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kaneko,&nbsp;Megumi Inoue","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed to categorize the actions of occupational physicians in health committees leading to solutions of occupational health problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two focus group discussions among experienced occupational physicians. The discussions addressed the following question: what had they and others said and done that had led to the development of solutions to occupational health problems. We used a qualitative content analysis approach developed by Berelson, and created a draft of the categories of actions. Subsequently, an online questionnaire survey was then used to evaluate the external validity of the draft. The questionnaire asked physicians whether they had experience of each item in the draft. They were also asked whether they had experienced any other items not included in the draft. If so, they were asked to provide a description of their experience. These descriptions were discussed by three researchers. Any suggested new items considered to fall under any of the original items in the draft were excluded, and any new items proposed by two or more participants were added as additional items. Finally, we corrected words and phrases and reviewed the items to ensure that they clearly conveyed the required meaning, and described actions leading to solutions to occupational health problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The content analysis revealed six basic actions, and 32 items were categorized in the draft. The six basic actions were \"participate\", \"gather information\", \"make a place that allows communication with key people and health committee members\", \"make arrangements\", \"speak at a health committee\", and \"pay attention\". In total, 67 physicians responded to the questionnaire survey. At least 40% of participants answered that they had experience of the draft items. All items in the draft had also been experienced by groups of occupational physicians other than those involved in the focus groups. Three additional items proposed by two or more participants were added. \"Pay attention\" was deleted following the final review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We categorized the actions of occupational physicians in health committees into five basic actions, and 32 items. Being aware of types of actions used in groups may encourage occupational physicians to be more involved in workplace health committees and contribute to the promotion of occupational health activities in the workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"74 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of the Status of Implementation of Nonsmoking at Eating and Drinking Establishments with Prevalence of Persons with Subjective Symptoms, Prevalence of Persons with Diseases under Treatment, Medical Expenses, and Mortality Rate: Examination Using Prefectural Data].","authors":"K. Kawamura, A. Nakai, Kazuko Yamada, I. Morioka","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19006","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to confirm the association of the status of implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments with the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses, and mortality rate using prefectural data. METHODS The prefectural rate of eating and drinking establishments implementing nonsmoking (hereafter, nonsmoking rate) was calculated using the data from \"Tabelog®\". The variables of interest were the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses (total, hospitalization and nonhospitalization expenses), and the mortality rates of malignant neoplasms (lung cancer, stomach cancer, and colon cancer), heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia in each prefecture. The partial correlation coefficient was estimated between the nonsmoking rate and the variable of interest using the smoking rate by prefectural as the control variable. RESULTS The nonsmoking rate showed a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses. When eating and drinking establishments were divided into \"restaurant\", \"café\", and \"bar\", the nonsmoking rate also indicated a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses in any category. It was negatively related to the mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia. The negative correlation was stronger in females than in males. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments may reduce the mortality rates of diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia, and medical expenses. Thus, it is important to implement nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments in line with the Revised Health Promotion Act.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86610483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic and Environmental Factors in Childhood Affecting High Brain Function].","authors":"Masaki Kakeyama","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain and mind are not only determined genetically but are also nurtured by environmental stimuli in early life. However, the relationship between early life environment and phenotypes in adulthood remains elusive. Using the IntelliCage-based competition task for group-housed mice, we previously found that maternal exposure to a low dose of an environmental pollutant, dioxin, resulted in abnormal social behavior, that is, low competitive dominance, which is defined by decreased occupancy of limited resource sites under highly competitive circumstances. Although we were unable to identify which behavioral phenotype applies to abnormalities such as \"human social nature\", we found signs of hypoactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex, as seen in patients with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, another model of environmental factors, repeated isolation during development, and that of genetic factors including mice with neuronal heterotopia, which refers to brain malformations resulting from deficits of neuronal migration, showed low competitive dominance. These results indicate that a constitutive approach to capture the neural network of the whole brain is necessary especially in cases where the temporal gap of causal relationships is large such as DOHaD.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 2","pages":"110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36177451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Environmental Chemical Exposure and Its Effects on Infants' Reproductive Hormones].","authors":"Atsuko Araki,&nbsp;Sachiko Itoh,&nbsp;Chihiro Miyashita,&nbsp;Machiko Minatoya,&nbsp;Reiko Kishi","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the birthrate has been continuously declining in Japan. The main causes of the decline are social factors. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that many environmental chemicals show endocrine disrupting properties. Thus, we hypothesized that exposure to these chemicals would also be a causal for the fertility crisis. In this review, we examined current evidence that focused on environmental chemical exposure in utero and its association with reproductive hormones in children. We have included the findings from a prospective birth cohorts, the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health Sapporo cohort. According to the literature, environmental chemical levels in utero, such as polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxins, perfluorinated chemical substances, phthalates, and bisphenol A were somewhat associated with the levels of reproductive hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, inhibin B, and insulin-like factor-3 in cord blood, in early childhood and adolescence. The literature also suggests the association between exposure to these chemicals and brain-sexual differentiation or the anogenital distance, which suggests the disruption of androgen shower during the developmental stage in the fetal period. There are still knowledge gaps on whether these hormones at an early stage affect the pubertal development and reproductive functions in later life. In addition, alternative chemicals are produced after banning one type. The health effects of alternative chemicals should be