Japanese Journal of Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"[Significant Birthdays of Pettenkofer and Koch Celebrated in Germany].","authors":"Toshio Matsushita, Beate Wonde","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37152360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examination of Regional Differences in Performance of Health Systems by Prefecture Using Cluster Analysis].","authors":"Hisato Nakajima, K. Yano","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19009","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) pointed out the deterioration of the performance of health systems (performance) in Japan. To correct this, we evaluated the performances in different prefectures. METHODS By the OECD method, we set 27 indicators concerning \"health status (HS)\", \" risk factors (RFs)\", \" access to care (AC)\", \" quality of care (QC)\", and \" health care resources (HRs)\". Next, the relative value (RV, ±4 standard deviation) from the average value of each indicator in each prefecture was obtained. On the basis of this RV, the prefectures were divided into A, B, and C by cluster analysis. Then, the 27 indicators of the three groups were subjected to multiple comparison tests and the performances were evaluated. RESULTS A included Hokkaido, Ishikawa, Kyoto, Shimane, Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime, Kochi, Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, and Okinawa, B included Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Tokyo, Osaka, and Wakayama, C included Miyagi, Yamagata, Gunma, Chiba, Kanagawa, Niigata, Toyama, Fukui, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie, Shiga, Hyogo, Nara, and Tottori. The multiple comparison test results showed that HS and RFs were not significantly different between A and C. In A, AC and QC were poor, but HRs were excessive, and the local allocation tax was high. RFs, AC, QC, HRs, and the local allocation taxes were not significantly different between B and C, but HS was poor in B. CONCLUSIONS The performance of health systems was deteriorating in the 19 prefectures included in A, and correction is necessary in these prefectures.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83170361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Liver Fibrosis is Associated with Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with No History of Liver Diseases].","authors":"Shuhei Ohnishi,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Miyai,&nbsp;Miyoko Utsumi,&nbsp;Kanae Mure,&nbsp;Tatsuya Takeshita,&nbsp;Mitsuru Shiba,&nbsp;Mikio Arita","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed to examine the possible association between liver fibrosis and loss of skeletal muscle mass (SM) in community-dwelling older adults with no history of liver diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,028 older adults (mean age, 69.8 ± 5.2 years) who had not received any treatment for liver diseases and had participated in a comprehensive health survey for community residents in Wakayama, Japan were included in this study. We carried out bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate the SM of the whole body including the arms, legs, and trunk of the subjects. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by calculating the Fib4 index based on the subject's age, AST level, ALT level, and platelet counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects were divided into three groups according to cutoff values of the Fib4 index (low: <1.30, medium: 1.30-2.66, high: ≥2.67). The SM index (kg/m²) was the lowest among subjects in the high-Fib4-index category, followed by the medium- and low-Fib4-index categories. This dose-response reduction in the SM index was more pronounced among individuals with lower blood albumin level (low nutrition) and in those with more sedentary behavior (physical inactivity). Among the selected 262 subjects who underwent SM measurement twice with an interval of 3 years, the subjects with a high Fib4 index showed greater reduction in the SM index than those with medium and low Fib4 indices. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the Fib4 index was significantly associated with the SM index, independent of age, sex, albumin level, sedentary behavior, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings suggest that the potential progression of liver fibrosis is associated with the excessive loss of SM among apparently healthy older adults without any treatment for liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Toxic Components of PM2.5 and Their Toxicity Mechanisms-On the Toxicity of Sulfate and Carbon Components].","authors":"M. Sagai","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19004","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the main air pollutant has been fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is taken up by the whole body with severe adverse health effects. The main chemical components of PM2.5 are salts of sulfate (and nitrate) and carbons. However, it remains unknown which components are toxic. Here, the author reviewed the literatures to determine which components are toxic and the main mechanisms underlying their toxicity. Many epidemiological studies have shown that sulfate concentration is strongly related to mortality. However, there is no experimental evidence showing that sulfate at environmental concentrations of PM2.5 causes cardiovascular disease or other disease. On the other hand, carbon components such as elementary carbon (EC) produces high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via its phagocytosis by macrophages, and organic carbon (OC) also produces high concentrations of ROS during its metabolic processes, and the ROS cause acute and chronic inflammation. They cause many diseases including cardiovascular disease, asthma and cancer. Furthermore, there are many lines of evidence showing that epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation or microRNA expression induced by particulate matters also induce the development of many diseases such as those mentioned above. It has been reported that carbon components are incorporated into the brain and produce ROS, and that the ROS cause damage to brain cells and Alzheimer's disease and cognitive disorders in the elderly.From these lines of evidence, the author would like to emphasize that the main toxicity of PM2.5 is due to carbon components, and it is important to take countermeasures to decrease the concentration of carbon components in ambient air.