Soudni Lekarstvi最新文献_第4页

Autoerotic deaths: report of two unusual cases. 自淫死亡:两个不寻常案例的报告。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Kumičíková Ivana, Putško Mária, Straka Ubomír, Janík Martin, Štuller František, Novomeský František, Krajčovič Jozef

引用次数: 0

Deaths in traffic accidents associated with THC abuse. 与四氢大麻酚滥用有关的交通事故死亡。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Másilková Monika, Kolčava Radek, Bosák Miroslav, Otásková Tamáš Jitka

{"title":"Deaths in traffic accidents associated with THC abuse.","authors":"Másilková Monika, Kolčava Radek, Bosák Miroslav, Otásková Tamáš Jitka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"From the National Registry of autopsies and toxicology examinations, we selected the deceased for 2015, 2016, 2017 and January 2018 active road accident participants, i.e. pedestrians, cyclists and motor vehicle drivers. From these, we further selected those who were tested for THC presence. Of the 836 deceased active road accident participants, only 251 (i.e. 30%) were tested for cannabinoids, most often passenger car drivers, 46 percent. Of the 251 people tested, THC was demonstrated in 12 (4.8%), most commonly motorcycle drivers (7.8%) and passenger car drivers (3.4%). Of the 12 positive people, 7 were found to have a possible effect of THC ingestion on the road accident, but only one participant was found to have overdosed on THC, and 2 were reported by the dissecting physician to have had no effect on the accident. In the Czech Republic, when driving under the influence of addictive substances, there is no uniform procedure for qualification, whether it is an offence or an offence, and thus in the award of punishment. While somewhere there is an effort to divide this wrongdoing into offences and crimes, elsewhere it practically always only constitutes an offense. This situation seeks to resolve the instruction of the Attorney-at-chief 1 SL 732/2018 of 29 December 4.2019, which, however, arose without any discussion with the professional public, which is heavily criticized especially for the absurly high limits, which in particular in morphine and cocaine are practically unachievable. At the time of this writing, the impact of this guideline on practice is not clear.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"65 2","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38005853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal suicidal perforating crossbow bolt injury of the chest. 胸口致命的自杀式十字弓穿孔伤。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Očko Peter, Mikuláš Ubomír, Šikuta Ján, Kuruc Roman, Šidlo Jozef

引用次数: 0

Analysis of fatal industrial accidents in forensic postmortem investigations in South Osaka. 大阪南部致命工业事故法医验尸调查分析。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Tani Naoto, Ikeda Tomoya, Oritani Shigeki, Morioka Fumiya, Ikeda Kei, Shida Alissa, Aoki Yayoi, Ishikawa Takaki

{"title":"Analysis of fatal industrial accidents in forensic postmortem investigations in South Osaka.","authors":"Tani Naoto, Ikeda Tomoya, Oritani Shigeki, Morioka Fumiya, Ikeda Kei, Shida Alissa, Aoki Yayoi, Ishikawa Takaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Předkládaná studie zkoumala aktuální stav a příčiny smrtelných pracovních úrazů ze zdravotně-sociálního hlediska. Retrospektivně jsme hodnotili případy smrtelných pracovních úrazů mezi lety 2007 a 2016 v Ósace, která je druhým nejlidnatějším městem v Japonsku, z forenzních posmrtných dat 1689 zemřelých. Z těchto případů jsme analyzovali celkem 57 smrtelných průmyslových nehod. Oběťmi byli typicky muži v relativně pokročilém věku pracující generace, téměř polovina případů (přesněji 28) byli muži mezi 50 a 70 lety života. Nejčastějším typem nehody byl pád z výše (24 případů) a nejčastějším místem, kde k nehodám docházelo, bylo staveniště (28 případů). Většina nehod (29 případů) se odehrála na pracovišti s malým pracovním týmem. V 60 % případů oběť na sobě neměla ochranou helmu a ve 34 případech (60 %) byla nehoda připisována vlastní nedbalosti. Nehody se nejčastěji stávaly v úterý. Nejběžnější doba, kdy k nehodám docházelo, byla kolem 10. a 11. hodiny dopolední a kolem 1. a 2. hodiny odpolední. V přibližně 60 % případů žaludeční obsah zahrnoval i zbytky potravy, což naznačuje, že k nehodám typicky docházelo po jídle. V předkládané studii jsme zjistili, že pracovní nehody, z nichž nejčastější byl pád z výše, vykazují tendenci se vyskytovat na pracovišti s malým pracovním týmem. Pouze pár obětí mělo na sobě ochranou helmu. Tato zjištění naznačují, že na pracovištích by měly být důkladně zaváděny systémy monitorování a řízení bezpečnosti a že pracovníci by měli před i po jídle dbát zvýšené opatrnosti.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"65 3","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38506228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sudden and unexpected death due to unilateral tonsillitis. 因单侧扁桃体炎而突然意外死亡。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Šidlová Henrieta, Šikuta Ján, Kuruc Roman, Šidlo Jozef

