Journal of Dairy Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of a novel bacterial 6-phytase on nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows","authors":"R. García-González ,&nbsp;S. Ped ,&nbsp;G. Dusel ,&nbsp;C. Koch ,&nbsp;T. Christensen ,&nbsp;L. Marchal ,&nbsp;Y. Dersjant-Li","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25663","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Undigested P and N are excreted and contribute to the environmental effects of dairy farming. Degradation of phytate in the rumen has been shown to be high but variable, leading to incomplete phytate-P (PP) utilization and resultant antinutritional effects of phytate along the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the effect of a novel bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) on the apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) and excretion of DM, PP, P, CP, and NDF in lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned to 3 treatments with 16 cows per treatment in a randomized block design. Cows averaged 44.1 kg milk/d and 124 DIM at the experiment start. Diets were fed ad libitum as a TMR that was formulated to meet nutritional requirements, except for P, which was fed at 92% of the recommendation. Treatments comprised a control diet (CON) and the control diet supplemented with 2,000 or 5,000 phytase units/kg DM of PhyG. The experiment lasted for 19 d, including a 14-d diet adaptation period and a 5-d fecal collection period. Dry matter intake did not differ across treatments. The ATTD of PP in the CON group was 88.5%, indicating incomplete phytate degradation. The ATTD of ash, P, and CP increased linearly, whereas the ATTD of PP and NDF increased both linearly and quadratically with increasing PhyG dose. With PhyG at 5,000 phytase units per kg, the ATTD of PP, P, CP, and NDF increased by 9.2%, 13.7%, 4.1%, and 7.5% points above CON, respectively. Fecal excretion of ash, PP, P, and NDF were reduced linearly. Supplementation of PhyG also reduced excretion of PP quadratically, and CP excretion tended to be reduced linearly. Body weight and milk yield did not differ across treatments, but milk protein yield tended to increase linearly with increasing PhyG dose. The addition of PhyG to the diet of lactating dairy cows improved nutrient utilization and decreased nutrient excretion and could therefore contribute to reducing the environmental effects of dairy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3690-3699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy Foods: A Matrix for Human Health and Precision Nutrition—The relevance of a potential bioactive ingredient; The milk fat globule membrane","authors":"Leia Wilmot ,&nbsp;Celeste Miller ,&nbsp;Isha Patil ,&nbsp;Alan L. Kelly ,&nbsp;Rafael Jimenez-Flores","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25412","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a complex structure that surrounds the surface of fat globules in the milk of mammals. The MFGM is rich in bioactive compounds such as phospholipids, glycoproteins, and sphingolipids. Recent research highlights its important role in human health, particularly in infant nutrition, where it contributes to cognitive development, immune function, and gastrointestinal health. This review article examines the variability in commercial MFGM ingredients derived from dairy sources, detailing the impact of processes used to extrapolate the bioactive rich fractions from the MFGM. The potential applications of MFGM in food products, especially infant formulas, are emphasized, showcasing its ability to improve nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, the review discusses clinical studies that demonstrate the health benefits associated with MFGM supplementation, including enhanced cognitive performance and reduced incidence of infections in infants. Some of the underlying mechanisms behind the health-enhancing effects are elucidated in this review. Overall, this review underscores the importance of MFGM as a valuable bioactive ingredient in promoting health and development in early life nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3109-3134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed efficiency and resilience in dairy ewes subjected to a nutritional challenge","authors":"E. Barrio ,&nbsp;P. Frutos ,&nbsp;N.C. Friggens ,&nbsp;P.G. Toral ,&nbsp;G. Hervás","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25619","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is currently uncertain how selection of more efficient animals might affect other traits such as resilience (which, in this context, is defined as the ability of an animal to sustain or revert quickly to its previous production level and health status after a disturbance), especially in small ruminants. However, improving, or at least maintaining, resilience is of utmost importance to ensure livestock production in the face of external perturbances, which are expected to become more prevalent in the near future due to climate change and global instability. This study was conducted to investigate whether a nutritional challenge