Journal of Dairy Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of in utero heat stress on neonatal small intestinal cell turnover, and markers associated with barrier function and immunoglobulin G transport in newborn dairy heifers.","authors":"Maverick C Guenther, Brittney D Davidson, Lautaro R Cangiano, Michael A Steele, Geoffrey E Dahl, Jimena Laporta","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-29012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-29012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Late gestation heat stress in dairy cows reduces offspring's capacity to absorb colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG). This study evaluated small intestine histomorphology, cellular turnover, and gene expression profiles of in utero heat stressed versus in utero cooled heifers at birth. For the last 54 ± 5 d of gestation, pregnant dams were housed in a free stall barn and were either heat stressed (shade of the barn) or cooled (shade, fans, and water soakers) during a subtropical summer. Heat stressed pregnant cows responded physiologically by elevating respiration rate and skin temperature relative to their cooled counterparts (+25 breaths per minute and +1.7°C) and gave birth to heifers who were in utero heat stressed (IUHS) or in utero cooled (IUCL), respectively (n = 8/group). Heifers were euthanized at birth (before colostrum feeding) to harvest gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tissues. Histomorphology (villi length, width, and crypt depth) was assessed from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissue portions of the GIT, via H&E staining. Cellular turnover (death/proliferation) was quantified in crypt and villi regions of the jejunum and ileum via immunohistochemistry. The fluorescence intensity of tight junction proteins (occludin and zona occludens-1) and the neonatal Fc receptor were assessed in the jejunum and ileum. Jejunum and ileum tissue samples were snap-frozen for gene expression analysis of endosomal (FCGRT, DAB2, MAMDC4), tight junction (TJP1, TJP2, TJP3, OCLN, CLDN1), heat shock (HSP90AA1, HSF1), and autophagy (ATG3, ATG5) related genes by qPCR. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED or PROC GLIMMIX. There were no differences in villi length or width across intestinal sections, nor crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum; however, ileal crypts were shorter in IUHS heifers. No differences between treatments were detected in the rate of proliferation within either tissue section. Apoptosis was increased crypts of the jejunum and villi of the ileum in IUHS heifers, but unchanged in ileal crypts and jejunal villi. Occludin abundance tended to be reduced in the jejunum of IUHS heifers only, whereas other tight junction proteins were largely unchanged. Abundance of the neonatal Fc receptor was decreased in the jejunum of IUHS heifers and not different between treatments in the ileum. Gene expression analysis indicated a tendency for upregulation of CLDN1 and significant downregulation of TJP2 in the jejunum, and a significant upregulation of MAMDC4, ATG5, and HSF1 in the ileum of IUHS heifers. Additionally, expression of tight junction genes OCLN, TJP1, TJP2, and TJP3 were upregulated in the ileum of IUHS heifers. Overall, IUHS had minimal effects on histomorphology but disrupted cellular turnover and tight junction regulation, with reduced neonatal Fc receptor abundance in the jejunum, providing insight to mechanisms that may be responsible for impaired colostrum IgG absorption. These findings suggest that impaired passive immunity in IUHS calves","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity of pasture-based systems with lower chemical and feed n inputs on a wet mineral soil.","authors":"H Walsh, B Horan, J J Collins, D Patton, K Pierce, J Humphreys, L Delaby","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-29072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-29072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To meet national and European Union (EU) climate targets will require pasture-based dairy systems to reduce reliance on purchased inputs while sustaining output. Evidence to guide such reductions on wet mineral soils remains underexplored, as the majority of Irish research has been undertaken on freely draining soils in southern location. This study quantifies system performance under reduced chemical and concentrate feed nitrogen (N) on such soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of lowering farm-gate N inputs (i.e., N imported through the farm gate) through reductions in chemical fertilizer and concentrate feed N on the performance of a pasture-based dairy system on a wet mineral soil. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to establish 4 experimental farmlets of 13 ha, consisting of 2 sward systems (SS), and 2 concentrate feed levels (CF). The SS were (1) perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) monoculture swards fertilized with 225 kg chemical N ha^-1 (PR) and (2) PR white clover (WC; Trifolium repens (PRWC)) swards fertilized with 125 kg chemical N ha^-1. The CF were (1) a high concentrate level (HC; 1,250 kg DM cow^-1) and (2) a medium concentrate level (MC; 750 kg DM cow^-1). The farm-gate N inputs for the 4 farmlets were 300, 260, 200 and 160 kg ha^-1 for PRHC, PRMC, PRWC-HC and PRWC-MC, respectively. Each farmlet was stocked at 2.7 cows ha^-1 and was managed independently over 2 grazing seasons (2023 and 2024). Cows were randomly allocated to each system before calving in spring 2023 and remained in their assigned treatment for the duration of the study. The PRWC SS achieved increased total pasture production (+1,062 kg DM ha^-1; P < 0.05) compared with PR swards. Milk and milk solids (MS) production per hectare did not differ between SS. Although PRWC required less chemical fertilizer N application (-77 kg ha^-1) resulting in reduced farm-gate N balance (-83 kg N ha^-1), the inclusion of biological N fixation resulted in greater total farm N balance (256 kg N ha^-1) and lower N use efficiency (NUE; 23%) for PRWC compared with PR (229 kg N ha^-1 and 27%, respectively). In contrast, HC achieved a greater (P < 0.05) milk yield (+1,301 kg ha^-1) and tended (P = 0.07) to have a greater MS yield (+101 kg ha^-1) compared with MC, and required less pasture silage supplementation during lactation, thereby resulting in similar farm-gate (187 kg ha^-1) and total (242 kg ha^-1) N balance. These results indicate that integrating WC into PR swards, combined with medium concentrate supplementation levels can improve the efficiency of pasture based dairy systems on wet mineral soils by improving pasture productivity, reducing requirements for chemical N inputs and maintaining milk production per hectare with minimal impact on total N balance and NUE.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic inbreeding coefficients and inbreeding depression of semen production traits at genome-wide and chromosomal levels in Japanese Holstein bulls.","authors":"Ryogo Inagaki, Che-Hsuan Huang, Ikuko Fujimoto, Taro Oka, Toshimi Baba, Junpei Kawakami, Yukima Watanabe, Koichi Hagiya","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-28064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-28064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to estimate inbreeding coefficients and the effects of inbreeding depression on semen production traits at both the genome-wide and chromosomal levels. We utilized pedigree data for 19,921 animals, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data on 5700 Japanese Holstein bulls, and 52,193 semen collection records from 775 bulls. We estimated 4 different inbreeding coefficients, namely a pedigree-based coefficient (F_PED) and 3 genomic coefficients derived from SNP data. The genomic coefficients consisted of one based on the genomic relationship matrix (F_GRM), one based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), and one based on homozygous-by-descent (HBD) segments (F_HBD). These genomic coefficients were estimated at both the genome-wide and chromosomal levels. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of these coefficients on semen production traits: semen volume (VOL), sperm concentration (CON), sperm number (NUM), and sperm motility (MOT). In the genome-wide-level analysis, inbreeding coefficients increased markedly in bulls born after 2009, coinciding with the introduction of genomic selection. Significant inbreeding depression of VOL was found. At the chromosomal level, the inbreeding coefficients for most chromosomes showed a similar trend to the genome-wide metrics, although some (e.g., chr10 and chr20) exhibited a more pronounced trend. Suggestive inbreeding effects were detected on specific chromosomes for all traits (chr1 and chr22 for VOL, chr24 and chr29 for CON, chr1, chr12, and chr27 for NUM, chr10 and chr18 for MOT), including the traits that were not significant at the genome-wide level. Our results highlight that chromosomal-level analysis provides information complementary to whole-genome metrics, offering a more detailed perspective for managing inbreeding effects. To mitigate the adverse effects of inbreeding on semen production traits, future breeding programs would benefit from the control of inbreeding effects on high-risk chromosomal regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating herd prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in Canadian dairy herds using Bayesian latent class models.","authors":"Mariana Fonseca, Jean-Philippe Roy, Ahmad Albaaj, David L Renaud, Herman W Barkema, Maud de Lagarde, Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal, Simon Dufour","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28861","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mastitis remains a major challenge for dairy production worldwide, and understanding pathogen prevalence is essential for guiding control strategies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of major mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) from Canadian dairy herds in Alberta, Ontario, and Québec. A total of 340 herds were included, with BTM samples analyzed by qPCR for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp., Mycoplasmopsis