Journal of Dairy Science最新文献

{"title":"Development of genomic predictions for heat tolerance in US Holstein cattle.","authors":"N Vukasinovic, M A Sánchez-Castro, D Gonzalez-Peña, A Kulkarni","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress (HS) represents a major threat to the overall welfare and performance of dairy cows; still, genetic evaluations for heat tolerance are not available to dairy producers in the United States. Zoetis has accumulated a large amount of data suitable for genetic and genomic evaluation for heat tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop genomic predictions for heat tolerance in US Holstein cattle using milk yield and conception at first service based on producer-recorded data coupled with publicly available weather information. Test-day (TD) milk yields and insemination records were available from 370 herds distributed across 30 states, spanning a 20-yr period (2001-2021). Weather data were extracted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database and used to calculate the daily temperature-humidity index (THI). Productive and reproductive records from each herd were merged with the THI data from the nearest weather station. After matching, about 83 million (M) TD milk records and over 6M inseminations were available for analysis. The effect of HS was modeled using a bivariate reaction norm linear model that assumed the negative impact of HS occurred at THI ≥70. The evaluation was conducted using the single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) methodology, applying the algorithm for proven and young animals. Over 2M genotyped animals were available. The model for conception at first service (CFS) included herd-year-season (HYS) of calving, parity, breeding type, and voluntary waiting period as fixed effects, whereas the additive genetic effect, the random regression on THI for HS genetic effect, the permanent environment, and the random regression on THI for the permanent environment effect were considered random. The model for milk yield included HYS, parity, and DIM classes as fixed effects and the same random effects as described for CFS. Heritabilities of the HS genetic components varied depending on THI, ranging from 0.17 to 0.47 for milk yield and from 0.08 to 0.55 for CFS as THI increased. Genetic correlations between additive genetic and HS-influenced genetic components were -0.29 and -0.05 for milk yield and CFS, respectively. To enable running evaluation in a commercial setting with very large number of genotypes within a reasonable time, the original threshold-linear model was changed to a bivariate linear model after performing a linear transformation of CFS. Two EBVs for heat tolerance were obtained, Milk_THI (expressed as change of daily milk yield in kg) and CFS_THI (expressed as the change of probability of conception) per unit increase of THI. Milk_THI ranged from -1.3 to 1.0 kg per day and unit of THI, and CFS_THI ranged from -6.2 to 5.3 percentage points. The range of EBV for both traits suggest potential to enhance heat tolerance in Holstein cows without negatively affecting milk production or fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of heat stress response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from dairy cows' stress phenotyped using bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin.","authors":"Nieve Komadan, Umesh K Shandilya, Angela Canovas, Bonnie A Mallard, Niel A Karrow","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress (HS) can affect gut barrier integrity, leading to a leaky gut and elevated enteric bacterial LPS endotoxin levels in the circulation. This LPS can induce systemic inflammation manifesting as the acute-phase response, which includes a febrile response that may compromise heat dissipation from the body during HS. To assess the effects of HS, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from dairy cows that were previously stress phenotyped based on their 4-h serum cortisol response to Escherichia coli LPS (200 ng/kg administered i.m.). After stress phenotyping, a population of dairy calves (n = 260), 8 high stress responder (HSR; +1 SD from the mean, >956.0 pg/mL), 11 middle stress responder (MSR; ± SD around the mean of 573.4 pg/mL), and 11 low stress responder (LSR; -1 SD from the mean, <190.8 pg/mL) stress-responding animals were selected for the study. The PBMC were later isolated and subjected to a heat shock challenge (HSC) in vitro at 42°C for 4 h then returned to 37°C where the control plates remained. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed, culture supernatants were collected to assess cytokine and chemokine secretion, and total RNA was extracted to assess candidate gene expression. There was a significant increase in the apoptosis of PBMC from the HSR and MSR, as compared with the LSR group post-HSC. However, there was a significant increase in necrosis in the LSR PBMC as compared with other groups following HSC. