Journal of Dairy Science最新文献

{"title":"Systemic and mammary inflammation and mammary gland development of Holstein dairy cows around dry-off and calving","authors":"J. Gao ,&nbsp;T.N. Marins ,&nbsp;J.O.S. Calix ,&nbsp;Z. Qi ,&nbsp;C.G. Savegnago ,&nbsp;A.M. Roper ,&nbsp;M.W. Woldemeskel ,&nbsp;J.K. Bernard ,&nbsp;S. Tao","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25279","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated systemic and mammary inflammation and the immune cell population and developmental pattern of the mammary gland in Holstein dairy cows transitioning from late lactation to the dry period (LTD, n = 6) and from the dry period to early lactation (DTL, n = 7). All cows were healthy and free of mastitis at enrollment. Mammary biopsies, milk or mammary secretions, and blood samples were collected on d −7, 3, 7, and 15 relative to dry-off and on d −8, 3, 7, and 21 relative to calving. After dry-off, LTD cows had increased circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen, suggesting upregulated inflammation. Protein, SCS, and SNF contents in milk or mammary secretions increased during the early dry period but decreased after calving. In contrast, lactose concentrations in mammary secretions decreased in the early dry period and increased following calving. Skim milk concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10, and haptoglobin increased following dry-off. Consistently, mammary tissue mRNA expression of <em>IL1B</em> and <em>IL10</em> tended to increase on d 7 and 15 following dry-off, respectively. After calving, mammary alveolar and total cells had higher apoptosis rates. Mammary alveolar, stromal, and total cell proliferation rates peaked on d 7 after dry-off in mammary tissue collected from LTD cows and were greater in the late dry period than early lactation. Mammary mRNA expression of <em>HGF</em> increased on d 7 and 15 after dry-off. Mammary tissue collected in the late dry period had greater gene expression of IGF1, IGF2, PRLR than that collected in early lactation. Mammary tissues collected in the early dry period had greater percentages of CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD172a+ macrophages, and neutrophils than tissues collected during late lactation. Mammary tissues collected in early lactation had greater percentages of CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes, and CD172a+ macrophages than tissue collected in the late dry period. In conclusion, dairy cows experienced upregulated systemic and mammary inflammation during the early dry period, which warrants further research to elucidate its effect on mammary development. Our data also suggested that the increased mammary growth during the late gestation and early dry periods was mediated by different mechanisms. The concurrent increases in immune cell infiltration and mammary cell proliferation in the mammary gland following dry-off suggest an association between mammary immune responses and growth during the early dry period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 2090-2110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on neonatal calf diarrhea when administered at a disease alert generated by automated milk feeders","authors":"A. Welk ,&nbsp;M.C. Cantor ,&nbsp;H.W. Neave ,&nbsp;J.H.C. Costa ,&nbsp;J.L. Morrison ,&nbsp;C.B. Winder ,&nbsp;D.L. Renaud","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25413","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25413","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to assess whether early intervention with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) following a disease alert generated by automated milk feeders could reduce diarrhea severity and improve performance in dairy calves. A total of 71 Holstein calves were enrolled on an automated milk feeder (recorded milk intake and drinking speed) at 3 d of age and received up to 15 L/d (150 g/L) of milk replacer until 35 d of age. An alert that was previously validated as diagnostically accurate to identify calves at risk for diarrhea was used using automated milk feeder data (≤60% rolling dividends in milk intake or drinking speed over 2 d). At their first alert, calves were randomly allocated to receive a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim) at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg of BW (NSAID) or an equal volume of saline as a placebo control (CON). Fecal consistency was scored daily, and calves were diagnosed with diarrhea when they had loose feces for ≥2 d or watery feces for ≥1 d. Body weight was recorded at birth and weekly thereafter. A subset of calves (n = 32) were fitted with IceQube pedometers at 3 d of age to measure activity behaviors (lying time and step count). Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the association of study treatment with the duration of diarrhea after the alert and to evaluate the association of study treatment with milk intake, drinking speed, lying time, overall activity for 5 d following the alert, and ADG for 3 wk following the alert. On average, calves triggered an alert at (mean ± SD) 9.3 ± 2.3 d of age and were diagnosed with diarrhea at 9.6 ± 2.1 d of age. Diarrhea duration was similar between treatments (NSAID: 2.85 vs. CON: 2.94 ± 0.37 d), as were feeding behaviors (milk intake [NSAID: 8.2 vs. CON: 8.1 ± 0.4 L/d] and drinking speed [NSAID: 0.38 vs. CON: 0.37 ± 0.02 min/L]). Treatment was also not associated with ADG for the 3 wk after the alert (NSAID: 0.97 vs. CON: 0.97 ± 0.06 kg/d). However, calves provided an NSAID had reduced odds of being treated with electrolytes (odds ratio = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10–0.98). In addition, calves provided an NSAID spent less time lying (NSAID: 17.64 vs. CON: 18.17 ± 0.19 h/day) and performed more steps over the 5 d following the alert (NSAID: 789.1 vs. CON: 628.0 steps/d), suggesting that CON calves may have been more lethargic. Overall, providing an NSAID at the time of a diarrhea alert did not affect diarrhea duration, feed intake, or growth. However, providing an NSAID increased activity in the 5 d following the alert, which may have reduced pain and symptoms of lethargy, indicating a milder response to the disease. We suggest that providing an NSAID at the time of diarrhea alert had little benefit on the calf; however, further work is needed to understand behaviors associated with malaise and pain in calves with diarrhea as well as the efficacy of NSAID under different management conditi","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1842-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multiomics approach and pathological analyses provide new insights into hepatic injury and metabolic alterations in Saanen goats after dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1","authors":"Donghua Su ,&nbsp;Jing Peng ,&nbsp;Jingjing Hao ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu ,&nbsp;Shengli Li ,&nbsp;Haitao Shi","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25430","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the toxicity and metabolic mechanisms of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in ruminants can help to develop strategies to prevent or reduce the transfer of the toxin and its metabolites to milk and meat. This study aimed to explore the effects of 3 concentrations of dietary AFB₁ (0, 50, and 500 μg/kg) on hepatic injury and metabolism in Saanen goats via histological examination, western blot analysis, as well as integrated multiomics techniques. Eighteen Saanen goats were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments and the AFB₁ challenge lasted for 14 d. Results showed that the liver tissue was enlarged and the relative organ index of the liver was linearly increased with elevated AFB₁ levels. The hepatocyte apoptosis rate was significantly increased after AFB₁ exposure, and the western blotting results revealed that both the external apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway might be involved in AFB₁-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. We identified 251, 269, and 154 significant differentially expressed genes (DEG) and 340, 596, and 127 significant differential metabolites in comparisons between the control (CON; 0 μg/kg) and low-dose (LO; 50 μg/kg) groups, the CON and high-dose (HI; 500 μg/kg) groups, and the LO and HI groups, respectively. The DEG annotated were mainly involved in the cell part, cell, single-organism process, cellular process, binding, and other functional categories. The identified metabolites primarily belonged to glycerophospholipids, prenol lipids, carboxylic acids, and derivatives. Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that glycerophospholipids metabolism and choline metabolism in cancer were the most affected pathways related to AFB₁ exposure. The identified differential metabolites, DEG, and pathways might have played a crucial role in the hepatic injury induced by AFB₁ in goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1431-1450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance of neonatal Holstein heifers fed acidified waste milk containing essential oil blend and encapsulated butyrate alone or in combination","authors":"Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Zhihao Luo ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Shuru Cheng ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhu ,&nbsp;David.P. Casper","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25333","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research demonstrated the growth-promoting benefits of an essential oil and oligosaccharide blend (Stay Strong, Ralco, Inc.; EO) or an encapsulated sodium butyrate (C4; Ultramix GF, Adisseo, Inc.) fed to neonatal calves. The possibility exists that these technologies may be additive based on their individual mechanisms of action. The study objective was to evaluate EO and C4 alone or in combination when fed to Holstein heifers raised on a commercial Chinese dairy operation. Sixty-four heifers were blocked by calving day and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (n = 16/treatment) using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: (1) Control: CON; milk fed 3×/d; (2) EO added to the milk at the rate of 1.50 g/d per head; (3) C4 added to the milk at 1.70 g/d per head; and (4) E4: EO and C4 added to the milk at the rates of 1.50 and 1.70 g/d per head, respectively. Heifers were fed acidified waste milk using an increasing- and decreasing-phase feeding program with weaning on d 56 for a 70-d experiment. Heifer birth weight was a significant covariate with heifers fed EO, C4, and E4, demonstrating greater BW (42.4, 47.0, 46.6, and 48.0 kg for CON, EO, C4, and E4, respectively) gains and ADG (605.0,672.5, 665.7, and 686.7 g/d, respectively) compared with heifers fed CON. Calf starter intake (0.558, 0.584, 0.692, and 0.624 kg/d, respectively) was greater for heifers fed C4 compared with heifers fed CON, with heifers fed EO and E4 being intermediate and similar. Feed conversions (0.439, 0.480, 0.444, and 0.477 kg/kg, respectively) were greater for calves fed EO and E4 compared with calves fed CON. Total days of fecal score = 0 was greater for heifers fed EO and lowest for heifers fed E4, with heifers fed CON and C4 being intermediate. Gains in body length and hip width were greater for heifers fed EO compared with heifers fed CON, C4, and E4. Total-tract apparent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibility was greater in heifers fed EO and C4, intermediate for heifers fed E4, and lowest for heifers fed CON. Heifers fed EO demonstrated lower fecal <em>Salmonella</em> counts compared with heifers fed CON, C4, and E4. Heifers fed EO and C4 demonstrated greater blood serum total volatile fatty acid concentrations (9.75, 12.91, 11.22, 10.89 µ<em>M</em>, respectively, for CON, EO, C4, and E4) compared with heifers fed CON, with heifers fed E4 being intermediate and similar. Heifers fed EO, C4, and E4 demonstrated greater growth performance, but the combination of EO and C4 did not further improve growth performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1509-1526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice white grease used for manufacturing a protein-encapsulated fat blend source for neonatal calves","authors":"David P. Casper ,&nbsp;Mark F. Scott","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25509","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein-encapsulated fat (PEF) blends are routinely used for manufacturing calf milk replacers (MR). The use of PEF blends improves fat mixability to ensure MR when mixed and fed as a homogeneous solution for neonatal calves. A new alternative PEF based on choice white grease (CWG) has been developed to improve its mixability and solubility to ensure a homogeneous MR solution. The alternative PEF is hypothesized to support similar growth performance (ADG, DMI, and feed efficiency) of neonatal calves and potentially reduce costs. The study objective was to evaluate CWG PEF as an alternative to a standard animal lard–tallow (ALT) PEF blend to mix a MR to be fed to Holstein calves. A total of 40 Holstein bull calves (2–5 d old) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (n = 20/treatment) using a randomized complete block design. The treatments were (1) CWG used to manufacture a PEF blend, and (2) ALT used to manufacture a PEF blend. The PEF blends were then used to manufacture 2 experimental MR. Both MR were formulated to contain a ratio of 22% CP to 20% fat with Met, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val AA specifications, and fed twice per day along with ad libitum 22% CP