Journal of Dairy Science最新文献

{"title":"Production and nutrient use efficiency of lactating dairy cows fed concentrate feeds via an automatic feeding system","authors":"L.F. Martins,&nbsp;S.F. Cueva ,&nbsp;D.E. Wasson,&nbsp;C.V. Almeida,&nbsp;A.T. Richards,&nbsp;N. Stepanchenko,&nbsp;A.N. Hristov","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26140","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-26140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to investigate the effects of separate feeding of a partial mixed ration (PMR) and concentrate premixes (CMix) delivered at fixed or variable amounts using an automatic feeding system (AFS) on lactational performance, enteric CH₄ emissions, ruminal fermentation variables, digestibility of nutrients, and N excretion in lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight primi- and multiparous Holstein cows averaging 91 ± 26 DIM were enrolled in a 17-wk randomized complete block design experiment, with a 2-wk covariate, 5-wk adaptation, and 10-wk data and sample collection periods. Cows were blocked based on parity, DIM, and ECM. Cows within blocks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) CON = diet fed ad libitum as a TMR; (2) SF_F = diet fed as separate feeds (SF) with ad libitum PMR and fixed amounts of CMix via an AFS; and (3) SF_V = SF with variable amounts of CMix calculated by an algorithm derived based on balances of NEL and MP of individual cows and fed via an AFS. Partial mixed ration intake was increased, and milk yield was decreased by SF_V compared with CON but not with SF_F. Feed efficiency was decreased by both SF treatments compared with CON. Treatments did not affect ECM yield in the current study. Enteric gas emissions were not affected by SF_F, but CH₄ intensity tended to be increased by 10% in SF_V compared with CON. The concentration of ruminal VFA and VFA profile were not affected, except for an increase in butyrate concentration by both SF treatments and a tendency for increased ammonia concentration in SF_V compared with CON. Apparent DM and OM digestibility was increased by SF_V, whereas amylase-treated NDF and ADF digestibility was increased by both SF_F and SF_V. Treatments did not affect N excretion or secretion variables, except that urine N excretion (as % of N intake) was decreased by SF_F compared with CON. Total purine derivative excretion tended to be decreased by SF_V compared with CON but not by SF_F. Overall, SF_F did not affect lactational performance but decreased urinary N excretion compared with feeding a TMR. Feeding variable amounts of CMix calculated using an algorithm based on individual NEL and MP balances (i.e., SF_V) had a negative effect on lactational performance and CH₄ intensity, likely because of algorithm overfitting and lack of generalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 7","pages":"Pages 7109-7126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of replacing canola meal with extruded soybean meals on lactational performance and enteric gas emissions in dairy cows","authors":"S.F. Cueva ,&nbsp;L.F. Martins ,&nbsp;D.E. Wasson ,&nbsp;N. Stepanchenko ,&nbsp;D.M. Kniffen ,&nbsp;R.A. Fabin ,&nbsp;A.N. Hristov","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26291","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2025-26291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanically extracting oil through an extrusion process increases rumen-undegraded protein content of oilseed meals. This study investigated the effects of replacement on an equal CP basis of canola meal (CM) with extruded soybean meals (ESBM) processed at 2 extruder temperatures, 149°C (LSBM) and 171°C (HSBM), on lactational performance and enteric gas emissions of dairy cows. Following a 2-wk covariate period, 45 Holstein cows averaging (±SD): 117 ± 64 DIM and 45 ± 8 kg/d milk yield (MY) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a 9-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Cows were allowed the first 3 wk for adaptation to treatments and the last 6 wk were for data and sample collection. Treatments contained:13.7% CM (with 42.6% CP; CM diet), 12.1% LSBM (with 47.8% CP; LSBM diet), and 12.5% HSBM (with 46.1% CP; HSBM diet). Enteric CH₄ emission was measured using the GreenFeed system. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate the effect of replacing CM with ESBM and source of ESBM (i.e., LSBM vs. HSBM). Estimated MP supply was 9% below requirements for cows fed CM whereas MP requirements of the cows were met by the ESBM diets. Dry matter intake, ECM, and ECM feed efficiency (ECM/DMI) did not differ among treatments. Milk urea N was lower and fat concentration was higher in cows fed CM compared with ESBM. When compared with ESBM, milk fat yield and milk true protein (MTP) content tended to be increased in cows fed the CM diet. In addition, MTP tended to be decreased in cows fed HSBM, compared with LSBM. Daily CH₄ emission and emission intensity and yield were not affected by diet. Ruminal molar proportions of propionate decreased, whereas molar proportions of acetate and acetate-to-propionate ratio increased, and isobutyrate and valerate tended to decrease with HSBM, compared with the LSBM diet. Total-tract digestibility of nutrients was not different between the CM and ESBM diets. When compared with cows fed the LSBM diet, apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and starch were decreased in cows fed the HSBM diet. Urinary urea N excretion was greater in cows fed ESBM relative to CM, whereas fecal N excretion was increased by the HSBM diet compared with LSBM. This study indicates that substituting CM with ESBM on an equal CP basis does not alter