Indian Journal of Social Work最新文献

{"title":"The Portrayal of Female Characters in Attilio Tagalile’s Endless Toil","authors":"Edson Wikedzi","doi":"10.63362/ruj10i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.63362/ruj10i1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how Tagalile’s Endless Toil portrays female characters in his novel following the varied people’s attitudes and perspectives with regard to women and hence, their portrayal in literary works. The aim of the paper is to analyze the portrait with which female characters are identified in the novel. The inquiry is probed through a textual analysis of the novel. The data was collected through close reading of the primary text and analyzed in the light of African Feminist perspective. The findings from textual analysis show that some female characters are positively portrayed while others are negatively portrayed. Positive portrayals include challenging oppressive African traditional practices such as arranged marriages and harassing widows. Others are being hardworking, wise, tolerant, respected, generous and being a role model in good moral values. The negative portraits include women as prostitutes, slanderers, gossipers and victims of oppressive cultural practices. This negative image is influenced by societal gender stereotyping.","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"10 1","pages":"44-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact on Secondary School Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Study of Educational Outcomes and Learning Behaviours","authors":"Wafa Muhammad, Farooq Nawaz Khan, Akhtar Hussain, Farkhanda Nazli","doi":"10.63544/ijss.v4i2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i2.122","url":null,"abstract":"Students in advanced technology societies are transforming their learning experiences through AI education which now enhances how teachers teach. Our investigation examines how AI affects school performance and studies methods of learning for secondary students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan's schools. A research design based on numbers gathered data from 300 students in three districts Peshawar, Swat, and Charsadda from both public and private secondary schools through a stratified random sample. Our survey tested student behaviour with AI tools while measuring their learning results and studying habits. We analysed statistical information both for basic view and for hidden conclusions using SPSS. The data association between students' AI tool application and their learning performance produced a medium positive outcome (r = 0.42). Additionally, the results linked AI utilization to enhanced motivation (r = 0.37) and better participation (r = 0.39). Students who used AI tools often in education gained better test results and developed better learning practices. Students living in Peshawar's urban facilities learned more from AI than students studying at Charsadda's rural school system. Students at private schools used AI technology more often and achieved better grades than students at public schools. AI utilization proves to be a major indicator affecting academic results according to our multiple regression results. These results hold true despite considering student gender, school type, and place of residence. The research shows that AI boosts educational results and supports good student behaviour but needs suitable setups and prepared institutions to produce ideal outcomes for all learners. Our research indicates that AI has strong potential for education improvement in KP if we properly design its use and provide quality training to students and teachers. References Alenezi, A. (2023). Teacher perspectives on AI-driven gamification: Impact on student motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes. Information Technologies and Learning Tools, 97(5), 138. Alrawashdeh, G. S. (2023). Personalized and adaptive learning technology for early grade reading: Evidence from MENA [Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]. Alyas, T., Almansour, B. Y., Tabassum, N., Almansour, A. Y., & Azhar, A. (2024, December). Enhancing governance in Pakistan through e-government: The role of evidence-based monitoring systems. In 2024 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA) (pp. 1–10). IEEE. Amin, I., & Shah, M. A. (2025). The role of digital and distance learning in higher education: Insight from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. GUMAN, 8(1), 305–318. Benson, K. (2025). Pattern drafting pedagogy research [Doctoral dissertation, Trident University International]. Bhutoria, A. (2022). Personalized education and artificial intelligence in the United States, China, and India: A systematic review using a human-in-t","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"4 2","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://invergejournals.com/index.php/ijss/article/download/122/252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"کیفیت زندگی محصلان دوره لیسانس پوهنځی روان¬شناسی و علوم¬تربیتی پوهنتون کابل: مطالعه مقطعی","authors":"بیژن ایوبی, مریم مسیر صافی","doi":"10.62810/jss.v6i1.