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, specifically IFN-γ, IL-8, and MCP-1, was influenced by HSC and different across treatment groups. Finally, there was a significant increase in the expression of HSP90 and HSP70 genes in HSC MSR PBMC compared with the CNT MSR PBMC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PBMC from variable stress-responding cows respond differently to the HSC. Future research is warranted to investigate if this phenotype can be used to improve the HS resilience of dairy cattle through selective breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partitioning of bromoform in dairy processing.","authors":"X Sang, S Linnenkugel, A J Fletcher","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-27313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-27313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bromoform is a halogenated compound of growing interest due to its potential to reduce methane emissions in dairy cows. This study investigated the partitioning behavior of bromoform during the processing of raw milk that was deliberately dosed with bromoform. Through a pilot-scale study and validated analytical methods, we quantified bromoform concentrations across various product and waste streams and calculated partition coefficients to assess its distribution. Our results showed that bromoform preferentially accumulated in fat-rich matrices, with its concentration closely correlated with the fat content of most product streams. In contrast, significant reductions in bromoform levels were observed in processes involving substantial liquid/gas mass transfer, such as evaporation during powder production. The study contributes to a better understanding of contaminant behavior in dairy processing and supports the development of safer and more sustainable production practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of infant formula-based powder containing milk fat globule membrane on the 4-kingdom cornerstone microbiota in the feces and the immune ability of suckling rats.","authors":"Zihan Xia, Yushi Jin, Han Sun, Congcong Guo, Haiyan Xu, Longfei Zhang, Chenchen Zhang, Chengran Guan, Hengxian Qu, Yujun Huang, Wenlong Ma, Jilong Feng, Ruixia Gu, Dawei Chen","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-27017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-27017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence demonstrates that the 4-kingdom intestinal microbiota (FKIM) play a critical role in improving the body's immune processes. Three batches of experiments were conducted to study the effects of infant formula-based powder (IFBP) containing milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), human milk oligosaccharides, and probiotics, respectively, on the FKIM of suckling rats, with the IFBP serving as the control. Compared with the control, 3 functional components could increase the body weight and improve the composition of FKIM. Notably, the abundance and number of cornerstone species across the FKIM in the feces of suckling rats supplemented with MFGM were significantly higher than those in the other groups, and the levels of immune factors in the serum were significantly increased. After MFGM intervention, the abundance of cornerstone species of 99 genera in the feces was significantly correlated with the levels of immune factors in the serum. Among the cornerstone species, there are 11 bacteria, 6 eukaryotes, 2 archaea, and 1 virus that serve as biomarkers to distinguish the fecal microbiota of suckling rats fed with IFBP containing and not containing MFGM. Milk fat globule membrane can improve immunity by regulating functional pathways such as NOD-like receptor signaling and primary immunodeficiency. Milk fat globule membrane can stabilize the cornerstone species in the suckling rats' feces and enhance their immune ability by modulating the intestinal cornerstone species related to serum immunity, and their functional pathways, providing a theoretical basis for developing infant formula with immune-regulating functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic parameters of mid-infrared-predicted methane production and its relationship with production traits in Walloon Holstein dairy cows.","authors":"H Atashi, Y Chen, K Wijnrocx, H Soyeurt, X Hubin, N Gengler","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic selection to reduce methane production from dairy cows may be an efficient way for reducing the impact of dairy production on climate change. In this study genetic parameters and genomic regions associated with 2 commonly used daily methane features (predicted daily methane emission [PME; g/d]), and log-transformed predicted methane intensity (LMI = log [PME/milk yield (kg)]) were investigated. The PME (g/d) data, predicted using routinely recorded milk mid-infrared spectra, collected between 2007 and 2023 on 285,530 first-parity (1,920,130 test-day records), 224,643 second-parity (1,516,843 test-day records), and 160,226 third-parity (1,072,725 test-day records) Holstein cows distributed in 1,520 herds in the Walloon region of Belgium were used. Data