Chinese Medical Sciences Journal最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Hypertension and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Jia-Qi Bai, Yi-Ning Liu, Rui-Zhe Li, Zong-Bin Li","doi":"10.24920/004480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>: Hypertension (HT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are highly prevalent cardiovascular conditions that frequently coexist. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cause of mortality. The co-occurrence of HT, AF, and CAD presents significant management challenges. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with CAD in patients with HT and persistent atrial fibrillation (HT-AF). <b>METHODS</b>: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data were collected from 384 hospitalized HT-AF patients at the People's Liberation Army General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. CAD diagnosis was confirmed by coronary angiography or computed tomography angiography (CTA). Clinical characteristics and comorbidities were compared between patients with and without CAD. <b>RESULTS</b>: The prevalence of CAD among HT-AF patients was 66.41% (255/384). Cardiovascular complications, particularly heart failure (44.7% <i>vs</i> 25.6%, <i>P</i> < 0.05), were significantly more prevalent in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group. Multivariate logistic regression identified only age as an independent risk factor for CAD (adjusted <i>OR</i>: 1.047; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.022-1.073; <i>P</i> = 0.000). Of all HT-AF patients, 54.7% had a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of ≥4, indicating high stroke risk. There was a slightly higher anticoagulant usage rate in the CAD group than those without CAD (8.6% <i>vs</i> 4.7%, <i>P</i> = 0.157), and the overall anticoagulant usage remained low. <b>CONCLUSION</b>: There is a high prevalence of CAD among hospitalized HT-AF patients, among whom age is the sole independent risk factor for CAD. Despite a high stroke risk, the utilization of oral anticoagulants is alarmingly low.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Ready Competency Framework for Biomedical Scientific Data Literacy.","authors":"Zhe Wang, Zhi-Gang Wang, Wen-Ya Zhao, Wei Zhou, Sheng-Fa Zhang, Xiao-Lin Yang","doi":"10.24920/004522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rise of data-intensive research, data literacy has become a critical capability for improving scientific data quality and achieving artificial intelligence (AI) readiness. In the biomedical domain, data are characterized by high complexity and privacy sensitivity, calling for robust and systematic data management skills. This paper reviews current trends in scientific data governance and the evolving policy landscape, highlighting persistent challenges such as inconsistent standards, semantic misalignment, and limited awareness of compliance. These issues are largely rooted in the lack of structured training and practical support for researchers. In response, this study builds on existing data literacy frameworks and integrates the specific demands of biomedical research to propose a comprehensive, lifecycle-oriented data literacy competency model with an emphasis on ethics and regulatory awareness. Furthermore, it outlines a tiered training strategy tailored to different research stages-undergraduate, graduate, and professional, offering theoretical foundations and practical pathways for universities and research institutions to advance data literacy education.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Assessment Scales in Palliative Care for Glioma: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Xiao, Tian-Rui Yang, Ya-Ning Cao, Wen-Lin Chen, Jun-Lin Li, Ting-Yu Liang, Ya-Ning Wang, Yue-Kun Wang, Xiao-Peng Guo, Yi Zhang, Yu Wang, Xiao-Hong Ning, Wen-Bin Ma","doi":"10.24920/004416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>: Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs. However, the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous. To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma, we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care. <b>BACKGROUND AND METHODS</b>: We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care. We extracted data on scale characteristics, domains, frequency, and psychometric properties. Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. <b>RESULTS</b>: Of the 3,405 records initially identified, 72 studies were included. These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times. Mood (21.7%), quality of life (24.4%), and supportive care needs (5.2%) assessments were the most frequently assessed items, exceeding half of all scale applications. Among the various assessment dimensions, the Distress Thermometer (DT) was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood, while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was the most common tool for cognitive assessment. Performance status (5.2%) and social support (6.8%) were underrepresented. Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified. Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented. <b>CONCLUSIONS</b>: There are significant heterogeneity, domain imbalances, and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care. The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Complications and 30-day Rreadmission in Patients Older than 80 Years with Chronic Kidney Disease after Hip Fracture.","authors":"Hua-Wen Zhang, Lu-Lu Ma, Xue-Rong Yu","doi":"10.24920/004446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>PURPOSE</b>: This study aimed to explore the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the prognosis of patients older than 80 years after hip fracture. <b>METHODS</b>: This retrospective, observational, single-center study included patients older than 80 years who underwent hip fracture operations between Feburary 2013 to June 2021 at our hospital. Patients were divided into two groups based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): the CKD group [eGFR < 60 mL/(min·1.73m²)] and the non-CKD group. Outcomes were the incidence of in-hospital postoperative infectious and non-infectious complications, 30-day readmission, and in-hospital death. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (<i>OR</i>) of CKD on these outcomes. <b>RESULTS</b>: A total of 498 patients were included, 165 in the CKD group and 333 in the non-CKD group. Eighty-seven CKD patients experienced 140 episodes of postoperative complications. In comparison, 114 non-CKD patients had 158 episodes of postoperative complications. CKD patients were more likely to have postoperative complications than non-CKD patients (<i>OR</i> = 2.143, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.465-3.134, <i>P</i> < 0.001). CKD increased the risk of cardiovascular complications (<i>OR =</i> 2.044, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.245-3.356, <i>P</i> = 0.004), acute kidney injury (<i>OR</i> = 3.401, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.905-6.072, <i>P</i> < 0.001), delirium (<i>OR</i> = 2.276, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.140-4.543, <i>P</i> = 0.024), and gastrointestinal bleeding (<i>OR</i> = 4.151, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.025-16.812, <i>P</i> = 0.031). The transfusion rate (<i>OR</i> = 2.457, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.668-3.618, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and incidence of 30-day readmission (<i>OR</i> = 2.426, 95% <i>CI</i>:1.203-4.892, <i>P</i> = 0.011) in CKD patients were higher than those in patients without CKD. <b>CONCLUSION</b>: CKD is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in geriatric hip fracture patients. Special attention should be paid to patients with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Introversion Personality and Social Media Usage-Related Social Anxiety among Chinese College Students: Chain Mediating Effects of Interaction Anxiousness and Mobile Phone Addiction.","authors":"Su-Yan Wang, Wen-Hui Li, Hong-Liang Dai","doi":"10.24920/004397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>: Social anxiety arising from intensive social media usage (SMU) among adolescents and youth has gained extensive attention in recent years due to its negative influence on mental health and academic performance. In spite of that, there is a dearth regarding the etiology of SMU-related social anxiety.This study aims to further clarify the influence of introversion personality on SMU-related social anxiety and the mechanism underlying such an association and provide a new perspective for developing effective intervention strategies for the highly prevailing SMU-related anxiety among Chinese college students. <b>METHODS</b>: A cohort of 979 college students (266 males and 713 females) aged 20.90 ± 1.91 years was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Four measures including the \"extroversion\" domain of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised, Short Scale (EPQ-R-S E), Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), and Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU) were used to evaluate the influence of introversion personality on SMU-related social anxiety that was potentially mediated sequentially by interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction. Hayes PROCESS was used for correlation and mediation analysis. <b>RESULTS</b>: Interaction anxiousness (indirect effect = -1.331, 95% <i>CI</i> = -1.559 - -1.122) partially mediated the association between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety. Besides, a sequential mediation of interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction in the link between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety was revealed (indirect effect = -0.308, 95% <i>CI</i> = -0.404 - -0.220). No significant mediating effect was found with mobile phone addiction in the association between introversion personality and SMU-related social anxiety. <b>CONCLUSION</b>: Targeting interaction anxiousness and mobile phone addiction may represent an efficient strategy alleviating SMU-related social anxiety among Chinese college students with introversion personality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Applications in Fangcang Shelter Hospitals: Opportunities and Challenges.","authors":"Ming Li, Xiao-Hu Li, Kai-Yuan Min, Jun-Tao Yang","doi":"10.24920/004510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fangcang shelter hospitals are modular, rapidly deployable facilities that play a vital role in pandemic response by providing centralized isolation and basic medical care for large patient populations. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform Fangcang shelter hospitals into intelligent, responsive systems that are capable of significantly improving emergency preparedness, operational efficiency, and patient outcomes. Key application areas include site selection and design optimization, clinical decision support, AI-assisted clinical documentation and patient engagement, intelligent robotics, and operational management. However, realizing AI's full potential requires overcoming several challenges, including limited data accessibility, privacy and governance concerns, inadequate algorithmic adaptability in dynamic emergency settings, insufficient transparency and accountability in AI-driven decisions, fragmented system architectures due to proprietary formats, high costs disproportionate to the temporary nature of Fangcang shelter hospitals, and hardware reliability in austere environments. Addressing these challenges demands standardized data-sharing frameworks, development of explainable and robust AI algorithms, clear ethical and legal oversight, interoperable modular system designs, and active collaboration among multidisciplinary stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthesia Management for Emergency Cesarean Section in a Severely Obese Parturient with Refractory Hypertension: A Case Report.","authors":"Qian-Mei Zhu, Qian Shu, Zi-Jia Liu","doi":"10.24920/004412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24920/004412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emergency cesarean section has always been a challenge for patients, surgeons, and anesthesiologists, as it endangers the safety of both parturients and fetuses. Obesity and hypertension are common among pregnant women, but severe obesity combined with refractory hypertension is very rare in clinical practice. The optimal anesthetic management strategy for obese pregnant women with a difficult airway and poorly controlled hypertension remains a subject of ongoing debate. This report presents a 32-year-old woman with severe obesity and refractory hypertension at 36 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy. Owing to fetal heart rate abnormalities, she was scheduled for emergency cesarean section. Given the urgency of the fetal condition and the challenges posed by the patient's obesity for epidural puncture, the anesthesiologist opted for rapid sequence induction and tracheal intubation instead of intervertebral