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62810/jss.v6i1.86","url":null,"abstract":"این تحقیق مقطعی با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی با هدف بررسی کیفیت زندگی محصلان دختر پوهنځی روان­شناسی و علوم­ تربیتی پوهنتون کابل انجام شده است. نمونه‌ی تحقیق را 244 محصل که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده اتتخاب شده اند، تشکیل می­دهد. به‌منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه مختصرکیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت (1996) استفاده شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم افزار SPSS-21 آزمون های تحلیل وریانس یک راهه و (t) یک نمونه استفاده گردیده است. بر اساس یافته­ ها کیفیت زندگی کلی و بعد­های سلامت روانی و روابط اجتماعی آن، تعداد زیادی (50.81% و 41.8% به ترتیب) از اشتراک کنندگان در حد پایین قرار دارند. در این تحقیق بین کیفیت زندگی سن و حالت مدنی و سال تحصیلی تفاوت معنا­داری دیده نشده است. برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی محصلان نیاز است تا سیستم ­های حمایتی آن­ها توسط ارایه خدمات مشاوره صحت روانی، تشکیل گروه ­های همتایان و فراهم ساختن امکانات بهتر تقویت شود.","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"6 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jss.edu.af/jss/article/download/86/119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی رابطه بین سکوت سازمانی و فرسودگی شغلی و پیامدهای آنها","authors":"وجیهه جاحظ, انجیلا عادل","doi":"10.62810/jss.v6i1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62810/jss.v6i1.109","url":null,"abstract":"نیروی انسانی به مثابه با ارزش‌ترین سرمایه‌‌ی سازمانی پنداشته می‌شوند. با توجه به ساختارهای سازمانی جدید، منابع انسانی شان تحت تأثیر تهدیدهای مختلفی قرار گرفته‌اند که ازآن جمله می‌توان به پدیده \"فرسودگی شغلی\" و \"سکوت سازمانی\" اشاره نمود. وقتی نیروی انسانی به عنوان مهم‌ترین سرمایه‌ی سازمانی احساس فرسودگی شغلی نموده و سکوت نماید، رهبری سازمان خطر بزرگی را باید پیش روی خود احساس کند. هدف این تحقیق شناسای رابطه بین فرسودگی شغلی و سکوت سازمانی و پیامدهای آن‌ها می‌باشد. این تحقیق با استفاده از مقالات علمی منتشر شده در ژورنال‌های علمی و کتب معتبر نگارش یافته است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که بین سکوت سازمانی و فرسودگی شغلی رابطه وجود دارد. در واقع فرسودگی شغلی موجب سکوت سازمانی و از آن طریق باعث کاهش انگیزه، غیابت، ترک وظیفه و در نتیجه موجب کاهش عملکرد مؤثر کارکنان و سازمان می‌شود.","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"6 3","pages":"167-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jss.edu.af/jss/article/download/109/143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Teachers’ Training on Students’ Learning at Elementary Level","authors":"Asia Khatoon, Ann Samson, Sobia Ashfaq","doi":"10.59075/ijss.v3i1.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/ijss.v3i1.826","url":null,"abstract":"A student’s achievement is a direct result of high-quality teacher preparation. This study was carried out to explore the essential components of teachers’ training programs and how they influence student learning. The research focuses on how teachers’ training influences the academic progress of students at elementary level. The objective of this study was to examine how various elements of teacher training, such as teaching approaches, methods, strategies, content expertise, and classroom management, influence the academic performance and engagement of elementary level students. A student’s performance is an outcome of effective teacher training. This study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between teachers' training and student academic performance. The data has been collected from teachers of shaheed Benazir Abad and Daur.","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"3 1","pages":"774-779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://induspublishers.com/IJSS/article/download/826/772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrapuntal Echoes in Night Sky with Exit Wounds: A Critical Reading of Ocean Vuong’s Poetry through Edward Said’s Lens","authors":"Awais Yousaf, Amna Yousaf, Sundas Khan","doi":"10.59075/ijss.v3i1.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/ijss.v3i1.781","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean Vuong’s Night Sky with Exit Wounds (2016) is a poignant collection that bridges personal experience with broader historical and cultural contexts, particularly those of war, migration, and queerness. This paper employs Edward Said’s concept of contrapuntal reading to critically analyze Vuong's poetry, exploring how Vuong’s personal narratives of exile, trauma, and identity intersect with global histories of war, imperialism, and cultural displacement. Contrapuntal reading encourages readers to acknowledge the intertwined nature of personal and political histories, amplifying marginalized voices in the process. This paper argues that Vuong’s poetry presents a counter-history to the dominant narratives of the Vietnam War and immigration, offering a nuanced perspective that complicates traditional views of national identity, memory, and belonging. The analysis will focus on how Vuong’s poetic language resists hegemonic structures of power, particularly through his exploration of language, queerness, and the legacy of war.","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"3 1","pages":"693-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://induspublishers.com/IJSS/article/download/781/733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electoral Violence and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria","authors":"Sanusi Muhammad Lawal","doi":"10.58709/niujss.v10i4.2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58709/niujss.v10i4.2029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines electoral violence and its implications for the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Having returned to democratic governance in 1999, Nigeria’s elections have been marred by violence, thereby underscoring the tenets of free and fair elections and democratic consolidation. This paper identifies the causes, dynamic manifestations, and implications of electoral violence adopting the political economy as its theoretical framework for analysis. The paper concludes that, electoral violence constitutes a serious threat to the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria; as it undermines the electoral process, weakens public confidence in democratic