Chinese Medical Sciences Journal最新文献

{"title":"Post-traumatic dementia: advances in understanding neurodegenerative mechanisms","authors":"Xiao-Jie He,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic brain injury can trigger long-term neurodegenerative diseases beyond its devastating acute effects. This narrative review summarizes current understanding of the neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying post-traumatic dementia. Core mechanisms involve multiple pathophysiological processes: long-term dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, which impairs the clearance of toxic proteins; diffuse axonal injury, leading topersistent disruption of axonal transport, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, and Wallerian-like degeneration; and the abnormal deposition of key pathological proteins such as amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylation and propagation of tau protein, and dysfunctional TAR DNA-binding protein-43, all of which disrupt protein homeostasis. In addition, chronic neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes acts as a critical link, continuously exacerbating synaptic damage and neurodegeneration through the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Genetic factors, such as the <em>APOE4</em> allele, can significantly amplify these pathological processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that traumatic brain injury is not an isolated acute event but rather initiates and accelerates a long-term, multifactorial neurodegenerative cascade, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction. These insights provide important targets for the development of targeted intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Predictive Model for Heart Failure in Patients with Hypertension and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Single-Center Study","authors":"Qun-Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Cui-Ping Pan,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Zou,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Bai,&nbsp;Ming-Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yi-Ning Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Feng Jin,&nbsp;Rui-Zhe Li,&nbsp;Zong-Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for heart failure in patients with hypertension and persistent atrial fibrillation (HT-PeAF).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from patients with HT-PeAF hospitalized at Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital between 2010 and 2019. Predictive variables were selected based on multivariable logistic regression analysis and clinical relevance, which were then incorporated into a clinical nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for discrimination, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test for calibration, and decision curve analysis for clinical utility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 395 enrolled patients, 151 experienced heart failure. Nine predictive variables were identified: prior catheter ablation, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, uric acid, creatinine, total bilirubin, fasting blood glucose, red blood cell distribution width, and coronary artery disease. The nomogram demonstrated good discriminative ability (AUC = 0.77, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.72–0.81), good calibration (<em>P</em> = 0.44), and favorable clinical utility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This accessible tool facilitates individualized risk stratification for heart failure in HT-PeAF patients, though prospective validation in multicenter Asian cohorts is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148938588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous wound infiltration with local anesthetics in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yun-Tai Yao,&nbsp;Aditya More,&nbsp;Mark Chao,&nbsp;Shuo Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Effective postoperative analgesia is critical to recovery after cardiac surgery. Continuous wound infiltration (CWI) with local anesthetics (LAs) has been proposed as an opioid-sparing adjunct, but its efficacy beyond pain control and its safety profile remain incompletely defined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CWI with control in adult cardiac surgery. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to August 30, 2025, and updated on April 2, 2026. Primary outcomes were postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and cumulative morphine consumption. Secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation duration, length of stay, mortality, complications, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve RCTs involving 2,117 patients were included. CWI significantly reduced VAS during mobilization at 24 h (MD=−0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.53–−0.33, <em>P</em> = 0.002) and 48 h (MD=−0.80, 95% <em>CI</em>: −1.17–−0.44, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and decreased 48-hour morphine consumption (MD=−8.10 mg, 95% <em>CI</em>: −13.41–−2.79, <em>P</em> = 0.003). No significant effects were observed on VAS at rest, mechanical ventilation duration, ICU or hospital length of stay, mortality, or major cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal complications, or postoperative infections. Patient satisfaction was higher with CWI. Technical complications were uncommon, and no clinically significant LA toxicity was reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In adult cardiac surgery, CWI with LAs modestly improves analgesia during mobilization and reduces opioid requirements without clear improvement in major clinical outcomes or length of stay. CWI appears safe and feasible and may serve as an adjunct in multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia strategies. Further adequately powered trials are warranted to define its comparative effectiveness within contemporary enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148938936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gu Fangzhou: a monument to polio elimination in China","authors":"Fu-Min Huang,&nbsp;Rong Chai,&nbsp;Hai-Sheng Liu,&nbsp;Yun-Feng Wang,&nbsp;Guo-Xing Tang,&nbsp;Jing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commemorating the centenary of Professor Gu Fangzhou’s birth, this memorial