consisting of animals receiving only 70% of their voluntary feed intake (DMI) for 26 d, might differentially affect the response of high and low feed efficiency (FE) in sheep. To meet this aim, residual feed intake (RFI), as a proxy of FE, was calculated in 40 lactating ewes fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. Using the RFI values, the ewes with the highest (H-FE; n = 8) and the lowest (L-FE; n = 8) FE were selected and subjected to the nutritional challenge. After the feed restriction, all sheep were again fed ad libitum for a further 25 d. Temporal patterns of variation in animal performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood and milk metabolites in response to, and recovery from, the underfeeding were examined in H-FE versus L-FE. More efficient ewes (H-FE) tended to eat less than less efficient ewes (L-FE) for the same level of production. Linear regressions for DMI and milk yield data showed that time-series response to the challenge was comparable in L-FE and H-FE. Despite temporal changes due to underfeeding, both FE divergent groups displayed a similar response to, and recovery from, the challenge with no significant differences in the temporal patterns of variation of the parameters analyzed, except for a tendency to higher plasma glucose in the L-FE ewes. These results challenge the general hypothesis that more efficient animals would be less resilient, but further research is still needed on the relationship and possible trade-offs between high efficiency and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3529-3543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of differential somatic cell count for udder health monitoring: Association of differential somatic cell count and somatic cell score with quarter-level milk yield and milk components","authors":"Mariana Fonseca ,&nbsp;Daryna Kurban ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Roy ,&nbsp;Débora E. Santschi ,&nbsp;Elouise Molgat ,&nbsp;Simon Dufour","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25402","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastitis is the most common disease affecting dairy cattle and is associated with substantial milk loss. Somatic cell count has been widely used as an indicator of udder inflammation (e.g., subclinical mastitis). More recently, differential somatic cell count (DSCC) has become available as an auxiliary tool for milk quality control, with the potential to indicate different stages of inflammation when combined with SCC. This paper aimed to investigate the association of SCS and DSCC with milk yield and milk components at the quarter level. A convenience sample of 5 dairy herds using an automated milking system (AMS) was selected and visited every other week for milk sample collection. Fat, protein, and lactose content were analyzed at Lactanet (Canadian Network for Dairy Excellence, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada) by mid-infrared spectroscopy using a MilkoScan FT6000. Determination of SCC and DSCC was also performed by Lactanet using a CombiFoss 7 DC instrument. Milk yield data were retrieved from the AMS. Given the hierarchical structure of the data, a linear mixed model was built with either milk yield or milk components as the outcomes. The results showed that elevated SCS, in combination with lower proportions of DSCC, was associated with the highest milk loss for primiparous and multiparous cows. For instance, the estimated milk loss for a quarter with a SCS of 7 and a DSCC of 55% was 1.45 kg/d compared with a quarter with a SCS of 2 and DSCC of 65% in multiparous cows. The association was similar when the outcome was the lactose content. Quarters with elevated SCS and lower DSCC had the lowest lactose percentage. No notable changes in fat content were observed across different SCS levels in multiparous cows, and quarters with higher DSCC had the lowest fat percentage in primiparous and multiparous cows. Protein content tended to be lower in quarters with increased SCS and low DSCC. In quarters from primiparous cows with DSCC levels above 70%, protein content showed slight variation across SCS levels. For multiparous cows, however, protein content remained relatively stable across different SCS and DSCC levels. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the combination of elevated SCS and low DSCC was associated with the most substantial milk loss. These results could be used to optimize udder health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3900-3916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bacterial intracellular and secreted proteins produced in milk versus medium for Escherichia coli by proteomic analysis","authors":"Qiyue Sun ,&nbsp;Yanxin Li ,&nbsp;Hongning Jiang ,&nbsp;Qijing Du ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Rongbo Fan ,&nbsp;Rongwei Han ,&nbsp;Yongxin Yang","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25843","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth and reproduction of microorganisms are dependent on nutrient supply. Here, milk and Luria-Bertani (LB) media were used as nutrition sources for <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and the changes in bacterial and secretory proteins at 3 time points (3, 9, and 18 h) in the growth cycle were studied using a label-free proteomics technique. The findings revealed that the abundances of bacterial intracellular proteins inosine/xanthosine triphosphatase and universal stress protein F increase dramatically during the growth phase in milk and LB media. In terms of secretory proteins, RNase PH and tyrosine-tRNA ligase abundance increased dramatically, and outer membrane protein X and outer membrane protein C abundance decreased significantly from 3 to 18 h in both milk and LB media. Several bacterial intracellular and secretory proteins showed media-dependent changes, including hydrogenase-2 and s-adenosylmethionine synthase, which were only found in the LB medium. In contrast, DNA polymerase III subunit α and cold shock-like protein CspD (CspD) were discovered only in milk. The 2 media shared the differential abundance of proteins involved in small molecule binding and small molecule metabolic process pathways. The differentially expressed intracellular proteins of <em>E. coli</em> cultured in milk were associated with membrane trafficking and signal transduction pathways. The findings improve our understanding of changes in <em>E. coli</em> bacterial intracellular proteins and secretory proteins in response to nutritional stimuli, as well as provide a new perspective and foundation for investigating its adaptive mechanisms in a variety of environments, potentially leading to better prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3354-3365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yak milk inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing TRPV5 expression","authors":"Torkun Mamet ,&nbsp;Jingru Yang ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanping Guo ,&nbsp;Zhongkai Zhao","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25607","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yak milk is a potential nutrient for improving osteoporosis. However, the effect of yak milk on the expression of Ca²⁺ion channel TRPV5 during osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. This study used ruthenium red as a control to investigate the effect of yak milk on osteoclast differentiation and activity. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and bone resorption pit experiments showed that yak milk inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, yak milk can inhibit osteoclast activity by inhibiting the expression of TRPV5. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot results also exhibited that yak milk significantly decreased the expression of <em>TRPV5</em> and <em>calbindin-D_28k</em> mRNA and protein in osteoclasts. These results suggest that yak milk inhibits nuclear factor-κβ ligand-receptor activator-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity in RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing the expression level of <em>TRPV5</em> and <em>calbindin-D_28k</em> mRNA and protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3142-3150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-spore-forming thermoduric bacteria vary considerably in thermal resistance in milk media between strains from the same genus","authors":"Caroline Motzer,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann,&nbsp;Nicole Martin","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25598","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoduric bacteria, defined as those that survive temperatures considerably above their maximum growth temperature, are enumerated in milk using the laboratory pasteurization count (LPC) test. This test selects for bacteria that show limited cell count reductions under vat pasteurization conditions (i.e., 63°C for 30 min); however, this test has limitations. One limitation of the LPC is that the test selects for a broad group of thermoduric bacteria, many of which are not reported to survive HTST pasteurization, the most commonly used pasteurization method in the United States. There are 2 distinct groups of thermoduric bacteria that can affect milk quality if implicated in finished product: spore-forming and non-spore-forming. Contemporary studies have primarily focused on spore-forming bacteria, leaving a gap in research regarding non-spore-forming thermoduric bacteria. Therefore, the goals of this study were to (1) assemble a set of non-spore-forming thermoduric bacteria previously isolated from heat-treated dairy matrices and (2) use that set to identify one or more laboratory enumeration method(s) that select for thermoduric bacteria relevant to contemporary HTST-treated dairy products. To that end, a set of 38 isolates of non-spore-forming thermoduric bacteria were inoculated into skim milk broth and independently subjected to 4 different heat treatments (A: 63°C for 30 min, B: 65°C for 15 min, C: 68°C for 7 min, and D: 70°C for 5 min), followed by plating using 2 different media types (standard methods agar [SMA] and aerobic count Petrifilms [AC Petrifilms; Neogen, Lansing, MI]), each of which were