institutions, and perpetuates a cycle of instability and mistrust. It also concludes that; the consolidation of democracy requires a multi-faceted approach in order to strengthen the autonomy and capacity of the Independent Electoral Commission (INEC) to ensure free and fair elections. Ultimately, the process to achieve democratic consolidation in Nigeria is a collective responsibility; where the political leaders, civil society, security agencies, and the entire populace must come together to reject violence and embrace the principles of democracy. It is only by ensuring that elections are deemed free, fair and peaceful that Nigeria can fully achieve the much-needed potential of democratic consolidation for its socio-economic development and national integration. Keywords: Election, Democracy, Electoral Violence, Democratic Consolidation, Political Economy","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://niujournals.ac.ug/ojs/index.php/niujoss/article/download/2029/2818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing the Barriers to ASRH in Contemporary Ghana","authors":"Bridget Acquah, Ernest Darkwa, Constance Osafo-Adjei","doi":"10.63544/ijss.v2i3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i3.55","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health (ASRH) is crucial for the physical, emotional, and social well-being of adolescents. The paper aims to identify the barriers to ASRH in Ghana and suggest potential measures to address these challenges. The paper argues that socio-cultural and gender norms that stifle the rights and voices of adolescents, particularly adolescent girls regarding their sexuality, are a significant factor exacerbating other barriers to ASRH in Ghana. These norms perceive adolescents as inexperienced and lacking agency in their sexuality, consequently disregarding their voices. In addition to these norms, other barriers to ASRH in Ghana include inadequate ASRH education within and outside of schools, limited access to ASRH services and products, absence of adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and the high cost of sexual reproductive health services and contraceptives. These barriers put adolescents at a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, as well as other problems like unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions in Ghana. To address these challenges, the paper suggests several potential measures such as increasing access to affordable SRH services and products, improving ASRH education within schools, creating adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and promoting gender equality by empowering adolescent girls. References Ahinkorah, B. O., Kang, M., Perry, L., & Brooks, F. (2023). Knowledge and awareness of policies and programmes to reduce adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: a qualitative study among key stakeholders. Reproductive Health, 20(1), 143. Aliyu, T. K., & Aransiola, J. O. (2023). Factors associated with parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in urban slums of Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Community Health Equity Research & Policy, 44(1), 3-14. Akwara, E., Pinchoff, J., Abularrage, T., White, C., & Ngo, T. D. (2023). The Urban Environment and Disparities in Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in the Global South: a Scoping Review. Journal of Urban Health, 1-37. Aninanya, G.A., Debpuur., C.Y., Awine, T., Williams J.E., Hodgson A, and Howard, N. (2015). “Effects of an adolescent-sexual and reproductive-health intervention on health-service: usage by young-people in Northern-Ghana: A community-randomized-trial”. PLoS ONE 10(4). Awusabo Asare, K., Biddleman, A., Kumi-Kyeremeh, A., & Patterson, K. (2006). Adolescent sexual & reproductive health in Ghana. Results from 2004-National-Survey of adolescents. Occasional-Report No. 22 New York, Guttmacher-Institute. Baku,E.A., Adanu, M.K. Richard& Adatara, P. (2017). Socio-cultural factors affecting parent-child communication on sexuality in Accra-Metropolis, Ghana. International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery 1, 2. Bankole, A., Ahmed, F.H., Neema, S., Quedraogo, C., & Konyan, S. (2007). “Knowledge of correct-condom-use & consistenc","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"2 3","pages":"124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://invergejournals.com/index.php/ijss/article/download/55/133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Instructional Facilities on Students’ Academic Achievement in Business Studies in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Abosede Mariam Hassan, David Ayeni, Mohammed Professor M.O.B","doi":"10.63544/ijss.v2i3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i3.49","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to ascertain how instructional facilities in Oyo State affected students' academic progress. There aren't many studies on this topic, according to the literature. The study was influenced by the Theory of Self-Efficacy, Shavelson's Hierarchical Self-Concept Model, and Social Identity Theory. One hypothesis and one research question were created. The research design was a descriptive survey. All Business Studies Teachers (1,269) and Public Upper Basic School students (88,059) were included in the study population. Of these, 109 teachers and 3533 students were sampled using a multi-stage sampling technique. The “Instructional Facilities Questionnaire (α = .816)” and “Business Studies Achievement Test (KR20 = .777)” questionnaires were employed. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. Results revealed that instructional facilities such as visual aids (x̅ = 2.042) and typing pool (x̅ = 1.791) are rarely available while audio-visual aids is not available (x̅ = 1.367). Lastly, there is no significant difference in academic achievement of male and female students in Business studies in Oyo state public upper basic schools (t = 1.016; P> 0.05). It can be concluded that audio-visual aids (β = .088; t = 2.509; P<0.05), visual aids (β = .069; t = 2.206; P<0.05) and typing pool (β = .094; t = 2.842; P<0.05) all have significant relative influence on students’ academic achievement in Business studies. It can be argued that students' subpar academic performance at Oyo State's public upper basic schools may be due to a lack of instructional tools such as visual aids, a typing pool, and audio-visual aids, independent of the gender of the students. To improve students' academic performance, it was suggested, among other things, that they should be motivated and given access to instructional tools. References Abubakar, S. (2020). Influence of Parental Motivation on Students’ Academic Performance in Business Studies in Upper Basic schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Sustainable Environmental Research. 19(1), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.35386/ser.v19i1.245. Adegoke,O. S., & Orekelewa, O. C. (2020). Indiscipline Model and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Ibadan: Implication for Educational Foundation in Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 4(8), 450-460. (IJRISS). ISSN 2454-6186 Akpomi, M., Okiridu, O., & Chukwu, C. (2022). Teachers’ Classroom Management Tools and Academic Performance of Business Studies Students in Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis. International Journal of Contemporary Academic Research. 3(2), 74-87. ISSN: 2782-8476. Kayii, N. E., & Okiridu, O. S. F. (2020). Teachers Perception towards the Integration of Soft Skills in Teaching Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Rivers State. Vocational and Technology Education Journal (VOTEJ), 2(1), 39-48. ISSN: 2651-6306. Kwaji, T. (2018). Planning,","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"2 3","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://invergejournals.com/index.php/ijss/article/download/49/121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case study of Change Management Strategy in an Optical Business in Dubai, UAE","authors":"Arooj Niaz, Asma Shaheen","doi":"10.63544/ijss.v2i3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i3.43","url":null,"abstract":"Whenever an organisation tries to transform, people often oppose. Experienced managers are fully aware of this truth, yet surprisingly few take the effort to determine who would reject the change attempt and why prior to an organisational change. On the other hand, managers all too frequently rely on a straightforward set of notions based on prior experiences. This constrained strategy may cause significant issues. Because there are so many possible ways that people and organisations may respond to change, accurate assessments frequently need careful thought. When people don't grasp the implications of a change and think it will cost them significantly more money than it will save them, they become resistant to it. These circumstances frequently arise when there is a lack of confidence between the change-initiating party and the workforce. This study looks into a Dubai, United Arab Emirates-based optical company that lost one store as a result of poor strategy change management. Keywords: Optical Business, Change Management, Business Strategy, Planning, Organizing, Controlling, Motivating. References Asif, M. (2021). Contingent Effect of Conflict Management towards Psychological Capital and Employees’ Engagement in Financial Sector of Islamabad. Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus. Asif, M., Pasha, M. A., Mumtaz, A., & Sabir, B. (2023). Causes of Youth Unemployment in Pakistan. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 41-50. Azad, T. (2022). Difficulties in setting up a startups in Bangladesh: Business Challenges in Bangladesh. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 78-99. Borie, S (n.d). H.A.L.T. – A BASIC RULE OF DECISION MAKING FOR SUCCESS. Retrieved from: http://www.inquiryinternational.com/blog/h-a-l-t-a-basic-rule-of-decision- Chintaradeja, P. (2022). Rhodes’ governance concept in relation to Thai public service. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-12. Dessler, G., Starke, F. A., & Cyr, D. J. (2001). Management: Leading people and organizations in the 21st century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Expert Panel – Forbes (2021). How Managers Can Remain Transparent During Massive Company Reconstruction. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeshumanresourcescouncil/2021/11/10/howmanagers-can-remain-transparent-during-massive-companyreconstruction/?sh=6f2f30061332 Fairholm, G. W. (2009). Organizational power politics: Tactics in organizational leadership. ABC-CLIO. Ferman, R. (2021). Why You Should Invest In Your Staff. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2021/08/23/why-you-shouldinvest-in-your-staff/?sh=3b5c35be3e58 Garud, R & Ven, A. (2000). Strategic Change Processes. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215915745_Strategic_Change_Processes Griffin, W.R. (2002). Management. Retrieved from https://www.biblio.com/9780618113606 Howard, R (1992). \"Business Ethics: Tell the Truth\", Journal of Management Development, 11(4), 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1108/","PeriodicalId":35584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Work","volume":"2 3","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://invergejournals.com/index.php/ijss/article/download/43/117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}