lactational performance in dairy cows. Additionally, using ESBM produced at higher extrusion temperatures offered no apparent advantage in terms of lactational performance of dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 7","pages":"Pages 7127-7143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERPRETIVE SUMMARIES, JULY 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0022-0302(25)00439-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0022-0302(25)00439-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 7","pages":"Pages ix-xix"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant on the quality of fresh buffalo milk cheese during processing and storage.","authors":"Yan Yang, Mengyi Yu, Fubing Xing, Lu Zhang, Wenming Dong, Xuefeng Wang","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant on quality characteristics of fresh buffalo milk cheese during processing and storage. Sensory properties, pH, and total microbial counts of prepared cheeses remained within the normal quality range over the 21-d storage period. The residual coagulant activity during cheese processing was significantly higher compared with that during storage on d 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, and 13. Cheese hardness significantly increased from d 1 to 7 of storage. Additionally, the rheological properties of elastic modulus (G') and viscous modulus (G\") were lower during processing than during storage. Moreover, a higher degree of proteolysis was observed in cheeses with increased residual coagulant activity during the early stages of storage, as demonstrated by the results of soluble nitrogen content at pH 4.6, total free amino acid content, and SDS-PAGE. Additionally, the peptide fraction from buffalo milk cheese with a molecular weight <10 kDa during early storage (d 1 to 5) exhibited higher antioxidant, bacteriostatic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential application of M. oleifera seed milk coagulant in buffalo milk cheese production.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of milk fat globules replacement with emulsified canola oil droplets on the composition, structure, texture, sensory properties and lipid oxidation of fresh soft rennet cheese.","authors":"Mirosław M Kasprzak, Dorota Najgebauer-Lejko, Agnieszka Pluta-Kubica, Katarzyna Turek, Jacek Domagała, Tomasz Pawel Czaja","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study was to improve the nutritional quality of fresh soft rennet cheese by replacing milk fat with canola oil. The structure matrices of soft rennet cheese with 50% and 100% of milk fat replacement by canola oil were designed resulting in an analog 50% and 100%, respectively. Before the formulation, the canola oil was encapsulated by whey protein as a lipid carrier. A control cheese was produced with 3% of milk fat with a volume moment mean, D_[4,3] of 4.25 µm, while the analog 100% was manufactured with 3% of canola oil with D_[4,3] of 4.62 µm. The analog 50% was fabricated with 1.5% of milk fat and 1.5% canola oil, with D_[4,3] of 4.87 µm. Analogs and cheese resulted in a lipid content of 17.50 - 18.76%, and droplet size of 1.52 - 2.34 µm. Due to a high concentration of oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) in canola oil, the nutritional value, hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic ratio, atherogenic and thrombogenic indeces of analogs were significantly greater compared with their counterparts of cheese control. The incorporation of canola oil did not compromise in color, lipid oxidation, hardness, adhesiveness, springness, or cohesiveness in the fresh products. The overall quality of analog 50% was not significantly different to the cheese control, whereas its value reduced in analog 100%. This could be interconnected with the reduction of taste quality when canola oil incorporation increased. The study demonstrated the nutritional and structural potential of emulsion application but some sensory limitations in replacing milk fat lipids.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability of different sources and doses of zinc using stable isotopes in weaned male Holstein calves.","authors":"H A Tucker","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trace minerals are an important component of ruminant nutrition. Furthermore, understanding the bioavailability of various trace mineral sources is essential for accurate dietary formulation. The objective of this trial was to determine the suitability of stable isotopes as a marker of bioavailability and the bioavailability of zinc when provided in either an inorganic or organic form to ruminating Holstein calves. Eighteen weaned male Holstein calves were used in a randomized complete block design. Calves were fed a basal diet formulated to meet nutrient requirements, offered as a texturized starter on an individual basis. Calves were orally administered 0, 4, or 8 mg of Zn from 2 sources: ⁶⁷Zn sulfate (Zn-SO) and ⁷⁰Zn methionine hydroxy analog chelate (Zn-MHAC) as a pulse dose. Blood was collected via catheter before isotope administration and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 54, 60, and 72 h after isotope administration for determination of isotope enrichment. Calves were humanely euthanized 72 h after isotope administration, and target tissues were harvested, weighed, and sampled to determine isotope enrichment. No differences were observed in weight of target organs due to isotope dose, except for liver, which was elevated with 4 mg compared with 0 and 8 mg of Zn. With area under the curve for plasma Zn enrichment, effect of source was not significant, nor was there a significant interaction between source and isotope dose. The effect of isotope dose was significant, resulting in 8 mg being greater than 4 mg and 4 mg being greater than 0 mg for plasma Zn enrichment area under the curve. When enrichment of tissues was determined for all tissues harvested, Zn-MHAC resulted in significantly greater enrichment than Zn-SO for abomasum, duodenum, hoof, ileum, lung, omasum, reticulum, skin, spleen, and metatarsal bone, whereas heart tissue and microbial pellet tended to have greater enrichment for Zn-MHAC than Zn-SO. Provision of 8 mg of Zn resulted in significantly greater enrichment than 4 mg of Zn in all harvested tissues. Overall, this suggests that Zn-MHAC is absorbed to a greater extent than Zn-SO due to its ability to enrich the majority of sampled tissues at a greater level.