Soudni Lekarstvi最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol and addictive substances in deceased active participants of traffic accidents.","authors":"Monika Másilková,&nbsp;František Vorel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The content of this paper is the evaluation of data related to alcohol (ethanol, ethyl alcohol) and drugs in deceased active participants of traffic accidents for the years 2016-2021 obtained from the National Registry of Autopsies and Toxicological Examinations performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine and their comparison with the data of the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic. The sample included 2,715 deceased active road users, and their required data is available in both these sources. Only 72% of them were tested for alcohol, of whom 24% were found to have a blood alcohol concentration higher than 0.2 g/kg. Toxicological testing for substances other than alcohol was carried out in only 49% of the whole research file. Some substance from the list of addictive substances was detected in 120 deceased active road users (9% of those toxicologically examined). The concentration of these substances reached values affecting the ability to drive safely in 7 persons and excluding the ability to drive safely in 11 persons. The low percentage of toxicological tests carried out may be partly explained by the fact that in some cases the persons concerned may have survived for a certain period of time when toxicological testing was no longer considered relevant. Since there were no persons in our cohort who died more than 24 hours after death, we consider such reasoning to be not entirely correct. Therefore, we believe that the low number of examinations is mainly due to an attempt to save funds when toxicological examination was not required by the Police of the Czech Republic (if a forensic autopsy was ordered at all). The Police of the Czech Republic does not keep statistics on the presence of alcohol or other addictive substances in road accident deaths, but only in those who are at fault in road accidents. Data from the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic show that in 2016-2021, 57 persons were killed in traffic accidents where drugs were detected in the culprit in the accident. However, in our cohort, narcotic and psychotropic substances were detected in the blood (blood serum) of 120 deceased active participants of traffic accidents. This could be explained by the fact that at least 63 deceased active road users who were found to have narcotic and psychotropic substances were not at fault for the accident in which they died. However, a much more likely explanation is that the statistics of the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic are far from recording all culprits in the accident who are under the influence of drugs. This will especially apply to drivers who died in an accident that they were at fault for and when the police often did not order a forensic autopsy and thus a toxicological examination. In practice, toxicological examination of deceased active participants in traffic accidents applied only selectively means a significant distortion of statistical data on the presence of alcohol or addictive substances in the de","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"68 2","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple forms of suffocation used in double murder.","authors":"Handlos Petr,&nbsp;Uvíra Matěj,&nbsp;Klabal Ondřej,&nbsp;Joukal Marek,&nbsp;Handlosová Klára","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a case of double murder in which different mechanisms of suffocation, involving smothering, burking, and manual strangulation, were used. The victims are usually elderly people with disabilities and social isolation. The cases described here involve two women who were disabled and were murdered through blockage of the airway. Even though similar suffocating mechanisms were used in the murders, the autopsy findings differed between the two cases. This difference between the two can be explained by a preexisting medical condition that the younger victim had, which was quadriplegia resulting from cerebral hemorrhage, which limited herself-defense ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"67 3","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confectionary containing alcohol and their effect on breath analyzer results: a preliminary study.","authors":"Krajsa Jan,&nbsp;Straka Ubomír,&nbsp;Rybárová Veronika,&nbsp;Kumičíková Ivana,&nbsp;Hirt Miroslav","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breath analyzers are commonly used to test alcohol intoxication, most often to detect elevated systemic levels of ethanol by employees during working hours or drink-driving drivers. Many scientific studies describe the effect of inhaled ethanol vapors in the ambient air or the application of mouthwash before the breath test. This preliminary study interprets false positivity of the breath test after consumption over-the-counter confectionery.