of 565,049 SNPs, located on 29 Bos taurus autosomes (BTA), on 7,375 animals (1,798 bulls) were used. Random regression test-day models were used to estimate genetic parameters through the Bayesian Gibbs sampling method. The SNP solutions were estimated through a single-step genomic BLUP approach. The proportion of genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNPs (with an average size of ∼212 kb) was calculated, and regions accounting for at least 1.0% of the total additive genetic variance were used to search for positional candidate genes. Mean (SD) daily PME per cow was 324.3 (66.88) g/d, 355.0 (68.75) g/d, and 367.1 (71.42) g/d, while the mean daily LMI was 2.64 (0.36), 2.61 (0.39), and 2.58 (0.40) for the first, second, and third lactation, respectively. Mean (SD) h² estimates for PME were 0.22 (0.05), 0.20 (0.05), and 0.21 (0.05) and for LMI were 0.25 (0.05), 0.23 (0.05), and 0.22 (0.05) in the first, second and third lactation, respectively. Average genetic correlations (SD) estimated between PME and LMI were 0.53 (0.04), 0.46 (0.12), and 0.43 (0.16) in the first, second, and third lactation, respectively. The genetic correlations estimated between PME and production traits, including milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), milk urea concentration (MU), and SCS, ranged from -0.12 (MY) to 0.42 (FP), -0.09 (MY) to 0.47 (FP), and -0.07 (MY) to 0.43 (FP) for the first, second, and third lactations, respectively. For LMI, the estimated genetic correlations ranged from -0.89 (MY) to 0.56 (FP), -0.91 (MY) to 0.55 (FP), and -0.90 (MY) to 0.50 (FP) for the first, second, and third lactations, respectively. Genome-wide association analyses identified 4 genomic regions (BAT1 144.38-144.47 Mb and BAT14 1.52-2.15 Mb, BAT14 2.19-2.57 Mb and BAT14 2.67 - 2.98 Mb) harboring genes including the SLC37A1 (BTA1), AHARPIN, MROH1, DGAT1, FAM83H, TIGD5, MROH6, NAPRT, GML, LYPD2, and JPK (BTA14) that were associated with the studied methane features. The findings of this study help to unravel the genomic background of methane emissions and can be used for the future implementation of genomic evaluation of methane emissions in Walloon Holstein cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction and classification of metritis and mastitis in Holstein cows using transition milk spectra under different modeling strategies.","authors":"D Lin, J A A McArt","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-26217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metritis and mastitis are common early-lactation diseases of dairy cows that reduce milk production. Early prediction enables timely intervention and management, yet no studies have investigated the ability of milk Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for predicting the onset and development of metritis or mastitis within the first 2 wk postpartum. Our study aimed to assess the potential of milk FTIR spectra for early detection of postpartum metritis and clinical mastitis and to describe their spectral variations as lactation advances and diseases progress. Holstein cows (n = 1,103) from a commercial dairy farm in Cayuga County, New York, were monitored through 14 DIM and classified as healthy (n = 784; no adverse health events) or as diagnosed with metritis (n = 57; diagnosis of metritis but not ketosis, displaced abomasum, or clinical mastitis within 14 DIM) or clinical mastitis (n = 72; diagnosis of clinical mastitis but not ketosis, displaced abomasum, or metritis within 14 DIM). We constructed models for predicting and classifying postpartum metritis and mastitis using pooled, multiblock, and single-day partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) strategies, assessed with repeated leave-one-out cross-validation and permutation tests. Across all modeling strategies, metritis was more distinguishable than mastitis, a pattern that corresponded with increasing fat and decreasing protein and lactose absorbance in transition milk from cows developing metritis. In the pooled strategy, models using spectra from DIM 1 to 7 achieved average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 79.4% for identifying metritis from healthy cows and 79.0% for distinguishing metritis from mastitis, whereas mastitis prediction reached only 60.7%. The multiblock and single-day PLS-DA models showed similarly strong performance for metritis (up to 79.2%) but failed to detect mastitis reliably. Furthermore, the added value of FTIR spectra for metritis prediction appeared contingent on sufficient sample size, as demonstrated by down-sampling experiments in the pooled strategy (with the down-sampled ratios of 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%), where models with spectral data outperformed those without only at or above 40% sampling. We conclude that transition milk FTIR spectra within the first 7 DIM showed disease-related signatures that may support early identification, although performance varied with sample size and modeling strategy, and multiherd validation is required to