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feeding dairy cows seaweed mixtures on feed intake, methane emission, milk production, and milk mineral and fatty acid composition.","authors":"C K Reynolds, D J Humphries, S Künzel, M Rodehutscord, S Lignou, C C Fagan, L Methven, G Norton, A Alzahrani, J Feldmann, N Desnica, H Gunnlaugsdottir, Á H Pétursdóttir","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been much recent research interest in the potential of macroalgae (seaweed) as a methane-suppressing feed supplement for ruminants, but there are numerous potential seaweed species available that have varying compositions of potentially beneficial or deleterious consequence. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding 3 mixtures of 3 seaweeds at levels within EU regulatory limits for ration iodine concentration on methane production and milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Forty lactating (204 ± 5.6 DIM) Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (10 per treatment) in blocks based on DIM, parity, BW, and milk yield. Treatments were a control TMR and 1 of 3 seaweed mixtures replacing TMR grass silage: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, and Asparagopsis taxiformis (AN, FV, and AT, respectively; 5:45:50 and 1.5 g/kg DM), AN and FV (AN:FV at 90:10 and 6.5 g/kg DM), or FV and AN (FV:AN at 90:10 and 17.5 g/kg DM). Cows were individually fed for ad libitum DMI in freestall housing and treatments continued for 7 wk, with daily measurements of milk yield and DMI and weekly measurements of milk composition. Methane emission was estimated using 2 GreenFeed head chambers in wk 5 to 7 of treatment, milk mineral concentrations were measured in wk 1 to 6, and milk FA composition was measured in wk 6. Feeding the AN:FV and FV:AN mixtures had no effect on methane emission (g/d) or yield (g/kg DMI), whereas cows fed AT (0.075% of DM) in combination with AN and FV tended to have a lower methane emission (9%) and methane yield (12%) than cows fed the control diet and lower (20%) methane intensity (g/kg ECM) than cows fed the AN:FV mixture. Cows fed all 3 seaweed mixtures had 1.7- to 2.2-fold higher milk iodine concentrations, which showed a week-by-treatment interaction, in that cows fed the AN:FV mixture had higher milk iodine concentrations in wk 3 and 5 of the study. Cows fed the AN:FV also had lower milk urea concentration, suggesting effects of AN or FV bioactive components on rumen protein degradation. Cows fed the AT:AN:FV mixture had lower concentrations of C18:3n6, and higher concentrations of C15:1 and C17:0, but there were no other effects of feeding seaweed on milk yield or composition. In conclusion, feeding a relatively small amount of AT (0.75 g/kg diet DM) with AN and FV reduced methane emission and yield by 9% and 12%, respectively, and there was no effect of feeding mixtures of AN and FV without AT. Feeding a higher level of AN with FV (5.85 g/kg DM) reduced milk urea concentration, suggesting inhibitory effects of phytotannins or other bioactive components on protein degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging dairy farming stakeholders in developing the Mooving Cows digital tool for practicing appropriate cow handling.","authors":"Jennifer M C Van Os, Nigel B Cook, Dominic Ledesma, Robert Cradock, Olufunmilola Abraham, Markus Brauer","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate handling of dairy cows improves animal welfare and milk production and reduces the risk of injury to cows and people. However, interacting with cows safely requires training to understand their natural behavior. Our objective was to develop, in collaboration with Wisconsin dairy farming stakeholders, an innovative tool for dairy farm staff to practice appropriate cow handling. We created and evaluated a prototype of Mooving Cows, a digital touchscreen game in which players practice moving cows in simulated dairy farm environments. The learning objectives were to understand how human actions affect safety and cow behavior, stress, and productivity. We conducted focus groups with dairy farm staff (3 groups in Spanish, n = 16; 2 groups in English, n = 4) and 3 English focus groups with decision-makers (n = 10) such as farm owners and managers, bilingual consultants, and veterinarians. First, the focus group participants completed questionnaires about their experiences with and perceptions of cow handling and professional training and then they played the game prototype individually. On average, participants indicated they felt fairly comfortable using mobile applications (scale: 1 = very comfortable, 5 = very uncomfortable; farm staff: 1.9 ± 1.2, mean ± SD, range = 1 to 5; decision-makers: 1.8 ± 1.0, range = 1 to 4). After playing the game prototype, participants engaged in recorded, facilitated discussions about their qualitative impressions of the game. The research team reviewed the transcriptions to identify action items for improving the final version of the game, then conducted an inductive codebook thematic analysis to summarize themes relating to the participants' impressions of the game. We incorporated participants' feedback into version 1.0 of the game and compiled their ideas for future versions of the game. Overall, participants indicated the game was entertaining and would be useful for job training, particularly for new hires with little cow-handling experience. The results from the qualitative evaluation of the game prototype by dairy farming stakeholders suggest that the game could be a relevant way for farm staff, especially new hires, to remain current with national standards and expectations for continuing education.