引用次数: 0

Petroleum Intoxication: Literature Review and Case Report on Poisoning by Gasoline. 石油中毒:文献综述及汽油中毒病例报告。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Karakasi Maria-Valeria, Tologkos Stylianos, Papadatou Vasiliki, Anestakis Doxakis, Raikos Nikolaos, Lambropoulou Maria, Pavli Pavlos

引用次数: 0

Molecular autopsy and sudden cardiac death in the young. 分子解剖与年轻人心源性猝死

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Rücklová Kristina, Kulvajtová Markéta, Krebsová Alice, Dobiáš Martin, Petřková Jana

{"title":"Molecular autopsy and sudden cardiac death in the young.","authors":"Rücklová Kristina, Kulvajtová Markéta, Krebsová Alice, Dobiáš Martin, Petřková Jana","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden cardiac death is defined as sudden death due to a confirmed cardiovascular disease or when there is no explanation after medico-legal autopsy and arrhythmogenic, possibly hereditary etiology is presumed. Molecular autopsy should be indicated in all cases of sudden cardiac death due to suspected cardiomyopathy and hereditary arrhythmic syndrome. It should also be considered in thoracic aortic dissection. These hereditary cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of sudden cardiac death cases in the young up to 40 years of age. They are mostly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner carrying a 50% risk of passing the diasease-causing mutation to the offspring. In fact, all first-degree relatives have a high risk of developing the disease associated with sudden cardiac death. Hence, knowledge of the exact cause of death derived from molecular autopsy combined with a cardiologic and targeted genetic examination of first-degree relatives may help us detect other at risk family members and provides us with an opportunity to prevent further sudden deaths in the family by means of timely preventive measures. Forensic pathologists play a key role in this process of primary prevention of sudden death. They should retain tissue samples for DNA analysis whenever a hereditary cardiovascular disease is suspected. They should also recommend to the relatives a thorough cardiogenetic examination at one of the specialized centres. A multipdisciplinary team including cardiologists, geneticists, psychologists, forensic pathologists and coroners should be involved in the investigation of sudden cardiac death in the young.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"65 1","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37923147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recodification of expert law in the Czech Republic since 2021 and its impact on expertise in health care with special regard to forensic medicine. 自2021年以来，捷克共和国对专家法进行了重新编纂，及其对医疗保健专业知识，特别是法医专业知识的影响。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Vojtíšek Tomáš

{"title":"Recodification of expert law in the Czech Republic since 2021 and its impact on expertise in health care with special regard to forensic medicine.","authors":"Vojtíšek Tomáš","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A new law on experts will be in force in the Czech Republic from 1st January 2021. It is an entirely new law that repeals the old law of 1967, which has already been criticized. The new regulations, of course, bring changes to which experts must respond. The main change is the legal right to appoint an expert after meeting the pre-set conditions. It is essential, it is now possible that of the two equally qualified doctors from the two counties, only one has been appointed. Furthermore, it is the appointment of the only administrative body of the managing expert, which will be the Ministry of Justice. It will be mandatory for a medical examiner to pass an attestation exam and have eight years of experience. The certificate will have to be given by the Czech Medical Chamber. The expert opinion will also be able to be in electronic form. Expert institutes, such as universities, will also have to have natural persons as appointed experts. Experts will have to pass an entrance examination, which will have a general part and a special part. The special part will be professional for each field. Current experts will not have to compose a special part, only a general one. The general exam will be based on knowledge of legal regulations in expertise. The structure of the report will be given precisely and in detail. Expert opinions for private entities will need to be detailed. Liability insurance will be mandatory. Although there were other proposals, the rule for forensic autopsy, which still has to be performed by two experts, remains valid. The law provides for severe sanctions for breaches of various duties of an expert. It may be advantageous to apply for the appointment of an expert by the end of 2020.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"65 3","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38507099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The reasons for reoperations after surgery for acute subdural hematoma and the implications of suspected injury mechanisms. 急性硬膜下血肿术后再手术的原因及可能的损伤机制。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Krajsa Jan, Šilar Čeněk, Zeman Tomáš, Hrabovský Dušan, Chrastina Jan

