Japanese Journal of Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"[Health-related QOL and Life Background of Outpatients Using Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program].","authors":"Satoshi Wakata,&nbsp;Yukio Takagi,&nbsp;Akio Koizumi","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the quality of life (QOL) of patients using the Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program, which is a system that enables people in financial difficulities to receive treatment free of charge or at a low cost. We also investigated the background charateristics and lifestyle of the patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The subjects were 226 outpatients who used the Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program (use group) and 226 outpatients who did not use the program (non-use group). The method was an anonymous cross-sectional servey by mail. The survey items included basic attributes, health-related QOL (HRQOL), feeling of being poor, lifestyle diseases, lifestyle, and connection with the community.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of respondants with valid responses was 97 in the use group and 85 in the non-use group. Among the basic attributes, there were a significant differense between the use group and the non-use group in the family structure, type of work, household income, and educational background. The HRQOL scores of the physical and social summary components were significantly lower in the use group than in the non-use group. The HRQOL scores of mental summary component were higher than the national standard HRQOL score in both the use and non-use groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, it was considered that old age affected the HRQOL scores of the physical and social components. It was considered from the HRQOL scores of the mental aspect that the use of the Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program might have contributed to mental stability a certain to extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37705831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship between Echovirus Epidemics and Incidence of Aseptic Meningitis following Mumps Vaccination Based on Previous Japanese Reports: Possibility of Misclassification of Echovirus Infection in Previous Reports].","authors":"Hideaki Kumihashi,&nbsp;Munehide Kano,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In Japan, the vaccination for mumps has been on a voluntary basis since 1993 because of safety concerns arising from the high incidence of aseptic meningitis associated with Japanese mumps vaccine strains. However, recent reports on the voluntary mumps vaccination have described the decreased incidence of postvaccination aseptic meningitis for unknown reasons. To explore the underlying reason for this decrease, we analyzed the influence of echoviruses, the most common causative viruses for community-acquired aseptic meningitis, on the previously reported incidence of aseptic meningitis following mumps vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used available data on the yearly number of cases of echovirus detection from the Infectious Agents Surveillance Reports issued by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases as well as previously reported nationwide data on the incidence of postvaccination aseptic meningitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of postvaccination aseptic meningitis tended to be higher during the period of an echovirus epidemic and lower during the period without such as epidemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present ecological trend analysis suggests the influence of echovirus epidemics on the previous reported incidence of aseptic meningitis following mumps vaccination. It is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis of echovirus infection to identify the true causative viruses in aseptic meningitis following mumps vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37728904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Factors Affecting Nutrient Intake of Students after High School Graduation: Focusing on Changes in Diet and the Period of Solitary Living].","authors":"Junichi Kasamaki,&nbsp;Kunio Miyanishi,&nbsp;Yoshiko Kasahara,&nbsp;Hiroshi Matsumoto,&nbsp;Junichi Nishida,&nbsp;Takayuki Shibukura","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we aim to establish supportive measures for sustaining a healthy diet in students and young adults after graduating from high school by examining possible factors leading to changes in their daily nutrient consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire survey was conducted among university, college, and vocational school students throughout the main island of Japan (total numbers of respondents with valid responses, 1,256) to evaluate their diets using a five-point scale. Two groups were selected based on the status of daily nutrient consumption. One group comprised 258 students who had maintained high nutrition scores (scored ≥ 4 points in all six primary food groups) since their third year in high school (maintained high-score group) and the other group comprised 250 students whose nutrition scores declined after high school (decreased-score group: scored high in the third year of high school but the scores decreased after admission to universities, colleges, and other institutes). By comparing these two groups, we investigated the possible factors affecting the decrease in nutrition scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As the number of students in \"the period of solitary living\" and with the behavior of \"skipping breakfast\" increased, the proportion of students in the decreased-score group was found to increase. The eating behaviors that significantly differed between the students in the third year and those after graduating from high school were \"skipping breakfast\", \"eating out\", and \"instant food intake\" in the decreased-score group in both genders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this study indicate that we must promote measures that address the factors affecting nutrition intake after high school graduation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37728905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Involvement of Notch1 and ALK4/5 Signaling Pathways in Renal Tubular Cell Death: Their Application to Clarification of Cadmium Toxicity].","authors":"Kota