Soudni Lekarstvi最新文献

{"title":"Crime scene investigation and dynamic reconstruction: importance of synergic collaboration between forensic pathology and digital reconstruction for work-related fatalities.","authors":"Feola Alessandro,&nbsp;Mizio Di Giulio,&nbsp;Sala La Francesco,&nbsp;Giordano Carmela,&nbsp;Pietra Della Bruno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Místo &#269;inu je výsledkem dynamického p&#367;sobení vzájemn&#283; se ovliv&#328;ujících faktor&#367;. Pe&#269;livá analýza místa úmrtí soudním léka&#345;em poskytuje prvotní informace pro ov&#283;&#345;ení souladu mezi pitevním nálezem a výpov&#283;&#271;mi sv&#283;dk&#367; a pro stanovení mechanizmu úrazu a úmrtí. Tento krok je nesmírn&#283; d&#367;le&#382;itý pro stanovení odpov&#283;dnosti za úraz. Prezentujeme p&#345;ípad stavebního d&#283;lníka, který propadl dve&#345;mi mezi dv&#283;ma patry na staveni&#353;ti, zatímco dr&#382;el &#382;elezný nosník. Tento p&#345;ípad demonstruje efektivitu komplexního p&#345;ístupu zahrnujícího jak klasické forenzní vy&#353;et&#345;ovací metody, tak metody digitální 3D rekonstrukce. Tento p&#345;ístup nám umo&#382;nil ov&#283;&#345;it dynamiku úrazu a poskytnul nám d&#367;le&#382;ité informace pro posuzování odpov&#283;dnosti zam&#283;stnavatele.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39194441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigative genetic genealogy - new approach to detect relatedness of individuals.","authors":"Korabečná Marie,&nbsp;Šimková Halina,&nbsp;Stenzl Vlastimil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of molecular genetic techniques, coupled with the development of bioinformatic approaches and the expansion of genealogy as a hobby, also brings new possibilities for forensic genetics. The review article compares todays classical methods of genotyping and determination of kinship based on the analysis of polymorphisms such as short tandem repeats, with the possibilities of investigative genetic genealogy, which uses genotyping based on analysis of hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms, bioinformatics and sharing individual profiles within public databases. We describe the principles of these laboratory techniques and the interpretation of their results. We compare these new approaches with the current practice in forensic laboratories. We stress the importance of the introduction of whole genome sequencing into forensic genetics. Whole genome sequencing allows due its ability to work with degraded DNA samples the preparation of proper material for investigative genetic genealogy which has already proven its usefulness in successfully solving serial murder cases as well as in identifying unknown victims of violent crimes. In addition to methodological approaches and achievements, the limits and ethical aspects of this new field of forensic genetics are also mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39830281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hijacking of the aircraft OK ADN L410 TURBOLET on June 8, 1972 - Forensic Medical Notes.","authors":"Vorel František,&nbsp;Hirt Miroslav,&nbsp;Krajsa Jan,&nbsp;Beran Michal,&nbsp;Šňupárek Zdeněk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 8 June 1972, the Czechoslovak OK DNN aircraft carrier L410 Turbolet was delivered to the regular line Marianske Lazne - Prague to the Federal Republic of Germany. About 8 minutes after the launch from Marianske Lazne Airport, the likely head of the group of kidnappers threw the captain of the plane. During the fight with one of the passenger, the head of the group of kidnappers killed the captain of the aircraft by a shot from 7.65 mm pistol. Other members of the hijackers group attacked other passengers. After the aircraft captains death, the second pilot took command and landed at the sports club at Weiden. After the landing, the kidnappers were detained by the police. Ten kidnappers stayed in the Federal Republic of Germany. An airplane with other passengers and coffin of a shot captain landed in Prague Ruzyne the following day. On June 12, 1972, the re-autopsy of the captain of the aircraft was performed at the Central Military Hospital in Prague. Post-autopsy status was detected. In this re-autopsy, it was possible to reconstruct the fire channel only incompletely, because during the previous autopsy performed in Federal Republic of Germany was excised the shot wound left on the neck. The fire channel began with a hole in the skin 10 cm above the right breast nipple, continued to the left and slightly upward through the subcutaneous tissue, passed through the 2nd rib at the right at a distance of 4.5 cm from the sternum, continued the lower and inner sides of the right collarbone, flowing on the front the ring cartilage and the first ring of the trachea, and on the underside of the left lobes of the thyroid gland, passed on the front of the left common carotid and continued into the area of the left SCM. The exid shot hole was on the left half of the neck. The direction of the shotway canal from right side to left side was detectable only by the fragment of the 2nd rib, which was broken out to the left and inside. The cause of the captains death was a traumatic shock. The injury was caused by a short firearm of small stance. Additional