incubated at 32°C and enumerated after 3 different incubation periods (24, 48, and 72 h). Results from each unique method were compared with the standard method (i.e., LPC test). Results indicate that AC Petrifilms overestimate cell count reductions for some genera, suggesting that AC Petrifilm may not be an appropriate medium for enumerating these genera. Heat treatment D (i.e., 70°C for 5 min) showed a trend for higher reduction in cell counts compared with heat treatment A (i.e., standard method) and 48 h incubation allowed enough time for bacterial recovery. Therefore, we propose the evaluation of heat treatment D (i.e., 70°C for 5 min), followed by plating with SMA and incubation of 48h at 32°C in future studies of naturally contaminated milk. Our results also suggest that there is considerable variability in thermal resistance among isolates of the same genus. These phenotypic differences may be driven by yet unknown genotypic features that should be further examined. Ultimately, this study provides an update to the existing knowledge of non-spore-forming thermoduric bacteria and future studies should focus on evaluating non-spore-forming thermoduric bacteria in naturally contaminated dairy products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3404-3418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical factors affecting estimation of nitrogen balance of dairy cattle in climate respiration chambers","authors":"K. Nichols ,&nbsp;S.J.J. Alferink ,&nbsp;T. Zandstra ,&nbsp;M.J.W. Heetkamp ,&nbsp;J. Dijkstra","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25901","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25901","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nitrogen retention is often overestimated when calculating N balance of dairy cattle. This study determined whether different N analysis methods (Kjeldahl [KJEL] or elemental analysis [EA]) and sample collection and storage protocols when using climate respiration chambers (CRC) affected the estimation of N intake, milk N secretion, manure N excretion, volatile N appearance, and N retention. Twenty-eight Holstein-Friesian cows were housed in CRC for a 4-d measurement period. Nitrogen intake was estimated using individual forages (corn silage and grass silage) and mixtures of forages sampled before or after storage at 4°C. Total N content of forages was the sum of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N content in wet samples and N content in dry samples analyzed by KJEL and EA. Nitrogen content in dry concentrate samples was analyzed by KJEL and EA. Secretion of N in milk was based on N content in wet samples analyzed by KJEL and EA. Manure N excretion was based on the N content of wet manure samples with and without acid preservative analyzed by KJEL and EA. Volatile N consisted of N in condensed water from the CRC heat exchanger analyzed by KJEL, and aerial N. Aerial N was determined using an NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; sensor or acid trap analyzed by KJEL. Volatile N was quantified during the 4-d measurement period (cow phase), CRC cleaning (cleaning phase), and between CRC cleaning and the next 4-d measurement period (postcleaning phase). Nitrogen content, with and without accounting for NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N, was higher in dry silage samples when analyzed using EA compared with KJEL. Nitrogen intake was higher when forages were analyzed by EA but was not affected by forage source (individual forages or forage mixtures pre- or poststorage) or interaction between forage source and N analysis method. Nitrogen analysis method did not affect the N content of milk or manure. Acid addition to manure samples did not affect N content on a wet basis but tended to increase the DM content of manure such that N content on a DM basis was lower in acid-preserved samples. There was no effect of aerial N analysis method (acid trap or NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; analyzer) and no interaction between volatile N measurement phase and N analysis method on volatile N appearance. Nitrogen retention was lower when samples were analyzed using KJEL compared with EA (19 and 36 g/d, respectively), attributed to the lower N content of forages when analyzed with KJEL. The measurement phase used for estimating volatile N production did not affect N retention. Overall, N analysis method of forages affects the estimation of N intake but may be less important for milk and manure in terms of the effect on N retention. When using CRC to quantify volatile N, an acid trap or NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; analyzer for aerial N can be used with similar outcomes. Although N analysis by KJEL resulted in lower N retention relative to EA, this may be artificial if KJEL underestimates N content of forages. Overestimation of N retention was not ","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3659-3672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pasteurization on set yogurt fortified with astaxanthin-rich yolk: Evaluation of physicochemical properties, stability, and biological activity","authors":"Ziwei