Soudni Lekarstvi最新文献_第5页

Unusual mechanism of injury in a case of suicide by the jump from height. 跳楼自杀案件中不寻常的伤害机制。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2019-01-01

Šidlo Jozef, Kováč Peter, Očko Peter, Mikuláš Ľubomír, Šikuta Ján

{"title":"Unusual mechanism of injury in a case of suicide by the jump from height.","authors":"Šidlo Jozef, Kováč Peter, Očko Peter, Mikuláš Ľubomír, Šikuta Ján","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of fatal cases of falls from height as well as jumps from height in suicidal ideation makes up an integral part of forensic practice. In Slovakia, a method of suicide by jumping from height is after hanging the second most chosen method of ending life. In about one third of the cases, the influence of addictive substances is determined. The basic mechanism of injury is a sudden deceleration of body movement when hitting a solid surface. Several factors influence the nature, localization, severity, and frequency of injuries. In most cases, there occur multiple injuries to the skeleton and internal organs caused by blunt objects. The authors demonstrate the case of an unusual mechanism of injury in a 55-year-old man who committed suicide by jumping from the seventh floor of a block of flats. A stepped fall from height resulted in the through knee amputation of both legs by hitting posterior thigh area and knee joints on the railing of the terrace of the block of flats on the ground floor level. The body was found in the basement. In contact with the railing, the mans trousers and pants were pulled off. The autopsy determined the immediate cause of death as polytrauma. Additional toxicological-chemical examination of blood and urine samples collected at autopsy revealed ethanol at the concentration within the extent of laboratory error, caffeine, and nicotine in toxicologically insignificant concentrations and traces of acetone. Motivation of mans suicide remains unknown.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"64 1","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10547335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic aspects of communication with the patient and bereaved persons in out-of-hospital practice. 在院外实践中与病人和死者家属沟通的法医方面。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2019-01-01

Kaniok Radek, Novomeský František, Veselá Kanioková Petra

{"title":"Forensic aspects of communication with the patient and bereaved persons in out-of-hospital practice.","authors":"Kaniok Radek, Novomeský František, Veselá Kanioková Petra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"It is not easy to characterize a problem patient or bereaved relatives because identifying a patient or his bereaved family as a “problem” is not considered quite ethical. The approached emergency medical service employees and coroner service physicians were asked to complete a specific targeted anonymous survey. 100 % of survey questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire with a request for filling and returning was submitted to forty employees working full-time, twenty of whom were physicians, ten paramedics and ten lower-level healthcare professionals. The questionnaire comprised ten questions aimed at obtaining clear answers to questions about personal experience with problem patients, specifically aggressive patients, and more specifically whether the health care professionals (HCP) has ever felt immediately threatened by a patient in their work, whether they were exposed to verbal or even physical attack in the context of the patients basic diagnosis established during pre-hospital care. Seventy-five percent of respondents answered Yes to Question No. 5: “Have you ever felt threatened by a patient or bereaved relative in your work?” Eighty percent of respondents answered Yes to Question No. 6: “Have you ever been exposed to a verbal attack by a patient or bereaved relative?” Seventy-five percent of them answered Yes to Question No. 7: “Have you ever been exposed to a physical attack by a patient?” The rate of cases in which emergency medical service employees are exposed to verbal or physical attacks is high. The primary experience hypothesis that this happens has been proven as well as the fact that it is a highly topical and therefore unresolved issue that threatens the whole society with its social implications.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":" ","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37114169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medicolegal implication of an autopsy case of methidathion ingestion. 甲硫磷摄入的尸检案例的医学法律意义。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2019-01-01

Tanaka Naoko, Kinoshita Hiroshi, Kumihashi Mitsuru, Jamal Mostofa, Ito Asuka, Tsutsui Kunihiko, Kimura Shoji, Ameno Kiyoshi

引用次数: 0

Alcohol abuse in road traffic: medical-legal aspects. 道路交通中的酒精滥用:医疗-法律问题。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2018-01-01

Petr Štiak, Ľubomír Straka

引用次数: 0

Redistribution of acute traumatic infratentorial subdural hematoma to the spinal subdural space. 急性外伤性幕下硬膜下血肿在脊髓硬膜下间隙的再分布。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2018-01-01

Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone, Alžbeta Ginelliová, Ivana Šantová, Marián Šanta, Daniel Farkaš, Radoslav Morochovič, Lucia Fröhlichová, Vladimír Balik

引用次数: 0

Blood is thicker than water: Physical limitations of bloodstain pattern analysis. 血浓于水:血迹模式分析的物理限制。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2018-01-01

Šrámek Jaromír

{"title":"Blood is thicker than water: Physical limitations of bloodstain pattern analysis.","authors":"Šrámek Jaromír","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific bloodstain pattern analysis was appeared at the end of the 19th century in Kraków. Nowadays, bloodstain pattern analysis is the forensic science involving analysis of blood traces on the crime scene. One topic is an estimation of the point of origin of given blood spatter. The processes behind the formation of the blood spatter are quite complicated, some simplifications are necessary. For example, the true trajectory of the blood drop is rather the ballistic curve than the line, though the line is often used as a sufficient model of the trajectory. Next, the blood is a non-Newtonian complex fluid, it differs from common fluids like water. Moreover, qualities of the surface are also involved in the formation of the final spatter. Some of these properties of blood must be neglected in order to make the modeling of the formation of the spatter possible. The crucial question is how to determine the angle of impact of the blood drop. The widely used method is the ellipse fitting method which is based on the assumption that the blood drop is ball-shaped and the spatter is chiefly the ellipse-shaped imprint of the falling drop. Other methods are using rather in experiments than in practice. Unfortunately, all these simplifications lead to the increasing uncertainty and, therefore, the point of origin is rather estimated than determined. Selection of an appropriate model of the behavior of the blood drop and estimation of uncertainty of obtained results should be based on related knowledge close to the physics of blood. Keywords: bloodstain pattern analysis - biomechanics.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"63 4","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36949834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Deaths of people in the mountainous territory of High Tatras]. [高塔特拉山区的死亡人数]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2018-01-01