factors of firing were not found on the skin, as well as no signs of gas pressure. At the request of the experts performing the autopsy, a copy of the autopsy protocol from Germany was sent to them by an autopsied doctor. Among other things, it was reported that a 6.5 cm under the lower end of the left ear was a transversely oval, 2.5 cm long and 1.2 cm wide, red-black dried place of the upper skin, from which center run out a little red blood. At the conclusion of the autopsy protocol, it was found that there was a shotgun injury at the left side of the neck and the right side of the chest. The entrance wound according to the sent copy of the autopsy protocol, lay on the left side of the neck, the bullet penetrated the neck muscles, broke the inner branch of the cervical artery, passed through the trachea, penetrated the collarbone, split the 2nd rib to the right about 2 cm next to the sternum and th","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39194442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Polish case of fatal single-substance poisoning with cyclopropylfentanyl, a new synthetic opioid.","authors":"Pieprzyca Ewelina,&nbsp;Skowronek Rafał,&nbsp;Ska Korczy Małgorzata,&nbsp;Kulikowska Joanna,&nbsp;Czekaj Piotr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the first Polish case of fatal single-substance poisoning with cyclopropylfentanyl, a representative of fentanyl derivatives, whose victim was a 37-year-old man. This opioid was detected in biological material collected during medicolegal autopsy and in the syringe found near the deceased. Blood and urine samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The concentration of cyclopropylfentanyl was 24 ng/mL in blood and 73 ng/mL in urine.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized thrombosis in a patient with ongoing asymptomatic COVID-19.","authors":"Bajaj J,&nbsp;Hamerlik L,&nbsp;Krajčovič J","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the case report, the authors describe the death of a 48-year-old man with several chronic diseases, like an arterial hypertension, chronic ischemic heart disease and diabetes, 2nd type, in the field of asymptomatic covid pneumonia due to massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Atypical findings at autopsy were the unusual appearance, structure and location of blood clots, which were found in several arteries and veins in almost all areas of the body. At the autopsy it was really difficult to decide, if the found blood cloths are &#8220;vital&#8221; thrombes, or typical postmortal coagulation of blood, mostly due to their glossy appearance (typical for postmortal coagulation of blood) and strange resistance. An assumtion for thrombosis was proven by microscopical examination of some tissue samples. Based on several performed autopsies and expert articles, the authors want to point out the connection between COVID-19 disease and atypical thromboembolic complications. Demonstration of similar deaths may be helpful in the future in diagnosis and especially in preventive treatment, or in its research in patients with Covid-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39830280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An autopsy case of heatstroke under the influence of psychotropic drugs.","authors":"Kinoshita Hiroshi,&nbsp;Tanaka Naoko,&nbsp;Kumihashi Mitsuru,&nbsp;Jamal Mostofa,&nbsp;Ito Asuka,&nbsp;Nagata Ken,&nbsp;Tsutsui Kunihiko,&nbsp;Kimura Shoji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present here a fatal case of heatstroke, involving olanzapine and levomepromazine medications. A male in his sixties was found dead in his storage room in the middle of August, with a high rectal temperature. Autopsy revealed congestion of the lungs without any specific findings. Quantitative toxicological analysis demonstrated concentrations of olanzapine, levomepromazine, 7-aminonitrazepam, and 7-aminoflunitrazepam in a femoral blood sample of 0.433 µg/mL, 0.177 µg/mL, 0.604 µg/mL, and 0.041 µg/mL, respectively. The concentration of olanzapine exceeded toxic levels; however, levomepromazine level was within the therapeutic range. Due to the blocking mechanism of both olanzapine and levomepromazine against muscarinic receptors, they might depress sweating and impair heat dissipation. Based on autopsy findings, results of toxicological examination, and investigation by the authorities, we concluded that the cause of death was heatstroke under the influence of olanzapine and levomepromazine.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25502242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoerotic deaths: report of two unusual cases.","authors":"Kumičíková Ivana,&nbsp;Putško Mária,&nbsp;Straka Ubomír,&nbsp;Janík Martin,&nbsp;Štuller František,&nbsp;Novomeský František,&nbsp;Krajčovič Jozef","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoerotic death is a rare but recurring phenomenon in forensic medicine. This article presents two cases of unusual autoerotic death with signs of autoerotic asphyxia. Although the first case appeared to be asphyxia, the autopsy confirmed natural cause of death during solitary sexual activity of 69-year-old man found with exposed and bandaged genitals. The other case was asphyxiation utilizing a plastic bag and multiple panties wrapped around the head of 18-year-old man disguised in women´s dress.