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Effects of Exposure to Chemical Substances on Child Health].","authors":"Miyuki Iwai-Shimada,&nbsp;Shoji F Nakayama,&nbsp;Tomohiko Isobe,&nbsp;Yayoi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Go Suzuki,&nbsp;Kyoko Nomura","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is mounting concern about the effects of early-life exposure to chemical substances on children's health and development. We summarize the past and ongoing birth cohort studies carried out worldwide on the association between environmental exposure and children's health. Our PubMed search with the keywords 'birth cohort' revealed that the number of articles jumped from 200-300 in the 1980s to over 1,000 in the 1990s. Many of these articles reported elevated risks to children's health posed by chemical exposure owing their vulnerability. At the same time, policies implemented to reduce exposure to lead and dioxins were successful in the past few decades. Research also demonstrated that intervention to reduce exposure to certain chemicals whose exposure routes were well documented was also successful. We summarize the effects of early-life exposure to chemical substances on children's health and development. Our findings will hopefully help safeguard the environment in which future generations grow and live.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of a New Resilience Scale for Parents of Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities].","authors":"Mio Tanaka,&nbsp;Mitsuru Hisata,&nbsp;Michio Miyasaka,&nbsp;Keiko Kurata,&nbsp;Kumiko Takizawa,&nbsp;Mayumi Nishikata,&nbsp;Jun Tohyama,&nbsp;Nao Seki","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objetives: As the first step forward building a supporting system for the Parents of Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) at home, we developed a new resilience scale that can be used by multiple professionals to understand the situation of those parents and to provide the necessary support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, we collected scale items on the basis of our previous study as well as related reports in the literature. These items were then screened by the research team with knowledge and experience in supporting those parents, finally, 37 items were generated. Then, we asked the parents of children with PIMD who were of elementary school age and above in the Kanto-Shinetsu area to complete a questionnaire. Out of 477 questionnaires sent, 193 were refused, and the data were statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale was made up of the following seven factors. 1) Understanding and awareness of the child, 2) Empowerment by the child, 3) Use of specialists, 4) Interest and concern in something other than the child, 5) Emotional adjustment, 6) Maintenance of lifestyle balance, and 7) Request for assistances. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of each factor was calculated. The validity was also confirmed by determining the relationship of resilience with parents' well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that the new resilience scale for parents of children with PIMD developed in this study can be a reliable instrument for assessing resilience in Japanese parents of a child with such disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Toward a Declaration to Address Japan's Aging Society with Low Birth Rate: Summary of the Japanese Society for Hygiene's Working Group on Academic Research Strategy against an Aging Society with Low Birth Rate].","authors":"Kyoko Nomura,&nbsp;Kanae Karita,&nbsp;Atsuko Araki,&nbsp;Emiko Nishioka,&nbsp;Go Muto,&nbsp;Miyuki Iwai-Shimada,&nbsp;Mariko Nishikitani,&nbsp;Mariko Inoue,&nbsp;Shinobu Tsurugano,&nbsp;Naomi Kitano,&nbsp;Mayumi Tsuji,&nbsp;Sachiko Iijima,&nbsp;Kayo Ueda,&nbsp;Michihiro Kamijima,&nbsp;Zentaro Yamagata,&nbsp;Kiyomi Sakata,&nbsp;Masayuki Iki,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Yanagisawa,&nbsp;Masashi Kato,&nbsp;Kazuhito Yokoyama,&nbsp;Akio Koizumi,&nbsp;Takemi Otsuki","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18034","url":null,"abstract":"1 秋田大学医学部公衆衛生学講座, 杏林大学医学部衛生学公衆衛生学・杏林大学男女共同参画推進室, 3 北海道大学環境健康科学研究教育センター, 防衛医科大学校医学教育部看護学科母性看護学講座, 順天堂大学医学部衛生学講座, 6 国立環境研究所環境リスク・健康研究センター, 九州大学持続可能な社会のための決断科学センター, 8 帝京大学大学院公衆衛生学研究科, 電気通信大学保健管理センター, 10 和歌山県立医科大学地域・国際貢献推進本部地域医療支援センター,医学部公衆衛生学講座, 産業医科大学医学部産業衛生学, 12 順天堂大学大学院医療看護学研究科, 京都大学地球環境学堂, 名古屋市立大学大学院医学研究科環境労働衛生学分野, 15 山梨大学大学院総合研究部医学域社会医学講座, 岩手医科大学衛生公衆衛生学講座, 近畿大学医学部公衆衛生学講座, 18 東京慈恵会医科大学環境保健医学講座, 名古屋大学大学院医学系研究科環境労働衛生学, 京都保健会, 21 川崎医科大学衛生学講座","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36856481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dietary Patterns and Related Factors among Female University Students].","authors":"Arisa Takagi,&nbsp;Masahiro Toda,&nbsp;Akari Ikegawa","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and mental health status of female university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Self-administered questionnaires consisting of measures of food intake frequency and mental health status were completed by 320 female university students. Food intake frequency was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Then, dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to evaluate students' mental health status. Relationships between the dietary patterns and the mental health status were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three dietary patterns. \"The Japanese foods pattern in youth\" was a representative food intake pattern of this generation. \"The light eating pattern\" had lower intakes of most items but higher intakes of soft drinks, and was not interested in nutrition balance. \"The dairy products pattern\" had higher intakes of dairy products and sweets, and were significantly associated with high scores of GHQ-28 subscale anxiety and insomnia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dietary patterns are associated with the mental health status of female university students.