article documents his landmark contributions to eliminating poliomyelitis in China. It details his strategic prioritization of the live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and his team’s breakthroughs in overcoming logistical hurdles through the sugar-coated pill formulation and mass immunization campaigns. Furthermore, the review highlights his development of diagnostic reagents and a national surveillance network, which culminated in China’s polio-free certification in 2000. Ultimately, the paper honors Professor Gu’s legacy as a trailblazing scientist, demonstrating how his low-cost, high-efficiency research model provided a replicable template for global polio eradication and laid the institutional foundation for China’s modern public health system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dedication to a lifelong mission: Gu Fangzhou and the Chinese road to polio elimination","authors":"Jun Wu,&nbsp;Yuan Zhao,&nbsp;Yi-Fan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews Professor Gu Fangzhou’s contributions to polio control and elimination in China. Following the 1955 polio outbreak, he advocated for the live oral polio vaccine (OPV) route tailored to national conditions. To validate vaccine safety, he initiated human trials by testing the vaccine on himself and his infant son. He led the construction of the domestic OPV production base and pioneered the sugar-coated pill formulation to overcome cold chain constraints, ultimately facilitating the nationwide elimination of indigenous wild polioviruses by 1994. Furthermore, he established China’s OPV production and quality control standards and trained numerous public health professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148938934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global epidemiological and indirect economic burden of neurological, mental, and substance use disorders: An analysis based on the global burden of disease data","authors":"Rong-Shan Tao,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Sun,&nbsp;Rui-Yu Long","doi":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmsj.2026.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the global disease burden and indirect economic costs of neurological, mental, and substance use disorders (NMSDs) from 1990 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for NMSDs using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2023 database. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate average annual percentage change. Spearman correlation was applied to examine the association between age-standardized rates and socio-demographic index (SDI). The indirect economic burden was estimated using the human capital approach, incorporating age-adjusted productivity weights and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990 to 2023, the absolute numbers of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs for NMSDs increased substantially, with DALYs for neurological and mental disorders approximately doubling. Age-standardized rates demonstrated divergent trends across disease categories. For mental disorders, the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates increased by 15.00%, 24.00%, and 29.00%, respectively, with the overall burden rising markedly in 2019. In contrast, while the overall burden of substance use disorders declined, a notable exception emerged in high-income North America, where rising rates were observed specifically for opioid and cocaine use disorders. The burden of neurological and mental disorders was higher in females than in males, whereas substance use disorders showed the opposite pattern. The age-standardized DALY rate for motor neuron disease exhibited a significant positive correlation with SDI (<span><math><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span> = 0.82, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The indirect economic burden and its share of GDP increased in most countries, while the share for substance use disorders in China declined by 46.19%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The disease burden and economic costs of NMSDs increased globally from 1990 to 2023, with significant geographic, national, and demographic disparities. These findings highlight an urgent need for targeted resource allocation and integrated interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148938935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Neuraxial Ultrasonography with a Virtual Reality Simulator of Spine: A Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"Qing Yuan,&nbsp;Xu-Lei Cui,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Gang Tan,&nbsp;Jie Yi,&nbsp;Yu-Guang Huang","doi":"10.24920/004567","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate whether adjunctive virtual reality (VR) spine simulation in neuraxial ultrasound training improves performance competency among anesthesia residents compared with traditional didactic teaching alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-center, randomized controlled trial, anesthesia residents from the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited and randomized (1:1, computer-generated) to receive either a traditional 30-minute didactic lecture of spine ultrasonography (control group) or an identical teaching session followed by 30-minute VR spine simulation (VR group). After the training, participants were required to perform a preprocedural spine ultrasound scan. The primary outcome was a composite learning score evaluating the theoretical knowledge, practical skills, self-assessed satisfaction, and willingness to apply the technique in future practice. The secondary outcomes included scanning time, score of anatomic structure recognition, and accuracy of depth measurement to the posterior complex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 46 participants (23 per group) were enrolled. Compared to the control group, the VR group achieved significantly higher composite learning scores (0.80±0.05 <em>vs</em> 0.74±0.09, <em>P</em> = 0.01). The score of anatomic structure recognition (0.85±0.15 <em>vs</em> 0.72±0.20, <em>P</em> = 0.01) and the accuracy of depth measurement to the posterior complex (73.9% <em>vs</em> 43.5%, <em>P</em> = 0.03) were also significantly superior in the VR group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among anesthesia residents, adjunctive VR simulator training improves