bovis, Prototheca spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli. We used a 2-stage Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) to estimate the provincial herd-level prevalence of each pathogen, along with 95% credible intervals (95% BCI). Samples classified as 'suspect' by qPCR were excluded from the BLCM analysis. We also classified pathogens as having a very low prevalence when there was a &gt; 95% probability that the provincial prevalence was below 1%. The estimated prevalence of S. aureus was 56.4% in Québec (95% BCI: 48.5-63.9), 32.6% in Ontario (95% BCI: 23.7-42.2), and 35.0% in Alberta (95% BCI: 22.4-48.8). Streptococcus uberis was the second most prevalent pathogen, with estimated prevalence of 41.2% (95% BCI: 34.2-48.4) in Québec, 34.1% (95% BCI: 25.7-43.2) in Ontario, and 33.7% (95% BCI: 22.6-45.8) in Alberta. Streptococcus dysgalactiae followed, with estimated prevalence of 13.7% (95% BCI: 9.3-19.1), 8.2% (95% BCI: 4.0-14.2), and 8.5% (95% BCI: 3.1-17.3) in Québec, Ontario, and Alberta, respectively. The estimated prevalence for S. agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp., M. bovis, Prototheca spp., Klebsiella spp., and E. coli ranged from 0.3 to 5.8%. Specifically, S. agalactiae prevalence was 0.6% (95% BCI: 0.1-4.4) in Alberta, 1.8% (95%BCI: 0.3-5.5) in Ontario, and 2.1% (95% BCI: 0.7-4.8) in Québec. Mycoplasma spp. prevalence was 0.6% (95% BCI: 0.1-4.4), 2.7% (95% BCI: 0.7-6.9), and 1.6% (95%BCI: 0.4-4.1) in Alberta, Ontario, and Québec, respectively, while M. bovis prevalence was 0.5% (95% BCI: 0.1-3.8), 0.9% (95% BCI: 0.1-3.7), and 0.3% (95% BCI: 0.1-1.4). Prototheca spp. prevalence ranged from 0.4% (95% BCI: 0.1-2.5) in Ontario to 3.1% (95% BCI: 1.3-6.3) in Québec, and Klebsiella spp. prevalence ranged from 0.6% (95%BCI: 0.1-4.2) in Alberta to 1.8% (95% BCI: 0.3-5.5) in Ontario. Finally, for E. coli, the estimated prevalence was 4.1% (95% BCI: 0.8-11.0), 5.8% (95% BCI: 2.4-11.1), and 3.9% (95%BCI: 1.7-7.3) in Alberta, Ontario, and Québec, respectively. Our analyses suggested that all 3 provinces could be considered as having low prevalence of M. bovis. For microorganisms that mainly causes clinical mastitis, the lower prevalence estimates likely reflect, at least in part, the limitations of a single BTM sampling rather than true limited circulation. Positive predictive values were low for most pathogens, except for S. aureus, highlighting the need to interpret positive results with caution, whereas negative predictive values were consistently high f","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox and immune response in early-lactating dairy cows supplemented with vitamin E or plant extract.","authors":"Angélique Corset, Anne Boudon, Aude Remot, Benoît Graulet, Jean-François Ricouleau, Sabrina Philau, Colette Mustiere, Laurence Le-Normand, Ophélie Dhumez, Pierre Germon, Marion Boutinaud","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In dairy cows, early lactation is a period prone to oxidative stress, inflammation and health problems. Our objective was to investigate the effects of 2 strategies of nutritional supplementation on physiological and immunological status of early lactating cows. The first strategy consisted of supplementing vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) from 3 weeks before calving (3,000 IU/d before and 1,000 IU/d after calving). The other strategy consisted of supplementing plant extracts (Sambucus nigra, Salix alba, Laurus nobilis, Harpagophytum procumbens, Silybum marianum and Arctium lappa, QUALIMILK product from BIODEVAS Laboratoires, QPB plant extracts) from calving (10 g/d). In anticipation of cows being removed due to health issues or changes in calving dates, 51 Holstein dairy cows were assigned to 3 groups of 17 cows with a final target of 15 cows per group. Each group was randomly assigned to one of the 3 compared treatments: control group (final n = 15), vitamin E group (final n = 16), and QPB plant extract group (final n = 14). Their redox and immune status were monitored during the first 12 weeks of lactation, every 4 weeks. In wk 12, malondialdehyde levels in plasma tended to be lower in the vitamin E and QPB plant extract groups than in the control group. The vitamin E and QPB plant extract groups had lower ex vivo plasma CCL4, IL6 and IL8 cytokine levels, lower proportions of blood regulatory neutrophils, and less ROS production by blood neutrophils than the control group. In terms of immune response, the expression of FABP3 in milk mammary epithelial cells was downregulated in multiparous cows supplemented with vitamin E and QPB plant extracts. Therefore, supplementation with either vitamin E before and after calving or QPB plant extracts after calving clearly reduced the ex vivo inflammatory response and enhance a specific ex vivo immune response shown to be involved in the fight against mastitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven physiological profile classification for dairy cows using milk mid-infrared spectra and machine learning.","authors":"Y Chen, H Atashi, S Franceschini, C Grelet, C Nickmilder, P Lemal, K Wijnrocx, H Soyeurt, N Gengler","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Composite physiological status in dairy cattle reflects the integration of production, metabolic, and clinical information, yet scalable individual-level assessment remains limited. Milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, routinely collected in dairy systems, provides a high-throughput opportunity to capture physiology-related signals. This study aimed to develop a data-driven classification framework using MIR-derived information and to evaluate its relevance with an independent score global individual de bien-être (SGI). A total of 27,780,928 records from 11 dairy cattle breeds were analyzed. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed using 35 MIR-related traits in the subdata set (n = 5,478,789 records), and 3 distinct cow clusters were identified. Supervised machine learning models, including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF), were then developed to predict clusters. The RF model outperformed PLS-DA, achieving an accuracy of 0.88 using MIR-related traits. Direct prediction from MIR spectra reproduced the MIR-derived cluster labels with comparable performance (accuracy = 0.89), suggesting that the intermediate trait-prediction step may be simplified. In the independent ScorWelCow interpretation data set (n = 1,870), Cluster 3 showed the highest mean SGI, supporting its interpretation as the most favorable MIR-derived composite physiological profile. These results suggested that MIR-derived information could contribute to a biologically meaningful, scalable composite physiological profiling framework at the individual cow level, although further validation with independent clinical or physiological reference data is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal encapsulation and characterization of casein-derived peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis coupled with microfiltration: In vivo evaluation of anti-fatigue activity.","authors":"Yining Gong, Shengpeng Su, Ruican Wang, Xu Li, Shuwen Zhang, Xiaodan Wang, Xiaoyang Pang, Yunna Wang","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactive peptides derived from casein have attracted increasing attention for their antioxidant properties. However, their application is limited by stability issues and insufficient understanding of their anti-fatigue mechanisms, highlighting the need for effective delivery strategies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects of < 1 kDa casein peptides (CP) and to determine whether liposomal encapsulation enhances their bioactivity. Casein micelles (MCCs) were enzymatically hydrolyzed and microfiltered to obtain < 1 kDa peptides (CP), followed by liposomal encapsulation. The CP were characterized by amino acid composition, peptide sequences, and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that YPFPGPI and FPKYPVEPF exhibited strong Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and DPPH binding, respectively, with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirming stable bonding involving ARG415, ARG483, SER508, and SER555. CP showed strong DPPH radical scavenging and high hydrophobic amino acid (HAAs) content. In an exhaustive swimming test, CP administration significantly prolonged the swimming duration in mice (P < 0.05), with the liposome group showing a 25.95% increase over the control group. Additionally, CP enhanced glycolysis and muscle strength, indicating marked anti-fatigue effects. Compared with previous studies, this work integrates peptide identification with liposomal delivery to improve functional efficacy and provide mechanistic insight. These findings highlight the potential of CP in alleviating fatigue, suggesting promising applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of soybean hulls on milk composition, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites, rumen fermentation, and gut microbiota of postpartum dairy cows.","authors":"Cheng Guo, Mahmoud M Abdelsattar, Fanlin Kong, Ahmad R Musa, Mequanint Biks, Dina Karmallah, Abdullahi M Musa, Yanliang Bi, Shengli Li","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean hulls, a by-product of industrial processing, are rich in polysaccharides and are an important biological resource. This study evaluated the effects of replacing traditional forage fiber with soybean hulls in the diets of postpartum dairy cows on milk yield, milk composition, rumen fermentation, and liver metabolism. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned from calving to 21 d postpartum to 2 diets: a long-fiber diet (LF, 0% soybean hulls) and a short-fiber diet (SF, soybean hulls at the level of 7.8% of DM). The DMI, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, energy-corrected milk production, 4% fat-corrected milk production, and milk lactose were significantly higher in the SF group than in the LF group. In addition, the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, pentanoic acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations in the rumen were significantly higher in the SF group than in the LF group. Moreover, pancreatic glucagon concentrations were significantly higher in the serum of the SF group. Furthermore, the LF group showed higher abundance of Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014_group, unclassified_f_Eggerthellaceae, and Lachnobacterium, whereas the SF group showed higher abundance of Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Roseburia, Pseudoramibacter, Coprococcus, Catenisphaera, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-006, Dlalster, and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-003. The SF group showed upregulation of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and the PPAR signaling pathway. In conclusion, increasing the soybean hull content as a carbohydrate source for postpartum cows beneficially enhanced milk yield and milk quality, along with rumen fermentation and liver metabolism, supporting its use as an alternative feed for sustainable dairy production.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the probability of survival of cows in dairy herds in the United States.","authors":"Lazaro Henrique Silva, Yijing Gong, Victor E Cabrera","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cow longevity directly affects the economic efficiency of dairy herds, as modern systems exhibit low survival and involuntary losses that compromise genetic and financial progress. We aimed to characterize the culling process in US dairy herds, including the main reasons for animal removal. Data from the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) included 5.6 million records from average 2,630 herds (2006-2017), containing productive, reproductive, and culling information. Total longevity indicators were defined, and cows were stratified by pregnancy status, parity, production level, lactation stage, and region. Herds with fewer than 100 records and fewer than 5 culling codes were excluded. Animal destination was classified into 8 categories, allowing estimation of overall and cause-specific culling frequencies. A Cumulative Incidence Function (CIF) analysis was performed to compare the different reasons for culling. Mean longevity was 4.2 years and the overall culling rate was 31.03%, with \"other or injury\" (24.52%) as the most frequent reason, followed by \"reproductive problems\" (16.73%) and \"died\" (15.82%). However, this dynamic varies over the years; for younger animals, the primary reason for removal of herd was \"dairy purposes,\" whereas reproductive problems had the least impact on the culling rate. Non-pregnant cows showed much higher culling rates than pregnant cows (54.88% vs. 12.19%), and dynamics varied across lactation stages. Multiparous cows were more affected by \"died,\" \"mastitis,\" and \"feet and legs,\" whereas primiparous cows were more frequently removed of herd for \"dairy purposes.\" Across regions and breeds, overall culling rates were similar, although culling profiles differed. Lower-producing animals exhibited higher culling rates, mainly due to involuntary causes, whereas more productive herds recorded more economically driven removals. The primary reasons for removed of herd also differed over the years; Sold for \"dairy purposes\" was more significant initially, whereas \"other or injury\" and \"reproductive problems\" became more important as the animals remained in the herd.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PacBio SMRT sequencing of traditional dairy products from Eastern Inner Mongolia reveals diverse lactic acid bacteria and identifies Pediococcus strains with potent cholesterol-lowering potential.","authors":"Meng-Ai Feng, Wei Li, Jiaoyang Xu, Xiyuan Zhang, Jingyan Duan, Hongyan Shi","doi":"10.3168/jds.2026-28868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region represent valuable resources for exploring microbial diversity and identifying potential probiotics. This study utilized PacBio SMRT (Single Molecule, Real-Time) sequencing to analyze the microbial communities of 20 traditional dairy products from Eastern Inner Mongolia. The analysis revealed considerable bacterial diversity, encompassing 664 genera and 953 species, with a core microbiota dominated by Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. From a collection of 64 isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, comprehensive in vitro screening identified 2 strains, L27 (Pediococcus acidilactici) and L12 (Pediococcus pentosaceus), demonstrating notable probiotic potential. Strain L27 exhibited the highest cholesterol removal capacity (38.98%) and robust tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions (acid, bile salts, and enzymes). Strain L12 showed superior adhesion potential, as indicated by high cell surface hydrophobicity and strong coaggregation with pathogens, along with a favorable antibiotic susceptibility profile. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of hemolytic activity in both strains. These results highlight strains L27 and L12 as promising candidate probiotics for developing functional foods aimed at cholesterol management, providing a solid foundation for further in vivo studies and mechanistic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}