Petroleum and Chemical Industry International最新文献

{"title":"A New Learning Experience in Gas Turbine Generator a Case Study of Blackout Conditions Due to Tripping of Gtg and the Necessary Corrective Actions to Prevent the Reoccurrence","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes about the case study of a very interesting and peculiar blackout conditions (total power failure) arising out of both the Gas Turbine Generators (Two units of GTG, namely GTG-01 & GTG-02) units back to back tripping in a short span of a week’s time. It brings out the various observations noted during that condition and it’s root cause analysis. It also highlights the various possible corrective actions in a short term and long term basis to prevent the reoccurrence of such blackout situations.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115191061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Reversible Bimolecular Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction Kinetics for PKO and Methanol synthesis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous appraisal for alternative renewable energy sources particularly for bio-diesel production is a great concern to engineers and scientist globally. Actually, vegetable oils and C1 to C3 alcohol group alkali catalyzed transesterification reaction leads to bio-diesel production. The aspect of developing reaction time and disappearance rate (-RA) mathematical models for effective various reactor types design seems impassive. Hence, in this work the authors developed a unified reaction time and disappearance rate (-RA) predictive models as a function of reactants and product reaction rate constants (K1 K2), molar masses (MW), conversion (XA), fractional volume change (ɛ) and density (ρ) dimensions using partial fraction and by parts integration methods. The developed models were simulated with Matlab codes programming approach exploiting the kinetics parameters of PKO , Methanol and biodiesel. The results of the reaction time (t) at equilibrium, none equilibrium and disappearance rate (-RɛA) show dependable relationship with the stipulated dimensions and were quite compatible with those of inferential laboratory physicochemical data reported. Thus;","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"827 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Visualization of Ultrasonication Induced Asphaltenes Removal in Carbonate Rock Using Confocal Imaging","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Asphaltenes deposition is a major issue in the petroleum industry as it can have a detrimental impact on hydrocarbon recovery efficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to study the fundamental mechanisms controlling the asphaltenes flocculation and deposition in reservoirs allowing us to prevent and possibly eliminate such problem. Hitherto many studies have highlighted ultrasonication as a potential remediation technique but no investigation has been able to provide direct visual evidence of the phenomena. The primary objective of this study is to visualize the deposition of asphaltenes and their subsequent removal by ultrasonication in Indiana Limestone using state of the art confocal microscopy. To do so, we performed a comprehensive series of experiments by flooding Indiana Limestone core samples with crude oil and later passing ultrasonic waves through the flooded sample. Four core samples of Indiana Limestone each displaying different permeability were used, these are referred to as A2, B2, C4, and D4. At each stage of experiment series of images were captured by confocal microscopy depicting asphaltenes deposition and it’s post-sonication distribution. The images were further segmented allowing us to compute changes in the asphaltenes content before and after sonication. The comparison of confocal scans reveals that the ultrasonic irradiation is highly efficient in removing asphaltenes from the low permeability core samples, whereas in the case of highly permeable cores, rather than preventing it promoted the asphaltenes flocculation. Surprisingly, an increase in asphaltenes content was observed after ultrasonication in high permeability core samples.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131384664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Accumulation Bioprocess of Oils and Fats: From the State of the Art to the Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms, including yeasts and bacteria, have long been studied\u0000as alternative sources of oils and fats [1, 2]. Microorganisms synthesize\u0000lipids as a part of their metabolism, and as a source of energy. Some\u0000species have been reported to accumulate more than 20% of their dry\u0000cell mass in the form of lipids, and have been classified as “oleaginous”\u0000microorganisms [3]. Moreover, some oleaginous yeast species are\u0000particularly promising in this respect, as they can accumulate more\u0000than 70% of their dry cell weight as lipids [3]. In addition to this\u0000considerable capacity for lipid accumulation, oleaginous yeasts present\u0000various fatty acid profiles. In particular, they synthesize valuable\u0000polyunsaturated fatty acids, and are, therefore, a target of choice for\u0000potential applications as a renewable raw material for energetic and\u0000chemical production or as nutritional supplements. The analysis of the\u0000international state of the art revealed that oleaginous microorganisms\u0000have been studied over decades.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123489357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Use of Lipid Waste Industrial Residues for Lipase, Phospholipase and Bio surfactant Production Using a Newly Isolated Bacillus Safensis Strain","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to produce lipases by a newly bacterial strain using as substrate, reach lipid waste by products\u0000from oil refining or commercially soap industry. For the fermentation tests, two substrates were investigated to produce\u0000lipases: soap stock (solid lipid waste from an oil refining industry) and glycerin (liquid lipid waste from soap industry).\u0000The higher level lipases production was obtained with the soap stock as the sole carbon source. Different parameters\u0000such as pH, temperature of the medium and incubation time were optimized. A correlation was also obtained between\u0000detected lipolytic activity and reduction of surface tension in the culture medium. The surface tension decreased from 50\u0000to 25.7 mN/m indicating that biosurfactants were produced in the culture medium. As soap stock contains phospholipids\u0000molecules, this by product also enhances phospholipases production by the newly Bacillus safensis strain.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130165222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Modification of TiO2 @Pvc Composite Membrane for Textiledye House (Brome Phenol Blue) Filtration","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The continued increase in the costs of chemicals, energy and water makes their recovery more important today than\u0000it was years ago when separation techniques by membrane filtration were first introduced to the textile industry. The\u0000aim of introducing membrane filtration is not only to reduce water consumption and wastewater streams. The paper\u0000describes the results of research works and implementation project concerning cleaner technology and water reuse\u0000in textile dye house by TiO2\u0000@PVC composite membrane. Fabricated membranes were characterized with various\u0000analytical and experimental techniques. Results showed that the TiO2\u0000 blend TiO2\u0000@PVC composite membrane were\u0000nano porous in nature with improved porosity and permeability. Addition of TiO2\u0000 improved the mechanical stability\u0000and water permeability of the composite membranes.TiO2\u0000 doped membrane showed better dye rejection behavior with\u0000a permeate flux. Size and charge based exclusions along with adsorption were identified as the separating principles.