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"67 4","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9210443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-ligature strangulation by multiple cable ties.","authors":"Thube R Harshal,&nbsp;Sane R Mandar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports an autopsy of a 39-year-old deceased male who had done suicidal strangulation using multiple self-locking cable ties. The deceased used seven ligatures, constricting at a different level around the neck to accomplish the suicidal strangulation. Each ligature was made up of two cable ties attached to each other. The detailed autopsy examination and crime scene investigation confirm the manner of strangulation as suicidal. Suicidal strangulation is uncommon but not rare. Varying ligature materials and different locking methods were used for this purpose. The present case is remarkable because of the use of multiple self-locking zip cable ties as ligature material.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"67 4","pages":"36-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10344379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of a multicenter study of the causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the Czech Republic and primary prevention of cardiac arrest in relatives.","authors":"Kučerová Pohlová Štěpánka,&nbsp;Krebsová Alice,&nbsp;Votýpka Pavel,&nbsp;Peldová Petra,&nbsp;Kulvajtová Markéta,&nbsp;Dohnalová Petra,&nbsp;Bílek Matěj,&nbsp;Stufka Veronika,&nbsp;Rücklová Kristina,&nbsp;Grossová Iva,&nbsp;Wünschová Hanka,&nbsp;Tavačová Terezia,&nbsp;Hašková Jana,&nbsp;Segeťová Markéta,&nbsp;Gřegořová Andrea,&nbsp;Zoubková Veronika,&nbsp;Petřková Jana,&nbsp;Dobiáš Martin,&nbsp;Makuša Michal,&nbsp;Blanková Alžběta,&nbsp;Veitr David,&nbsp;Řehulka Hynek,&nbsp;Šubrt Ivan,&nbsp;Pilin Alexander,&nbsp;Tomášek Petr,&nbsp;Janoušek Jan,&nbsp;Kautzner Josef,&nbsp;Macek Milan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in individuals younger than 40 years has a heritable cause in a significant part of the cases. Identification of SCD, post mortem genetic analysis along with the cardiological screening examination in first degree represents an important diagnostic tool for the primary prevention of cardiac arrest in victim´s relatives and requires multicentric and multidisciplinary collaboration. Between 2016 and 2021 the complex cardiogenetic analysis was performed in 115 deaths with post mortem diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, acute aortic dissection and cases without morphological finding explaining the cause of death (sudden arrhythmic death or sudden unexplained death). DNA was isolated from post mortem collected tissue samples or relative´s blood and subjected to massively parallel sequencing (Illumina, USA) in extent of 100 to 20 000 genes. Sequencing results were analysed using the SOPHiA GENETICS DDM bioinformatics platform (Switzerland). Genetic counselling and cardiological examinations were carried out in 328 family members. Highly likely or certain molecular aetiology (i.e. based on presence of ACMG.net Class 4 to 5 variants) was disclosed in 19,8 % of analysed cases in RYR2, KCNH2, KCNQ1, SCN5A, FLNC (stop), GLA, TTN, TNNT2, RBM 20, MYBPC3, MYPN, FHL1, TGFBR1, and COL3A1 genes. With cardiogenetic screening we identified 25 % relatives at risk of life threating arrhythmias and offered them an individualised care.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"67 2","pages":"10-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40541241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal electrocution: a report of three unusual cases.","authors":"Kumičíková Ivana,&nbsp;Putško Mária,&nbsp;Straka Ubomír,&nbsp;Novomeský František,&nbsp;Janík Martin,&nbsp;Krajčovič Jozef","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electricity is a modern technology that can be used as method of suicide. Authors presents three cases of suicidal electrocution. The first case is a 55-year-old man who wrapped his chest and arms with electrically active wires connected to a timer. In second case, a 69-year-old man constructed electric mechanism from a disassembled extension cord. The last case describes a 53-year-old woman who was found dead in a water-filled bathtub.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"66 4","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9201316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of forensic entomology in forensic medicine.","authors":"Mikuláš Ubomír,&nbsp;Kutišová Dana,&nbsp;Šikuta Ján,&nbsp;Kuruc Roman,&nbsp;Šidlo Jozef","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ntomology, as a vast scientific discipline of zoology, deals with the study of insects, which are an integral part of the ecosystem of our planet and are closely linked to the activity and life cycle of all organisms, including humans. As a result of this natural connection, insects often become a direct &#8220;living witness&#8221; of a crime and thus an invaluable part of the evidence in a comprehensive forensic investigation, which in such cases necessarily includes a specialized field of science - forensic entomology. The goals of forensic entomology include comprehensive analysis of entomological evidence material and the use of knowledge about insects and other invertebrates for the purpose of investigating and verifying evidence in civil and criminal law. In practice, forensic entomology falls into several categories, including the issue of food pests in industry or agriculture, human