the technical and cognitive performance in neuraxial ultrasound compared with traditional didactic teaching alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wartime Healers: The Collective Awakening and National Mission of PUMC Medical Community during the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression","authors":"Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Hai-Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yun-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Guo-Xing Tang ,&nbsp;Zong-Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Liu","doi":"10.24920/004579","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on eleven representative medical figures—including John Heng Liu and Robert K. S. Lim—to provide a historical account of their wartime service during the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. It reveals that the faculty and students of the Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) made distinguished contributions in three critical areas: battlefield medical relief, westward evacuation of the medical colleges and nursing school, and epidemic prevention research. Liu laid the groundwork for China's wartime medical system, while Lim organized and commanded the Medical Relief Corps of the Red Cross Society of China. Qizhen Shen established the Medical Division of the New Fourth Army, and James K. Shen oversaw the westward evacuation of the Central Hospital before serving on the Burma front. Shoukai Zhou drafted key health regulations. Together, these figures formed a wartime medical relief network spanning both the frontal battlefields and the resistance bases in enemy-occupied territories. In medical education, Xiaoqian Zhang led the westward evacuation of Hsiang-Ya Medical College, Zongen Li founded the National Guiyang Medical College, and Yuchan Nieh directed the evacuation of the PUMC School of Nursing—efforts that preserved the torch of medical education amid the flames of war. In scientific research, Feifan Tang overcame Western technological blockades to develop vaccines and penicillin; Wengui Chen exposed Japanese germ-warfare atrocities in his <em>Changde Plague Report</em>; and Dushan Rong supported battlefield medicine through radiological services. Through their scientific expertise and patriotic commitment, these medical figures embodied the collective awakening of PUMC faculty at a moment of existential national crisis. Their service provided indispensable medical support that contributed significantly to China's ultimate victory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good Data Governance Practice and a Grading Initiative for Life Sciences Data","authors":"Han Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Sheng-Fa Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue-Qiong Cao ,&nbsp;Zheng-Lin Du ,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Jia ,&nbsp;Guo-Hui Ding","doi":"10.24920/004549","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Life sciences have entered the era of big data, uncovering the complexity of human biological systems and advancing precision medicine and scientific wellness. In alignment with the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles, integrating population-level biological data resources from the academic and industrial sectors can substantially increase the efficiency of data utilization and foster innovative breakthroughs. Here, we introduce a novel framework for Good Data Governance Practice (GDGP) coupled with a grading initiative for the life sciences, focusing on traceability and openness. The GDGP framework systematically defines governance constraints, influencing factors, and functional capabilities to streamline data governance and management efficiency. This achievement lays the groundwork for compliant cross-institutional and cross-border data sharing and collaborative processing, poised to pave the way for standardized, ethical, and scalable data-driven research in precision medicine and beyond</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following Posterior Spinal Fusion in Adolescent Scoliosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Jing Zhan ,&nbsp;Ai Hu ,&nbsp;Huai-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yue-Lun Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei-Yun Chen","doi":"10.24920/004580","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Scoliosis is a prevalent spinal deformity that severely impacts the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents and often requires surgical correction. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following posterior spinal fusion in adolescent scoliosis, with a specific focus on evaluating the predictive value of preoperative forced vital capacity (FVC) and etiological classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study enrolled adolescents who underwent posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis correction at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The baseline demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables were collected. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PPCs prior to hospital discharge. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,234 patients were included, of whom 29 (2.35%) developed PPCs and 1,205 did not. Univariate analysis revealed that 12 variables, including non-idiopathic scoliosis, a larger main thoracic curve, a decreased FVC% predicted, and increased perioperative blood transfusions, were significantly associated with PPCs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that non-idiopathic scoliosis emerged as the sole independent risk factor for PPCs [adjusted odds ratio (<em>OR</em>) = 5.478, 95% confidence interval: 2.017–19.148, <em>P</em> = 0.002]. Preoperative FVC% predicted (adjusted <em>OR</em> = 0.993, <em>P</em> = 0.497) and main thoracic curve (adjusted <em>OR</em> = 1.002, <em>P</em> = 0.736) did not demonstrate independent predictive value.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Non-idiopathic scoliosis, rather than preoperative pulmonary function or curve severity, is an independent risk factor for PPCs following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents. During perioperative respiratory risk assessment, particular emphasis should be placed on the etiological classification of these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}