\u0000Fouling analysis clearly showed that TiO2\u0000 incorporated membranes possessed better antifouling effect than membrane\u0000without TiO2\u0000.Thus the TiO2 blended TiO2\u0000@PVC composite membrane are promising for the treatment of dye polluted\u0000wastewater.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129943341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and Water conservation by Coagulant Change over from Aluminum Sulfate to Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) at a Conventional Water Treatment Plant","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"In industrial water treatment process coagulation process is used to destabilized suspended particles and to reacts\u0000with dissolved organic materials in raw water. Proper coagulation is essential for good filtration performance and for\u0000disinfection by product control. Improper coagulation can cause high aluminum residuals in the treated water and the\u0000post-treatment precipitation of particles causing turbidity, deposition and coating of pipes in the water distribution\u0000system. Minimizing the solid residuals produced from coagulation has also become a more important part of utility\u0000operations due to increased disposal costs and land filling restrictions. Choice of a suitable coagulant for maximum\u0000contaminant removal and reduction in costs is the most important parameters of water treatment. Sludge handling,\u0000conservation of water, saving energy and cost effective water treatment continue to be major hurdles in effective and\u0000efficient management of water treatment across the industries.\u0000In this case study the feasibility of using poly aluminum chloride instead of Alum has been studied.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126532857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Various Ways for Increasing Production of Middle Distillate","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.03.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.03.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, refiners are experiencing a big challenge due to the slow economic growth, over diesel production and\u0000decreased demand of it. Refineries are searching for technologies that could reduce diesel output, particularly the\u0000inferior light cycle oil (LCO) fraction. Here in, this article mainly we will describes the industrialized technologies for\u0000LCO processing such as LCO upgrading, LCO blending into available plants such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC),\u0000and hydro-refining/treating unit, LCO moderate hydrocracking, and LCO to some aromatic rich stream and also with\u0000gasoline with the integration of selective hydro-refining and resulting optimized FCC unit. It is analyzed that the LCO\u0000moderate hydrocracking can provide more gasoline at the expense of high H2\u0000 consumption, while LCO to aromatics\u0000and gasoline (LTAG) technology needs more steps for clean fuel production and retrofitting of FCC plant. Based on\u0000the analyses of current technologies, it is suggested that implementation of such technologies should consider the\u0000configuration of refineries, as well as the benefit of end users.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129969413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jakobshavn Isbrae Greenland’s Largest Glacier and SN1006 2010 Impact 2017\u0000Freezing - Global Cooling","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.02.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.02.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"The research scientists have noted that the change in temperature of the ocean waters at the mouth\u0000of the Jakobshavn Isbrae Glacier has caused the velocity and melt rate for the glacier to change over\u0000the last few years. The glacier’s maximum velocity due to warm ocean waters occurred in 2013 a year\u0000after the impact of the debris stream of a supernova, SN1006. The supernova was observed exploding\u0000in 1006AD and debris from the explosion impacted Earth in 2010. The eastern terminus, ET, of SN1006\u0000provides energy input to the ocean and area near the mouth of the glacier on May 2 of every year after\u0000impact and this energy cause the warm up for the waters surrounding the glacier, global warming. In\u0000time, the strength of the impact stream wanes and the glacier begins to refreeze, global cooling","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126220706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ROP on Selected Foam Rheological Properties in Vertical Wells","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/pcii.02.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/pcii.02.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"Foam drilling is one of the different techniques of underbalanced drilling which is to intentionally design the proper\u0000compressible fluid as drilling mud. The main characteristics of the foam fluids are its wide range of low densities which\u0000are generally from 1 to 5 ppg; and its high effective viscosities which are superior to those of both constituents; liquid\u0000and gas. Literature reported case stories of foam drilling in most challenging formations with excessive and complete\u0000losses due to reservoir depletion, fractured strata, unconsolidated beds etc. For good cuttings removal and desired\u0000hole cleaning, the technique of foam drilling relies upon foam high effective viscosity and annular mixture velocity. To\u0000guarantee adequate hole cleaning in foam drilling, factors affecting these two parameters must be carefully monitored\u0000and controlled during the entire hole sections.\u0000As foam rheological properties are among the most affecting parameters for hole cleaning, their detailed studies are\u0000not considered exaggerated. Carrying out foam drilling in producing formations results in annular foam rheological\u0000properties much different than those in the string due to the intrusion of formation cuttings and fluids into the annular\u0000mud stream. Therefore, detailed analysis of different parameters affecting on the annular foam rheology is crucial for\u0000optimum foam drilling. Rate of penetration (ROP) is a determinant parameter for drilling economy, but might also be\u0000one of the main causes for the changes of the annular rheology of foam. In this paper, we developed a recent program\u0000using VISUAL BASIC for a hydraulic model of foam drilling in vertical wells to investigate the influence of ROP on\u0000selected foam rheological properties. For the particular conditions in the Appendix Table of this paper, foam annular\u0000velocity, quality, density, power index, Reynolds number and cuttings concentration all increase proportionally with\u0000the increase of ROP, whereas, annular surface pressure, effective viscosity, consistency index and friction factor all\u0000decrease inversely with the ROP increase.","PeriodicalId":355186,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum and Chemical Industry International","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}