{"title":"The reasons for reoperations after surgery for acute subdural hematoma and the implications of suspected injury mechanisms.","authors":"Krajsa Jan, Šilar Čeněk, Zeman Tomáš, Hrabovský Dušan, Chrastina Jan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Study aim: The primary aim is to analyze the relationship between the reasons for reoperation after surgery for acute subdural hematoma and the injury mechanism and secondarily the relationship between the acute subdural hematoma primarily operated on and the area of reoperation.Methods: Among adult patients operated on for acute subdural hematoma between 2013 and 2017, patients reoperated within 14 days were identified. Injury mechanisms, reasons for reoperation, and reoperated lesion location were studied.Results: Of 86 patients operated on for acute subdural hematoma, 24 patients were reoperated (27.9%). The main indications for reoperation after uncomplicated falls as injury cause (12 patients) were recurrent/significant residual subdural hematoma (7 patients) and contralateral subdural hematoma (3 cases). In complicated falls (long staircase, 3 patients), the reasons for reoperation were expansive intraparenchymal hematoma or brain contusion. In traffic accidents (4 patients, 3 pedestrians hit by cars), the reason for reoperations was brain contusion (two cases), contralateral intracerebral and subdural hematoma and postoperative epidural hematoma. Injury mechanism was unknown in 5 patients. In 20.8% of reoperations, the reoperated lesion (mainly subdural hematoma) was contralateral to the primary subdural hematoma. Prognosis was worse in reoperated patients.Conclusions: Recurrent/significant residual subdural hematomas are the most frequent reasons for reoperation after acute subdural hematoma surgery. The reasons for reoperations are related to the mechanism of injury. Simple falls are associated mainly with recurrent/significant residual or contralateral subdural hematomas. In complicated falls or traffic accidents (vigorous injuring force) hemorrhagic injuries of the brain parenchyma prevail.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":" ","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25502243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal consequences of uterine rupture in late pregnancy. 妊娠后期子宫破裂的致命后果。

Soudni Lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Šidlová Henrieta, Očko Peter, Mikuláš Ubomír, Šikuta Ján, Šidlo Jozef

{"title":"Fatal consequences of uterine rupture in late pregnancy.","authors":"Šidlová Henrieta, Očko Peter, Mikuláš Ubomír, Šikuta Ján, Šidlo Jozef","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine rupture in pregnancy belongs to acute conditions in gynaecology and obstetrics. It is a life-threatening complication for both mother and foetus. The occurrence of fatal consequences in developed countries is very rare. The causes of rupture include scarring after the caesarean section, fibroid enucleation, rough curettage, muscular insufficiency in uterine developmental defects, uterine wall damage due to inflammation, uterine hypoplasia, elevated intrauterine pressure during contraction, cephalopelvic disproportion, previous fibroid, prostaglandin or oxytocin administration, etc. This paper aims at the presentation of a 32-year-old woman who died in the 35th week of gestation due to uterine rupture at home despite having been transferred to a medical facility at the terminal stage of life. At the autopsy, a complete rupture of the posterior uterine wall with bleeding into the abdominal cavity and an amniotic sac with a male foetus in the abdominal cavity was found. There were no signs of the effects of violence detected. Histopathological examination revealed no pathological changes in the uterine muscle. The immediate cause of maternal death was a haemorrhagic shock. The autopsy of the foetus revealed signs of asphyxia. The immediate cause of foetal death was intrauterine asphyxia. In this case, forensic expertise ruled out the violent causes of uterine rupture and deaths in terms of mechanical and chemical factors and supported to make a diagnosis of spontaneous rupture.","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"65 3","pages":"65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38506655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0