Fujiki","doi":"10.1265/jjh.20007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.20007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal tubular cell death is caused by various extracellular stresses including toxic amounts of cadmium, an occupational and environmental pollutant metal, and is responsible for renal dysfunction. While cadmium exposure disrupts many intracellular signaling pathways, the molecular mechanism underlying cadmium-induced renal tubular cell death has not yet been fully elucidated. We have recently identified two important intracellular signaling pathways that promote cadmium-induced renal tubular cell death: the Notch1 signaling and activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 4/5 signaling (also known as the activin-transforming growth factor β receptor pathways). In this review paper, we introduce our previous experimental findings, focusing on Notch1 and ALK4/5 signaling pathways, which may uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in cadmium-induced renal tubular cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38737988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water against Contamination of Water Line of Dental Units].","authors":"Masako Nakano,&nbsp;Ayuko Takao,&nbsp;Nobuko Maeda,&nbsp;Noriyasu Hosoya","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) against the contamination of the water line of dental units and the effects of SAEW on the water line.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experimental material was a prototype dental unit equipped with a SAEW generator. SAEW is directly supplied to each device or part of this unit system. Experimental SAEW samples were collected from a high-speed handpiece (HS-1), an ultrasonic scaler, and a cup filler of the prototype dental unit. Control samples were taken before and after the prescribed flushing from another high-speed handpiece (HS-2) that is directly supplied with tap water in the same dental unit. The samples were analyzed for free chlorine and heterotrophic bacteria for 7 years to assess the efficacy and effects of SAEW. The substances eluted in SAEW were examined to investigate the effect of SAEW on the water line. A questionnaire survey was conducted on patients on whom dental uints supplied with SAEW were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAEW always showed a higher free chlorine concentration than tap water during the observation period of 7 years. In HS-2 supplied with tap water, the free chlorine concentration increased significantly owing to the prescribed flushing. SAEW always showed a significantly smaller number of heterotrophic bacteria than tap water. No abnormal levels values of water line components eluted into SAEW were observed. There were few negative comments from patients on whom dental units supplied with SAEW were used.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SAEW continuously used for 7 years was effective for contamination control in the water line of dental units.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.19021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37772107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examination of Factors Affecting Life Expectancy by Prefecture Based on the Criteria of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development].","authors":"Hisato Nakajima,&nbsp;Kouya Yano","doi":"10.1265/jjh.20001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.20001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the indicators affecting life expectancy at birth and life expectancy at age 65 by multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis, and examined the factors affecting the longevity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We set indicators for health status, risk factors, access to care, quality of care and health care resources. Then, we conducted multiple regression analysis with life expectancy at birth and life expectancy at age 65 as the objective variables and 22 indicators as explanatory variables. Principal component analysis was also performed on the 22 indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men's life expectancy at birth was positively affected by hospital admission ratio and national health insurance costs, and negatively by the rate of requirement of care certification and alcohol consumption. Men's life expectancy at age 65 was positively affected by income-to-medical expenses ratio and hospitalization treatment ratio, and negatively by requiring care certification rate, smoking rate and obesity rate. Women's life expectancy at birth was positively affected by population coverage and hospitalization treatment ratio, and negatively by women's heart disease mortality rate, requiring care certification rate and smoking rate. Women's life expectancy at age 65 was positively affected by late-stage elderly medical costs and the number of doctors, and negatively by requiring care certification rate and air pollution. Principal component 1 indicated \"aging high-medical-resource society\", principal component 2 indicated \"high mortality from heart disease\", and principal component 3 indicated the \"degree of risk factor\".</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>On the basis of the indicators found to affect life expectancy at birth and life expectancy at age 65, it is necessary to take measures to ensure a long life.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38113901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Environment and immunity-Allergies and autoimmune diseases from epidemiological perspective].","authors":"Takahiko Katoh,&nbsp;Minoru Satoh","doi":"10.1265/jjh.20005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.20005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunity, which denotes the protection of multicellular organisms against various bacterial and viral infections, is an essential protective mechanism for living organisms. Allergy is a reaction to a foreign substance existing in the environment that is basically not a component of the self. Additionally, autoimmune diseases are associated with the dysfunction in the recognition of self and non-self, and are pathological conditions caused by immune cells attacking their own tissues and cells. In this paper, we outline the current status of immunity with respect to the environment from the epidemiological perspective with regard to the following: (1) evolution and immunity, (2) allergy, (3) autoantibodies, (4) autoimmune diseases, (5) relationships of immunity with the environment, allergy, autoantibodies, and autoimmune diseases, and (6) celiac disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"75 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38671725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Factors Related to Salt-Reduction Cognizance and Salt Intake in Women Aged 40-59 Years: Characteristics of Guardians of Medical University Students].","authors":"Kozue Itoi, Kazuko Yamada, I. Morioka","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18036","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES In our previous study in which we aimed to clarify the factors related to salt intake in women aged 40-59 years, salt intake was found to be not related to salt-reduction cognizance. The aim of this research was to clarify factors related to salt intake in those who were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake. METHODS Two hundred and forty-seven female guardians (effective rate, 32.2%) in a medical university, aged 40-59 years old, participated in this study. The participants were divided into three groups according to their salt-reduction cognizance. RESULTS There was no significant difference in salt intake between the three groups who were salt-reduction cognizant. Intakes of potassium (mg/1,000 kcal), vegetables, and fruits were higher in those who were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake. The frequencies of consuming stewed foods, miso soup, and vinegared and marinated dishes were also higher. Those who were salt-reduction cognizant were knowledgeable about salt consumption, had experienced making low-salt dishes, used low-sodium seasoning, and made light-tasting dishes by regulating ingredients when cooking. However, when it came to eating, there was no difference in the percentage of those who left most of the broth when eating noodle soups and the frequency with which they added seasoning in terms of salt-reduction cognizance. CONCLUSION Salt-reduction cognizant women aged 40-59 years made conscious efforts to use less salt at the time of cooking, but made no efforts when eating, even though they were cognizant of the importance of reducing their salt intake.","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83344015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Factors Related to Stockpiling of Oral Care Hygiene Materials in Normal Times: Internet Survey Analysis].","authors":"Kimiko Sato,&nbsp;Katsutoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1265/jjh.18020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.18020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to clarify the current status of stockpiling of oral care hygiene materials in case of a disaster and to determine methods to support stockpiling during disaster preparation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an Internet questionnaire survey on stockpiling and disaster prevention measures among 300 adults. For statistical analysis, the χ² test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman rank test were employed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to review factors related to stockpiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the questions on stockpiling and disaster prevention (14 of 15 items), seven items on disaster prevention measures and two on disaster prevention experiences significantly differed. Analysis of disaster prevention knowledge revealed that disaster prevention measures and disaster experiences significantly differed in terms of the presence or absence of stockpiling, albeit a positive correlation was noted with stockpiling. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with stockpiling as a dependent variable. As a result, the items 'I am aware about the hazard map of the residential area', 'I am aware about the type of oral care hygiene materials prepared for emergency' and 'Devising the living environment such that large furnitures and cupboards do not collapse during disasters' were effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stockpiling at home is considered necessary for self-sufficiency during a disaster on the basis of the experiences in disaster management, disaster prevention knowledge and disaster prevention measures. Hence, stockpiling is a strong measure against disaster prevention along with provision of appropriate knowledge about the necessity of oral care in daily life. Disaster prevention education that empowers a population to prepare itself by implementing disaster prevention measures, such as improving the home environment, is considered effective. In addition, considering that relying on stockpiling at an individual level is ineffective, it is necessary to create mechanisms and systems that jointly manage disaster situations according to local circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"74 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current Status and Perspective of Behavioral Science in Social Medicine].","authors":"Takahiko Katoh","doi":"10.1265/jjh.19018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.19018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term behavioral science was coined in 1946 by a research group at the University of Chicago led by Miller. It is defined as \"science that systematically reveals the rules of human behavior\". To elucidate human behavior, they proposed combining biological science and social science. In Japan, achievements in behavioral science research have accumulated and have been applied in health education and health policy. In this paper, we describe the current status and future approaches in social medicine through an overview of behavioral science research in Japan with regard to the following five points: 1) representative theories and techniques in health behavior, 2) differences in health awareness, 3) a new approach of behavioral science based on the dual process theory, behavioral economics, and zero-order prevention, 4) diversity in behavioral changes and 5) experimental research in behavioral science.</p>","PeriodicalId":35643,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene","volume":"74 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1265/jjh.19018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37489164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}