and animal parasitology (especially myiasis) and very often the field of criminology and forensic medicine, where the results are mainly applied to determine the length of post mortem interval (PMI), evidence of manipulation of the corpse, or other forensic facts that results from entomological analysis. The conclusions of the entomology study are in many cases an invaluable part of the amount of information that leads to the answer of key questions in complex forensic evidence, especially in the group of serious crimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"66 3","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extension, importance and function of eponymous terms in forensic medicine.","authors":"Kučerová Pohlová Štěpánka,&nbsp;Nečas Pavel,&nbsp;Hejna Petr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic medicine is a multidisciplinary medical field that cooperates with a number of complementary medical disciplines and receives knowledge from many other non-medical disciplines. Cooperation with forensic toxicologists and forensic radiologists is routine in forensic practice, as well as with traffic engineers, forensic ballistics, forensic biomechanics, anthropologists, geneticists, and forensic entomologists is well established in expert practice and scientific research. Our work focuses on the connection of forensic medicine with linguistics. The essence of the article is the evaluation of the function, importance and use of eponymic terms in the field of forensic medicine. Total of 28 eponymous terms were searched and analysed in four Czech written textbooks of forensic medicine from different time periods (published in years 1937, 1976, 1999 and 2015/2016). The occurrence and extension of eponymous terms in field of forensic medicine is presented. The origin, the authorship, advantages or disadvantages of eponymous terms are discussed. Function of these terms in professional communication, in communication with police, in court, and with lay people is evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"66 3","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39439266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crime scene investigation and dynamic reconstruction: importance of synergic collaboration between forensic pathology and digital reconstruction for work-related fatalities.","authors":"Feola Alessandro,&nbsp;Mizio Di Giulio,&nbsp;Sala La Francesco,&nbsp;Giordano Carmela,&nbsp;Pietra Della Bruno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Místo &#269;inu je výsledkem dynamického p&#367;sobení vzájemn&#283; se ovliv&#328;ujících faktor&#367;. Pe&#269;livá analýza místa úmrtí soudním léka&#345;em poskytuje prvotní informace pro ov&#283;&#345;ení souladu mezi pitevním nálezem a výpov&#283;&#271;mi sv&#283;dk&#367; a pro stanovení mechanizmu úrazu a úmrtí. Tento krok je nesmírn&#283; d&#367;le&#382;itý pro stanovení odpov&#283;dnosti za úraz. Prezentujeme p&#345;ípad stavebního d&#283;lníka, který propadl dve&#345;mi mezi dv&#283;ma patry na staveni&#353;ti, zatímco dr&#382;el &#382;elezný nosník. Tento p&#345;ípad demonstruje efektivitu komplexního p&#345;ístupu zahrnujícího jak klasické forenzní vy&#353;et&#345;ovací metody, tak metody digitální 3D rekonstrukce. Tento p&#345;ístup nám umo&#382;nil ov&#283;&#345;it dynamiku úrazu a poskytnul nám d&#367;le&#382;ité informace pro posuzování odpov&#283;dnosti zam&#283;stnavatele.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":"66 1","pages":"2-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39194441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigative genetic genealogy - new approach to detect relatedness of individuals.","authors":"Korabečná Marie,&nbsp;Šimková Halina,&nbsp;Stenzl Vlastimil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of molecular genetic techniques, coupled with the development of bioinformatic approaches and the expansion of genealogy as a hobby, also brings new possibilities for forensic genetics. The review article compares todays classical methods of genotyping and determination of kinship based on the analysis of polymorphisms such as short tandem repeats, with the possibilities of investigative genetic genealogy, which uses genotyping based on analysis of hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms, bioinformatics and sharing individual profiles within public databases. We describe the principles of these laboratory techniques and the interpretation of their results. We compare these new approaches with the current practice in forensic laboratories. We stress the importance of the introduction of whole genome sequencing into forensic genetics. Whole genome sequencing allows due its ability to work with degraded DNA samples the preparation of proper material for investigative genetic genealogy which has already proven its usefulness in successfully solving serial murder cases as well as in identifying unknown victims of violent crimes. In addition to methodological approaches and achievements, the limits and ethical aspects of this new field of forensic genetics are also mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":35533,"journal":{"name":"Soudni Lekarstvi","volume":" ","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39830281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}