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9206627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deaths in traffic accidents associated with THC abuse.","authors":"Másilková Monika,&nbsp;Kolčava Radek,&nbsp;Bosák Miroslav,&nbsp;Otásková Tamáš Jitka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From the National Registry of autopsies and toxicology examinations, we selected the deceased for 2015, 2016, 2017 and January 2018 active road accident participants, i.e. pedestrians, cyclists and motor vehicle drivers. From these, we further selected those who were tested for THC presence. Of the 836 deceased active road accident participants, only 251 (i.e. 30%) were tested for cannabinoids, most often passenger car drivers, 46 percent. Of the 251 people tested, THC was demonstrated in 12 (4.8%), most commonly motorcycle drivers (7.8%) and passenger car drivers (3.4%). Of the 12 positive people, 7 were found to have a possible effect of THC ingestion on the road accident, but only one participant was found to have overdosed on THC, and 2 were reported by the dissecting physician to have had no effect on the accident. In the Czech Republic, when driving under the influence of addictive substances, there is no uniform procedure for qualification, whether it is an offence or an offence, and thus in the award of punishment. While somewhere there is an effort to divide this wrongdoing into offences and crimes, elsewhere it practically always only constitutes an offense. This situation seeks to resolve the instruction of the Attorney-at-chief 1 SL 732/2018 of 29 December 4.2019, which, however, arose without any discussion with the professional public, which is heavily criticized especially for the absurly high limits, which in particular in morphine and cocaine are practically unachievable. At the time of this writing, the impact of this guideline on practice is not clear.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38005853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal suicidal perforating crossbow bolt injury of the chest.","authors":"Očko Peter,&nbsp;Mikuláš Ubomír,&nbsp;Šikuta Ján,&nbsp;Kuruc Roman,&nbsp;Šidlo Jozef","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic injury due to crossbows is a rare occurrence these days. The aim of this study is to present a case of perforating chest injury caused by a bolt shot from a crossbow in suicidal intent which occurred &#8220;live&#8220; during a telephone conversation. The autopsy revealed perforation of the heart and left lungs with massive bleeding to the left pleural cavity which caused haemorrhagic shock. The motive of the mans suicide was the breakup with his girlfriend.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38005854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of fatal industrial accidents in forensic postmortem investigations in South Osaka.","authors":"Tani Naoto,&nbsp;Ikeda Tomoya,&nbsp;Oritani Shigeki,&nbsp;Morioka Fumiya,&nbsp;Ikeda Kei,&nbsp;Shida Alissa,&nbsp;Aoki Yayoi,&nbsp;Ishikawa Takaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>P&#345;edkládaná studie zkoumala aktuální stav a p&#345;í&#269;iny smrtelných pracovních úraz&#367; ze zdravotn&#283;-sociálního hlediska. Retrospektivn&#283; jsme hodnotili p&#345;ípady smrtelných pracovních úraz&#367; mezi lety 2007 a 2016 v Ósace, která je druhým nejlidnat&#283;j&#353;ím m&#283;stem v Japonsku, z forenzních posmrtných dat 1689 zem&#345;elých. Z t&#283;chto p&#345;ípad&#367; jsme analyzovali celkem 57 smrtelných pr&#367;myslových nehod. Ob&#283;&#357;mi byli typicky mu&#382;i v relativn&#283; pokro&#269;ilém v&#283;ku pracující generace, tém&#283;&#345; polovina p&#345;ípad&#367; (p&#345;esn&#283;ji 28) byli mu&#382;i mezi 50 a 70 lety &#382;ivota. Nej&#269;ast&#283;j&#353;ím typem nehody byl pád z vý&#353;e (24 p&#345;ípad&#367;) a nej&#269;ast&#283;j&#353;ím místem, kde k nehodám docházelo, bylo staveni&#353;t&#283; (28 p&#345;ípad&#367;). V&#283;t&#353;ina nehod (29 p&#345;ípad&#367;) se odehrála na pracovi&#353;ti s malým pracovním týmem. V 60 % p&#345;ípad&#367; ob&#283;&#357; na sob&#283; nem&#283;la ochranou helmu a ve 34 p&#345;ípadech (60 %) byla nehoda p&#345;ipisována vlastní nedbalosti. Nehody se nej&#269;ast&#283;ji stávaly v úterý. Nejb&#283;&#382;n&#283;j&#353;í doba, kdy k nehodám docházelo, byla kolem 10. a 11. hodiny dopolední a kolem 1. a 2. hodiny odpolední. V p&#345;ibli&#382;n&#283; 60 % p&#345;ípad&#367; &#382;alude&#269;ní obsah zahrnoval i zbytky potravy, co&#382; nazna&#269;uje, &#382;e k nehodám typicky docházelo po jídle. V p&#345;edkládané studii jsme zjistili, &#382;e pracovní nehody, z nich&#382; nej&#269;ast&#283;j&#353;í byl pád z vý&#353;e, vykazují tendenci se vyskytovat na pracovi&#353;ti s malým pracovním týmem. Pouze pár ob&#283;tí m&#283;lo na sob&#283; ochranou helmu. Tato zji&#353;t&#283;ní nazna&#269;ují, &#382;e na pracovi&#353;tích by m&#283;ly být d&#367;kladn&#283; zavád&#283;ny systémy monitorování a &#345;ízení bezpe&#269;nosti a &#382;e pracovníci by m&#283;li p&#345;ed i po jídle dbát zvý&#353;ené opatrnosti.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38506228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}