evaluated. Effects of exposure to a mixture of the chemicals should also be examined in future studies. In conclusion, the prevention of environmental chemical hazards in relation to human reproductive function is important. It would be one of the countermeasures to the falling birthrate caused by fertility issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 3","pages":"313-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36535006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Deterioration of Healthcare Service Quality Provided by Occupational Physicians Due to Dumping by Health Checkup and Switching Health Checkup Organizations].","authors":"Minoru Sugita,&nbsp;Toshihiro Kawamoto,&nbsp;Masayuki Tatemichi,&nbsp;Yuichi Miwa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Kurihara,&nbsp;Toshio Sasaki,&nbsp;Michiko Miyakawa","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>From 2007, competitive bidding for procurement became widely employed by the Japanese Government, and health check providers for government workers are selected every year by this method. Deterioration of health check quality due to excessive price competition is a serious concern. The National Federation of Industrial Health Organization (Zeneiren) conducted an investigative research on the contracting of health check providers and occupational physicians in workplaces in 2015-2016 in an effort to prevent low-cost but low-quality health checks. The report of the research is available on the homepage of Zeneiren. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the report, and deterioration of health check quality due to dumping by and switching of health check providers is discussed from economic and legal viewpoints.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Information was obtained from articles in print and on the Internet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A questionnaire survey of health check providers revealed that excessive discounts due to both competitive bidding and demand from companies commissioning health checks occurred on a routine basis, and some providers were concerned about worsening business conditions in the future. In a separate questionnaire survey of occupational physicians, it was discovered that they were able to evaluate the quality of health checks, whereas administrative officials responsible for selecting the providers were seldom able to adequately evaluate the health check quality, resulting in contracting providers of questionable quality, which in turn caused considerable dissatisfaction on the part of occupational physicians. Moreover, when health check providers were switched, the reporting format of health check results changed. The physicians did not favor such a change because of the considerably increased workload involved in coordinating past and current data and the risk of decreased occupational health service quality.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Dumping makes the management of health check providers very difficult and is a cause of loss of social capital. If health check providers of good quality withdraw from the market, the supply of high-quality health checks decreases. This corresponds to external diseconomy caused by dumping on the part of the health check providers and loss of social surplus (economic surplus).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To avoid deterioration of occupational health service due to low-quality health checks and changes in the reporting format, occupational physicians must actively engage in the selection of health check providers of good quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 3","pages":"413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36538398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Short-term Nap and Light Physical Exercise on Sleep among Elderly Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Dementia in Communal Living Group Homes].","authors":"Akiko Katagi,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Miyai","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we examined whether a combined regimen of a short-term nap and a light physical exercise is effective in improving sleep among elderly individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia in communal living group homes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three female residents (aged 87.4±5.6 years) living in two group homes for the elderly with dementia were included in the present study. After undergoing an assessment for eligibility, they were randomly allocated to either the study group (N=11), who participated in the regimen of a short-term nap (<30 min) and light physical exercise for four weeks, or the control group (N=12), who received the usual nursing care without participating in the nap and exercise regimen. The lengths of sleep time and wake time were measured using a sleep monitor with a radiofrequency motion sensor. The frequencies of nocturnal behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia including excitement, violence, night delirium, wandering, and unhygienic behavior were investigated throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects participating in the nap and physical exercise regimen showed a significant increase in sleep efficacy as well as a reduction in the total nocturnal wake time, whereas no clear change was observed in the control subjects. The frequencies of nocturnal episodes of urination in the study group also decreased during the course of the study. However, there was no significant decrease in the frequencies of nocturnal behavioral or psychological symptoms associated with dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that a short-term nap and a light physical exercise may be effective in adjusting the sleep-wake biorhythm in elderly patients with mild-to-moderate dementia and may improve sleep among these individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 3","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36538005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Microbial Growth in Unfinished Beverages in Plastic Bottles and the Awareness of Nursing Students in a University about Microbial Contamination].","authors":"Ikuharu Morioka,&nbsp;Aki Uenaka,&nbsp;Ayumi Tanigawa,&nbsp;Yui Matsumoto","doi":"10.1265/jjh.73.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.73.373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purposes of this study were to clarify the microbial growth when drinking a beverage directly from its plastic bottle using models under consumption conditions characteristic for nursing students in a university and their awareness about microbial contamination in unfinished beverages in bottles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three types of bottled beverages were tested: mineral water, Japanese green tea with catechin, and a lactic acid beverage. The ways of drinking were putting the entire lip of a bottle into the mouth (type A) and holding half of the lip out of the mouth (type B). The bottles were kept at room temperature for 8 hours. Samples from unfinished beverages were cultured to detect viable bacteria. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to 324 nursing students of a university, among which 279 responded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of viable bacterial cells was larger in type A of drinking than in type B. It increased in mineral water until 2 hours, after which it remained the same. It decreased in Japanese green tea with catechin and the lactic acid beverage. However, even the smallest number exceeded the standard number for drinking beverages. Among the nursing students, 62.7% were aware of microbial contamination in unfinished beverages, but despite this awareness, they did not consume their beverages as soon as possible.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is necessary to provide the nursing students with health education on the safety of partially consumed bottled beverages with respect to food hygiene, even if microorganisms do not grow in some types of beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"73 3","pages":"373-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.73.373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36538394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}