Li,&nbsp;Tiehua Zhang,&nbsp;Runhao Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang,&nbsp;Jinru Ren,&nbsp;Mengxue Diao","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26012","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-26012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pasteurization usually has a large influence on yogurt and astaxanthin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 3 pasteurization methods, including low-temperature, long-time treatment at 63°C for 30 min (LTLT-1) and 65°C for 30 min (LTLT-2), and high-temperature, short-time treatment at 75°C for 15 s (HTST), on the physicochemical properties, stability, and biological activity of set yogurt fortified with astaxanthin-rich yolk. The results showed that the LTLT-2 group had a higher astaxanthin retention, with no significant difference from the LTLT-1 group. The in vitro digestion results also confirmed that LTLT-2 had a high free radical scavenging capacity. Temperatures between 63°C and 65°C are within a safe range for preventing significant heat degradation of astaxanthin. Over the 21-d storage period, LTLT-2 significantly outperformed LTLT-1 and HTST regarding texture and particle size. This work demonstrates that the pasteurization conditions of 65°C for 30 min could be used to prepare a functional set yogurt with stable quality and antioxidant activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3499-3514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the relationships among technological properties of sheep individual animal factors, milk composition, and minerals using generalized additive mixed models","authors":"Giorgia Stocco ,&nbsp;Claudio Cipolat-Gotet ,&nbsp;Andrea Summer ,&nbsp;Francesco Tiezzi ,&nbsp;Simone Blotta ,&nbsp;Alessio Negro ,&nbsp;Bianca Castiglioni ,&nbsp;Stefano Biffani","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25846","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25846","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The dairy sheep industry faces ongoing challenges in optimizing cheese production and enhancing efficiency across different breeds. This study provides crucial insights into how breed-specific factors, lactation stages, parity, and milk composition, including mineral concentrations, affect cheese yield and nutrient recovery in the curd. The aims of this study were to characterize individual sheep milk samples for cheesemaking efficiency by measuring 3 cheese yield traits (%CY; fresh curd, TS, and water retained) and 5 nutrient recovery traits (%REC; fat, protein, lactose, TS, and energy) and to examine how these traits change throughout the lactation, considering different sheep breeds, parities, and variations in milk composition and mineral concentrations. A total of 760 ewes from Massese and Comisana breeds were sampled during the morning milking at the National Association of Sheep Breeders nucleus farm (Tuscany, Italy). The application of generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) was a key element of this study, enabling a more nuanced analysis of complex relationships and nonlinear trends. The GAMM accounted for variations in breed and parity, which were included as parametric terms, as well as milk minerals, rennet coagulation time (RCT), sampling day, and interactions between DIM and milk yield (MY), fat and casein, and Ca and P, which were treated as smooth terms. This approach provided insights that would have been difficult to capture with traditional linear models. Results evidenced breed and parity-specific variations. Indeed, the Massese had overall lower cheesemaking efficiency compared with the Comisana ewes, and primiparous ewes had higher percentages of both %CY and %REC traits. The interaction between DIM × MY was less significant in the Comisana breed compared with the Massese, with notable effects only on protein and lactose recovery in the Comisana. The interaction between fat × casein was also breed specific and affected with different extent and patterns the cheesemaking traits between the 2 breeds. Longer RCT increased the water retained in the curd and reduced the recovery of TS and the individual recovery rates of the main milk components in both breeds. The effect of Ca × P was not always linear on the cheesemaking traits and between breeds. Overall, an increase of both Ca and P was associated with higher %CY and %REC, except for the recovery of fat and energy. High Na and Cl were detrimental for the cheesemaking process in both breeds, whereas the destabilizing effect of K was particularly notable on the fresh curd, curd TS and the recovery of protein from the Massese milk. These findings highlight that sheep breed and parity, alongside specific milk components and mineral concentrations, significantly affect cheesemaking efficiency, with important differences between the Massese and Comisana breeds. Efficient cheesemaking requires careful consideration of mineral concentrations, especially in terms of Ca, P,","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 4","pages":"Pages 3334-3353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}