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of storage time and temperature on the protein fraction of aseptic milk.","authors":"Joice Pranata, Dylan C Cadwallader, MaryAnne Drake, David M Barbano","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Milk was collected on 2 different processing dates (2 replicates) at a commercial aseptic milk processing facility immediately as containers came off the processing line. Milk was heat treated by direct steam injection (142°C for 3 s) with flash vacuum cooling. Half of the packages of 1% fat aseptic milk were cooled immediately in ice to 4°C, and half were cooled to 21°C; both were stored at these respective temperatures for 12 mo, and a new package was opened and analyzed monthly for 12 mo by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen fractions, particle size analysis for protein aggregation, visual observation of gelation, and SDS-PAGE to determine proteolytic damage to casein. Differences were found in rates of gelation at the 2 storage temperatures, but the end results of milk gelation were the same. Protein settling in the aseptic milk formed a gel layer that stuck to the bottom of the packages and caused the remaining liquid product poured from the containers to decrease in protein concentration with time of storage. Quantitative SDS-PAGE analysis did not show evidence of proteolysis from native milk proteases or heat-stable microbial proteases during product storage. Thus, nonproteolytic changes in the milk were responsible for age gelation of this product. Extensive heat-induced disulfide covalent binding of whey proteins to κ-casein occurred at the surface of the casein micelles, forming a larger, more hydrophilic covalently bonded κ-casein-whey protein complex on the surface of the casein micelles. Further increase in the hydrophilic character of this complex probably occurred due to thermally induced lactosylation of the whey proteins caused by UHT and the browning process. With storage time, the concentration of the highly hydrophilic κ-casein-whey protein complex increased in the serum phase of the milk, whereas the gel was enriched in the more hydrophobic α_s-casein and β-caseins.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic supplementation on growth performance and feed intake of dairy calves: A meta-analysis.","authors":"R Branco-Lopes, C Winder, M E Canozzi, Y S A Lopez, B Schmitz, N Silva-Del-Río","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on ADG, feed intake, and feed efficiency (FE) of dairy calves. A secondary objective was to assess outcomes stratified by probiotic type. Our study included quasirandomized and randomized controlled trials written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that assessed the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth of dairy calves. No restrictions were placed on the publication year. A total of 5,480 records were initially identified after conducting searches in Biosis, CAB Abstracts, Medline, Scopus, and the Dissertations and Theses Database. After applying inclusion criteria, 55 studies (56 trials) were included in the analysis. Multilevel random-effects models were fitted for a single dataset combining all trials regardless of probiotic type and for 4 datasets stratified by 4 probiotic types (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, and multiple genera probiotics). Meta-analyses showed that probiotic supplementation did not result in significant difference in FE compared with the control group (no treatment or placebo). Probiotic supplementation improved total DMI, starter intake, and ADG and tended to decrease milk intake. A meta-regression analysis indicated a significant association between starter intake and probiotic type and the duration of probiotic supplementation. Analyses by probiotic type revealed no significant effects on DMI or FE for Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomyces spp., or multiple genera probiotics, whereas Bacillus spp. showed no effect on DMI but a tendency to improve FE. Supplementation with Lactobacillus spp. and multiple genera probiotics tended to increase starter intake. Supplementation with Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased the ADG of calves, whereas Saccharomyces spp. and multiple genera probiotic supplementation did not yield significant differences. Substantial and significant heterogeneity was observed for most outcomes; thus, results must be interpreted carefully. Probiotics may be beneficial for enhancing DMI, starter intake, and ADG in dairy calves; however, current evidence remains limited due to high heterogeneity. Results of analyses by probiotic type should be interpreted carefully due to the limited number of studies per category. To develop appropriate recommendations, additional research is required to address the sources of heterogeneity in existing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}