confirm generality and practical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phosphorus deprivation during the periparturient period on the phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in dairy cows.","authors":"Klaus Eder, Sarah M Grundmann, Jos F Brouwers, Lianne M van den Brink, Imke Cohrs, Walter Grünberg","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-27298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-27298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have shown that insufficient phosphorus supply in dairy cows during the transition period can lead to postparturient hemoglobinuria, which is associated with the development of anemia and is presumably a consequence of increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. The exact causes of this condition remain unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that phosphorus depletion in dairy cows during the transition phase leads to changes in the phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane, which may contribute to increased osmotic fragility. To test this hypothesis, an experiment with 18 healthy, multiparous, pregnant cows was conducted, in which cows received either a control diet with adequate phosphorus content (0.28% and 0.44% phosphorus in DM during the dry period and lactation, respectively, control group) or a diet with reduced phosphorus content (0.15% and 0.20% phosphorus in DM during the dry period and lactation, respectively, phosphorus depletion group) from 4 wk before expected calving until 4 wk postpartum. Blood samples were collected 2 wk before the expected calving date, as well as 1 and 4 wk postpartum. Erythrocyte membranes were isolated, and lipids were extracted for quantitative analysis of individual phospholipid species using liquid chromatography-MS. Phospholipid class contents (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine [PC], lyso-PC, and lyso-PE) were not affected by the treatment. Similarly, the mean carbon atom chain length and the mean number of double bonds in individual phospholipids were not affected by treatment. There were very few changes of the percentages of individual phospholipid species. The time of sampling had only minimal effect on phospholipid composition and the proportions of individual phospholipid species. In conclusion, these results indicate that moderate and transient dietary phosphorus deprivation does not alter the phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane. This suggests that phosphorus deprivation-induced periparturient hemoglobinuria is not caused by alterations in erythrocyte membrane lipid composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feeding colostrum volume at 6%, 8%, 10%, or 12% of birth body weight on efficiency of IgG absorption, gastric emptying, and postfeeding behavior in Holstein calves.","authors":"G Frederick, M Wieland, A Singh, R Ewing, M A Steele, H Somula, S Mann","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-27228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-27228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective was to evaluate how feeding colostrum at different volumes at the first feeding affects IgG absorption, gastric emptying, and calf behavior. Female Holstein calves (n = 88) were enrolled in a randomized block design to receive a single colostrum volume corresponding to 6%, 8%, 10%, or 12% of birth body weight (BBW). A subset of animals in 8 blocks (n = 32 calves) also received a gastric emptying marker acetaminophen (Ac) at a dose of 150 mg/kg metabolic body weight (BBW^0.75). Colostrum was administered within 2 h of birth via esophageal tube feeder. Blood samples were collected before (0 h) and 24 h after feeding. For the calves receiving Ac, plasma samples were also collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 48 h after feeding. Colostrum and 24-h serum IgG concentrations were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) was calculated from 24-h serum IgG concentrations. Plasma Ac concentration was determined using an enzymatic colorimetric assay, and the proportion of Ac remaining in the stomach (Ac_s) at 8 h was modeled. Audio and video recordings of calf behavior during the first 2 h after feeding were analyzed with a custom ethogram. Data analysis was performed using mixed models or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. Results are reported as LSM with 95% CI unless otherwise specified. The mean (range) BBW of calves was 40 (31.8-49.1) kg. Pooled colostrum had a median (range) Brix value of 24.2% (21.2%-29.6%) and IgG concentrations of 86.7 g/L (73.2-121.1 g/L). Calves in the 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% groups were fed median (range) colostrum volumes (L) of 2.3 (2.0-2.8), 3.1 (2.5-3.9), 4.0 (3.5-4.5), and 4.8 (4.2-5.6), respectively. The 24-h serum IgG concentrations (g/L) were lowest in the 6% group (28.8 [25.8-31.8]), increased to 37.4 (34.4-40.4) in the 8% group, and were highest in the 10% and 12% groups (41.1 [38.1-44.1] and 43.4 [40.4-46.4], respectively). Group differences were observed for AEA (%), which gradually declined with an increasing feeding rate and was highest in the 6% and 8% groups (47.8 [44.9-50.7] and 46.2 [43.3-49.0], respectively), declined to 41.0 (38.1-43.9) in the 10% group, and was lowest at 36.3 (33.5-39.2) in the 12% group. At 8 h, Ac_s (%) was 50.4 (43.8-57.0), 55.3 (49.2-61.5), 57.9 (51.8-64.0), and 65.5 (59.2-71.8) of the original dose in the 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% groups, respectively. Group differences in behavior were identified for kicking, a colic-like behavior, which was observed only in the 10% (n = 21 kicks total) and 12% (n = 40 kicks total) groups. Feeding a single colostrum meal equivalent to 8% or 10% of BBW within 2 h after birth offers a compromise in terms of IgG absorption, gastric emptying, and calf behavior. A larger volume (12% BBW) resulted in marginal improvement in serum IgG concentration, reduced AEA and gastric emptying, and was associated with increased colic-like behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of pair housing on dairy calf welfare and productivity.","authors":"Katarína Bučková, Ágnes Moravcsíková, Radka Šárová","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-26251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individual housing of dairy calves has received criticism due to animal welfare concerns. Therefore, it is important to provide researchers and practitioners with accurate and reliable scientific knowledge on alternative housing systems for dairy calves. Our objective was to critically evaluate the scientific knowledge on pair-housed dairy calves. The outcomes investigated were the performance, behavior, reactivity to stress, health, learning abilities, and emotional states of pair-housed calves. Primary research articles were found through targeted Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Agricola searches. Studies were included if peer-reviewed, published in English, based upon original data, and pair-housed calves were compared with individually housed calves. After applying the inclusion criteria, 48 articles were left. Most articles did not report differences in behavior of individually and pair-housed calves. Few exceptions included social behavior, behavioral reaction to husbandry procedures, and behavior in the human approach test. Social behavior tended to be better developed in pair-housed calves, which also showed more flexible behavioral reactions to several husbandry procedures. However, pair-housed calves interacted less with a human in the human approach test. We found no consistent evidence of impaired health or improved productivity, learning abilities, and emotional states in pair-housed calves. In conclusion, pair housing provides calves with more benefits than individual housing and improves or does not affect variables of a high value to the producer. We encourage research on longer-term effects of pair housing, such as social behavior or productivity of dairy cows, because the number of long-term studies is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in mozzarella cheese: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Roberto Condoleo, Maria Concetta Campagna, Aya Zarea, Pina Briganti, Linda D'Amici, Maria Francesca Iulietto","doi":"10.3168/jds.2025-26815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2025-26815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a sporadic but serious disease that poses significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Mozzarella cheese, a widely consumed fresh dairy product, may represent as a potential vehicle for this pathogen, primarily due to the risk of post-processing contamination. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at estimating the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in mozzarella cheese at the end of the manufacturing process. The literature search identified 13 studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria from international citation databases. Additionally, 10 years of data were retrieved from an Italian laboratory database, covering mozzarella samples tested in Italy and 2 studies from gray literature. In total, 16 studies were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis, and the pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in mozzarella was estimated at 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0-4.2) although a high heterogeneity among studies was observed (I² = 78%). Despite the detection of the pathogen in some studies, the concentration levels were below the limit of quantification, implying low levels of contamination. The results confirm that L. monocytogenes can occur in mozzarella, typically due to post-stretching cross-contamination. The findings underline the importance of implementing effective hygiene practices and highlight the need for further predictive microbiology models tailored to mozzarella's unique properties to better assess the consumer exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}