anesthesia. Short-acting antihypertensive medications were adminstrated preoperatively to control elevated blood pressure, and vasopressor agents were continuously infused during surgery to prevent severe hypotension induced by anesthetic drugs. The entire anesthesia and surgical procedure proceeded uneventfully, with no major adverse events observed. Both the patient and fetus achieved favorable outcomes. This case indicates that early anesthetic risk assessment and meticulous pre-delivery planning are paramount, necessitating personalized management of airway and hemodynamics to optimize outcomes in obese parturients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Initial Validation of the Multi-Dimensional Attention Rating Scale in Highly Educated Adults","authors":"Xin-Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Karen Spruyt ,&nbsp;Jia-Yue Si ,&nbsp;Lin-Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wu ,&nbsp;Yan-Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Di-Ga Gan ,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Si-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Teng Gao ,&nbsp;Yi Zhong ,&nbsp;Yao Ge ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Zi-Yan Lin ,&nbsp;Yan-Ping Bao ,&nbsp;Xue-Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Lu","doi":"10.24920/004481","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition. As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (<em>r</em> = 0.60, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and ACS (<em>r</em> = 0.78, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (<em>r</em> = −0.31, <em>P</em> = 0.049).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Identification and Regulation for China's Anti-Commercial Bribery in Medical Device Procurement and Sales Industry","authors":"Jie Fu,&nbsp;Jing-Yi Xu,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.24920/004450","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In China, the regulatory framework for medical device procurement and sales, particularly concerning anti-commercial bribery, relies heavily on punitive mechanisms applied after violations occur. Consequently, there is an urgent need to establish a scientific risk regulation framework as a complementary approach. Effective risk-oriented regulatory models require precise identification of risk areas in commercial bribery. Focusing on several major procurement scenarios such as centralized bulk-buying, tendering and bidding processes, in-hospital procurement, and online purchasing, this article analyzes the structural factors contributing to these risks, represented by the absence of certification mechanisms, lack of transparency in information disclosure, and inadequate checks and balances. Based on official risk assessment results, this study applies the theory of power and responsibility to propose a preventive regulatory framework that combines industry self-discipline and administrative oversight. By combining these approaches, the framework aims to develop regulatory measures that can effectively reduce commercial bribery risks and prevent illegal and non-compliant conduct.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Expert Consensus on the Definitions of Palliative Care and Hospice Care (2025)","authors":"Chinese Expert Consensus Working Group on the Definition of Palliative Care","doi":"10.24920/004496","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004496","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background and Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The development of modern palliative care in China began in the 1980s and is currently in an accelerating phase. However, inconsistencies in terminology and concepts have hindered policymaking, clinical practice, and academic research. The Terminology of Clinical Medicine (2023 edition) has determined &lt;em&gt;huan-he-yi-liao&lt;/em&gt; (缓和医疗) and &lt;em&gt;an-ning-liao-hu&lt;/em&gt; (安宁疗护) as the formal terms of “palliative care” and “hospice care”, respectively. To align with these terms, this study aims to establish expert consensus definitions tailored to the Chinese context.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We systematically retrieved and collected domestic and international literature and policy documents related to the definition of palliative care, then deconstructed and analyzed the relevant conceptual elements of these definitions. Core expert panel built the initial recommended definition upon the conceptual elements and consensus definition of palliative care by the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC) through two rounds of online discussions. After nomination and selection, 61 professionals in the field of palliative care in China were invited to participate in the consensus expert group. Two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted among the consensus experts, who were asked to score their agreement using Likert scale to the items in the initial recommended definition and the definition statements of palliative care and hospice care. Agreement rate of over 80% was considered as reaching consensus for each items. The core expert panel revised the items and the statements of recommended definitions based on the results from Delphi surveys. The final recommended definitions were formulated after feedback from patient and public involvement (PPI) group members.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The response rates for the first and second round of Delphi surveys were 83.6% and 100.0%, respectively. The agreement rates of the items and statements of the recommended definitions exceeded 90%. Accordingly, the definitions based on Chinese expert consensus are recommended. Palliative care is an active holistic approach aimed at patients of all ages suffering from life-threatening illness and their families and caregivers. It seeks to improve their quality of life by preventing, assessing, and relieving physical, psychological, social, and spiritual suffering. Hospice care is an integral part of palliative care, focusing on holistic care for patients at the end of life and their families and caregivers. Its goal is to help patients to maintain dignity and achieve a good death by alleviating physical, psychological, social, and spiritual distress without intentionally hastening or postponing death, meanwhile improve the quality of life for families and caregivers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study has established the Chinese expert consensus definitions of palliative ","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}