Ján Bajaj, Lukáš Hamerlik, Stanislav Niezňanský, Anton Gavel, Henryk Zajac

{"title":"[Deaths of people in the mountainous territory of High Tatras].","authors":"Ján Bajaj, Lukáš Hamerlik, Stanislav Niezňanský, Anton Gavel, Henryk Zajac","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Authors Poprad, since the establishment of the Department of Forensic Medicine in Poprad in 1991 up to now. As mountainous environment is considered an area above the border of Tatranská magistrálna (a tourist footpath which leads across the High Tatras and partially Western Tatras). The file discusses the causes and mechanisms of death and their causal relationships, shows the nationality, age, gender or place of death of deceased people, amounts of deaths in the months of year and also in the days of week. Some results are shown in the graphs, the percentage results are described in a text. Valuable and complete results were reached only in cases with describe statistically a group of people who died in the mountainous environment of the High and Belianske Tatras for the last 25 years and who were dissected on the Department of Forensic Medicine in complete documentation (and also after autopsy, not every case of death was autopsied). At the same time, the authors describe the system of cooperation between the Department of Forensic medicine and Pathological Anatomy of Health care surveillance Poprad with Mountain rescue components and the Police force of Slovak Republic, operating in the territory of the High and Belianske Tatras. These components help us to gain information about the case, which are not usually known during the first inspection of dead body in a mortuary or at the moment of an autopsy (hikers and climbers are often alone in the mountains, so their accidents are without witnesses).","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"63 1","pages":"6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35990002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Applicability of non-invasive imaging methods in forensic medicine and forensic anthropology in particular]. [非侵入性成像方法在法医学和法医人类学中的适用性]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2018-01-01

Mária Marcinková, Ľubomír Straka, František Novomeský, Martin Janík, František Štuller, Jozef Krajčovič

{"title":"[Applicability of non-invasive imaging methods in forensic medicine and forensic anthropology in particular].","authors":"Mária Marcinková, Ľubomír Straka, František Novomeský, Martin Janík, František Štuller, Jozef Krajčovič","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Massive progress in developing even more precise imaging modalities influenced all medical branches including the forensic medicine. In forensic anthropology, an inevitable part of forensic medicine itself, the use of all imaging modalities becomes even more important. Despite of acquiring more accurate informations about the deceased, all of them can be used in the process of identification and/or age estimation. X - ray imaging is most commonly used in detecting foreign bodies or various pathological changes of the deceased. Computed tomography, on the other hand, can be very helpful in the process of identification, whereas outcomes of this examination can be used for virtual reconstruction of living objects. Magnetic resonance imaging offers new opportunities in detecting cardiovascular pathological processes or develompental anomalies. Ultrasonography provides promising results in age estimation of living subjects without excessive doses of radiation. Processing the latest information sources available, authors introduce the application examples of X - ray imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in everyday forensic medicine routine, with particular focusing on forensic anthropology.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"63 1","pages":"2-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35990005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Methodology of injury compensation and Government Regulation of injury compensation in reflection in the Constitutional Court decision]. [从宪法法院判决书中反映的伤害赔偿方法和政府对伤害赔偿的规制]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2017-01-01

Roman Žďárek

引用次数: 0

[Injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (autopsy study)]. [院外心脏骤停后非幸存者心肺复苏相关损伤(尸检研究)]。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2017-01-01

Lucia Ihnát Rudinská, Petr Hejna, Margita Smatanová, Peter Ihnát, Igor Dvořáček

{"title":"[Injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (autopsy study)].","authors":"Lucia Ihnát Rudinská, Petr Hejna, Margita Smatanová, Peter Ihnát, Igor Dvořáček","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to investigate incidence and seriousness of CPR-associated injuries on a cohort of CPR non-survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Moravian-Silesian region. In total, 80 persons were included in the study within the study period (2012 - 2015). CPR-associated injuries were identified in 75 (93.7 %) persons, multiple injuries were found in 73 persons. Spectrum of identified injuries covered skin injuries of the upper half of the body, head and neck injuries, rare abdominal injuries and very frequent thorax injuries. Sternal fractures were found in 53 (63.3 %) persons. Rib fractures were identified in 59 (73.0 %) persons; rib fractures were usually multiple (mean number of broken ribs was 7.6 per person). Intra-thoracic injuries were diagnosed in 33 (41.2 %) persons - findings of lung contusions and lacerations, transmural heart contusions, hemothorax and hemopericard. The vast majority of identified intra-thoracic injuries were considered clinically relevant (provided the fact that return of spontaneous circulation had been achieved). Intraabdominal injuries (liver and spleen injuries) were identified in 15 (18.7 %) of persons. Vast majority of these injuries was clinically irrelevant. We have found clinically serious injuries (spleen rupture and liver dilacerations) in 3 (3.7 %) persons. Outcomes of our study suggest that CPR-associated injuries are very common, usually multiple, and in some cases they might be even potentially lethal (if return of spontaneous circulation is achieved).Key words: cardiopulmonary resuscitation - cardiac arrest - injuries - autopsy study - sternal and rib fractures.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"62 2","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35073929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0