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.18027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Types of Methods of Occupational Physician's Actions in the Health Committee].","authors":"Masako Nagata,&nbsp;Koji Mori,&nbsp;Tomohisa Nagata,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kaneko,&nbsp;Megumi Inoue","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aimed to categorize the actions of occupational physicians in health committees leading to solutions of occupational health problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two focus group discussions among experienced occupational physicians. The discussions addressed the following question: what had they and others said and done that had led to the development of solutions to occupational health problems. We used a qualitative content analysis approach developed by Berelson, and created a draft of the categories of actions. Subsequently, an online questionnaire survey was then used to evaluate the external validity of the draft. The questionnaire asked physicians whether they had experience of each item in the draft. They were also asked whether they had experienced any other items not included in the draft. If so, they were asked to provide a description of their experience. These descriptions were discussed by three researchers. Any suggested new items considered to fall under any of the original items in the draft were excluded, and any new items proposed by two or more participants were added as additional items. Finally, we corrected words and phrases and reviewed the items to ensure that they clearly conveyed the required meaning, and described actions leading to solutions to occupational health problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The content analysis revealed six basic actions, and 32 items were categorized in the draft. The six basic actions were \"participate\", \"gather information\", \"make a place that allows communication with key people and health committee members\", \"make arrangements\", \"speak at a health committee\", and \"pay attention\". In total, 67 physicians responded to the questionnaire survey. At least 40% of participants answered that they had experience of the draft items. All items in the draft had also been experienced by groups of occupational physicians other than those involved in the focus groups. Three additional items proposed by two or more participants were added. \"Pay attention\" was deleted following the final review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We categorized the actions of occupational physicians in health committees into five basic actions, and 32 items. Being aware of types of actions used in groups may encourage occupational physicians to be more involved in workplace health committees and contribute to the promotion of occupational health activities in the workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of the Status of Implementation of Nonsmoking at Eating and Drinking Establishments with Prevalence of Persons with Subjective Symptoms, Prevalence of Persons with Diseases under Treatment, Medical Expenses, and Mortality Rate: Examination Using Prefectural Data].","authors":"K. Kawamura, A. Nakai, Kazuko Yamada, I. Morioka","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19006","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to confirm the association of the status of implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments with the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses, and mortality rate using prefectural data. METHODS The prefectural rate of eating and drinking establishments implementing nonsmoking (hereafter, nonsmoking rate) was calculated using the data from \"Tabelog®\". The variables of interest were the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses (total, hospitalization and nonhospitalization expenses), and the mortality rates of malignant neoplasms (lung cancer, stomach cancer, and colon cancer), heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia in each prefecture. The partial correlation coefficient was estimated between the nonsmoking rate and the variable of interest using the smoking rate by prefectural as the control variable. RESULTS The nonsmoking rate showed a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses. When eating and drinking establishments were divided into \"restaurant\", \"café\", and \"bar\", the nonsmoking rate also indicated a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses in any category. It was negatively related to the mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia. The negative correlation was stronger in females than in males. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments may reduce the mortality rates of diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia, and medical expenses. Thus, it is important to implement nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments in line with the Revised Health Promotion Act.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86610483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}