mini-pelleted calf starter (CS) and water. The MR were fed at 15% solids at 0630 and 1800 h, fed at 0.567 kg/d for d 1 to 14, increased to 0.85 kg/d for d 15 to 35, and reduced to once per day at 0.425 kg/d for d 36 to 42 to facilitate weaning at 42 d with ad libitum CS fed for the remainder of the 56-d study. Calves fed CWG and ALT PEF blends were similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.10) in BW gain (37.4 and 35.9 kg for CWG and ALT, respectively), ADG (679.8 and 652.7 g/d), CS DMI intake (0.69 and 0.67 kg/d), total DMI (1.19 and 1.17 kg/d) and feed conversion (0.559 and 0.543 kg/kg). No significant differences were detected in frame gains and fecal scores among treatments. Choice white grease can be used to manufacture a PEF blend for use in manufacturing MR for feeding neonatal calves by maintaining growth performance and health at potentially lower cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1527-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoacid supplementation influences feed sorting, chewing behaviors, and enteric methane emissions differentially in mid-lactation dairy cows depending on dietary forage level","authors":"M.R.A. Redoy ,&nbsp;S. Ahmed ,&nbsp;M. Bulnes ,&nbsp;D.H. Kleinschmit ,&nbsp;M.E. Uddin","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25370","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Past studies have shown that isoacids (ISO) improve dairy cow performance, with effects varying based on dietary forage levels, leading us to speculate that ISO supplementation may also differentially affect enteric methane (CH₄) emissions depending on dietary forage levels. Therefore, our primary objective was to examine the effects of ISO supplementation on enteric CH₄ emissions in lactating dairy cows fed 2 forage NDF levels (FL), along with monitoring feed particle sorting and chewing behaviors to assess any potential interactions. Sixty-four mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a 10-wk long randomized complete block design trial. Parity, DIM, and prior milk yield (MY) for multiparous cows or genetic merit for primiparous cows were used as blocking factors. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets (n = 16 per diet) with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatment combinations, including 2 FL, 17% (LF) and 21% forage NDF (HF), without or with ISO supplementation (7.85 mmol/kg DM for isobutyrate and 3.44 mmol/kg DM for 2-methylbutyrate, respectively). Enteric CH₄ and chewing activity (rumination and eating time) were measured using the GreenFeed system and sensor-based ear tag system, respectively. The particle size of each diet and ort from individual cows was measured using the Penn State Particle Separator, and a sorting index was calculated. A sorting index of 100 indicates no sorting, whereas values above or below 100 indicate sorting for or against, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model including FL, ISO, and FL × ISO as fixed effects and block as a random effect (<em>lme4</em> in R). Our result shows that ISO increased sorting index for long particle in LF (96.1 vs. 109; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) but decreased it in HF (100.8 vs. 92.5; <em>P</em> = 0.04). In contrast, ISO did not affect the physically effective particle sorting index (<em>P</em> = 0.51) or intake (<em>P</em> = 0.27) regardless of FL. In alignment with the long particle sorting index, ISO decreased eating and chewing time in the HF but increased them in the LF diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In contrast, rumination time was comparable between FL (<em>P</em> = 0.70) and ISO levels (<em>P</em> = 0.19). In the LF diet, ISO supplementation reduced daily CH₄ production (g/d) by 9% and intensity (g/kg of MY) by 18% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In the HF diet, ISO supplementation led to a 10% increase in daily CH₄ (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) but did not change CH₄ intensity (<em>P</em> = 0.17; g/kg of MY) due to improved milk production. Overall, ISO altered feed sorting, feeding behaviors and enteric CH₄ emissions depending on FL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1419-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactational performance effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation to dairy cows: A meta-regression","authors":"L.F. Martins ,&nbsp;M. Maigaard ,&nbsp;M. Johansen ,&nbsp;P. Lund ,&nbsp;X. Ma ,&nbsp;M. Niu ,&nbsp;A.N. Hristov","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25653","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25653","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A meta-regression was conducted to determine the production effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and investigate their associations with dose, dietary nutrient composition, and supplementation length in dairy cows. Forty treatment and control mean comparisons extracted from 21 studies conducted or published between 2014 to 2024 were used in the meta-regression. Response variables were DMI, milk yield (MY), ECM yield, ECM feed efficiency, BW, BW change, and concentrations of milk fat, true protein, lactose, and MUN. Treatment and control mean differences (MD) as well as standardized MD were calculated and used for data presentation and statistical analysis, respectively. Dose (± SD; 77.0 ± 33.17 mg 3-NOP/kg DMI), forage-to-concentrate ratio (FC; 58.9 ± 8.83%, expressed as average ± SD% of forage in the diet), dietary concentrations of CP, ether extract, NDF, and starch (16.3 ± 1.84%, 4.3 ± 1.03%, 33.7 ± 4.40%, and 20.9 ± 3.97%, as average ± SD% of DM, respectively), supplementation length (days), and DIM and BW of the cows at the beginning of the study were used as continuous explanatory variables. Mixed-effects models were fitted using the robust variance estimation method. Full models containing uncorrelated explanatory variables (Pearson correlation &lt;0.50) were fitted, and variables were removed from the final model if nonsignificant using the stepwise selection approach. Compared with control, supplementation of 3-NOP decreased DMI and MY by 0.80 ± 0.149 and 0.98 ± 0.250 kg/d, respectively, but only numerically decreased ECM by 0.50 ± 0.298 kg/d. Consequently, feed efficiency was increased by 0.05 ± 0.012 kg ECM/kg DMI with 3-NOP supplementation. Body weight and BW change were not affected by 3-NOP supplementation. Milk fat, true protein, and MUN concentrations were increased by 0.09 ± 0.028%, 0.02 ± 0.006%, and 0.59 ± 0.106 mg/dL, respectively. Increasing 3-NOP dose further decreased DMI and increased milk fat and MUN concentrations. Increasing dietary NDF and FC lessened the negative effect of 3-NOP on DMI and MY, respectively, and decreased its effect on milk fat and MUN (dietary NDF concentration effect only). Similarly, increasing dietary CP lessened the negative effect of 3-NOP on DMI and decreased its effect on MUN. To explain some of the production effects herein observed, ruminal fermentation data from 6 published studies were included in the meta-regression. Supplementation of 3-NOP tended to increase rumen pH and decreased NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; concentration. Concentrations of total VFA, acetate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio were decreased, whereas the concentration of propionate was increased, and that of butyrate was numerically increased by 3-NOP supplementation. Overall, 3-NOP supplementation of dairy cow diets decreased DMI and MY but did not affect ECM because of increased milk fat and true protein contents. Increased milk fat and MUN responses can be explained by shifted ruminal fermentation, and the increased m","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1538-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninferiority trial in veal calves on the efficacy of oxytetracycline and florfenicol treatment for pneumonia guided by quick thoracic ultrasound","authors":"Stan Jourquin ,&nbsp;Florian Debruyne ,&nbsp;Laurens Chantillon ,&nbsp;Thomas Lowie ,&nbsp;Randy Boone ,&nbsp;Jade Bokma ,&nbsp;Bart Pardon","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25172","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Purchase dependent calf rearing systems, such as the white veal industry, systematically rely on antimicrobial mass medication (metaphylaxis) to counter respiratory tract infections. Despite mounting criticism, the industry fears that without metaphylaxis, mortality would drastically increase. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of a quick thoracic ultrasonography (qTUS) individualized treatment length between oxytetracycline (OTC) and florfenicol (FF). Regression of maximum consolidation depth &lt;1 cm was used as a criterion for cure and to stop antimicrobial treatment. Additionally, the study assessed the associations of consolidation depth at treatment initiation with cure and treatment duration. The trial involved 320 veal calves, randomly assigned into one of 2 groups: one receiving OTC (n = 160) and the other FF (n = 160) on d 1 (2-d metaphylaxis). Clinical scoring and qTUS were done on d 1 and every 48 h for a 10-d period. After d 1, only calves with consolidations ≥1cm were given further treatment. On each time point, maximum consolidation depth was used to categorize calves into 4 qTUS categories: healthy (no consolidation), mild pneumonia (consolidation &lt;1 cm), moderate pneumonia (consolidation 1–3 cm) and severe pneumonia (consolidation ≥3 cm). Cure, treatment duration and the number of antimicrobial dosages (NAD) were compared between treatment groups. In addition, pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates from nonendoscopic broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. On d 1, 30.0% (96/320) of the calves had consolidation ≥1cm, which increased to 50.9% (162/318) by d 9. After single metaphylactic treatment, cure was 20.9% (9/43) and 20.9% (9/43) in the OTC and FF group, respectively. Calves with severe pneumonia had lower odds to be cured after first treatment than calves with moderate pneumonia (odds ratio = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04–0.63). By d 9, final cure of the initial cases was 27.9% in both the OTC and FF groups. In both groups, cure was similar at all observation points. Overall, final cure of all calves with either moderate or severe pneumonia during the trial was 41.2% (52/102) and 19.0% (12/63), respectively. Median (Med) treatment duration was 4 d (interquartile range [IQR] = 2–6; minimum [Min] = 2; maximum [Max] = 8) and was similar in both treatment groups. Treatment duration for calves with moderate pneumonia (Med = 6; IQR = 4–6; Min = 2; Max = 8) was lower than the median treatment duration of calves with severe pneumonia (Med = 8; IQR = 4–8; Min = 2; Max = 8). When compared with calves with mild pneumonia on d 1, calves with moderate and severe pneumonia had significantly longer treatment durations. In this study, cure was low and not different between both antimicrobials. Categorizing calves based on consolidation depth appears useful as both cure and treatment duration were different for the mild, moderate, and severe groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1896-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling feed efficiency over productive lifetime and integrating a submodel for body reserve management in Nordic dairy cattle","authors":"R.B. Stephansen ,&nbsp;J. Lassen ,&nbsp;V.M. Thorup ,&nbsp;B.G. Poulsen ,&nbsp;J. Jensen ,&nbsp;G. Sahana ,&nbsp;O.F. Christensen","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25383","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic enhancement of feed efficiency can improve the economic sustainability and environmental responsibility of dairy farming. Although genetic selection holds promise for improving feed efficiency across the lifespan of dairy cows, comprehensive data spanning whole lactations or even a productive lifetime are currently limited. To address this, we used production data and data from a camera-based feed intake and BW recording system, along with records of production, feed intake, and weight on Holstein cows from a research herd. We aimed to estimate variance components for a multivariate, multiparity model of production, feed intake, and BW data to calculate genetic residual feed intake (gRFI) for each of the Nordic breeds (Holstein, Jersey, and Red Dairy Cattle). Our approach included investigating a new definition of energy balance (EB_body) calculated from changes in body reserves, serving as an energy sink in gRFI. The data in our analysis consisted of 4,751 Holstein cows (7,851 lactations), 2,068 Jersey cows (3,486 lactations), and 3,235 Red Dairy Cattle cows (5,419 lactations). We used Gibbs sampling to estimate posterior means and SD for all model parameters. Our findings revealed moderate lactation-wise heritability of gRFI (0.15–0.38) across all breeds and parities. Moreover, gRFI genetic correlations varied (−0.2 to 0.4) between early- and mid- to late-lactation stages across all breeds, and for lactation-wise gRFI, there were moderately high genetic correlations (0.39–0.59) between primi- and multiparous lactations across the 3 breeds. Those results suggest the importance of recording phenotypes in most time periods within and across lactations. Our analysis indicated that improving gRFI with one genetic SD unit corresponded to a 2% to 3% gain in net return profit per cow-year, with no or minimal impact on production and body reserve management. We demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating EB_body into gRFI. Comparing gRFI calculated with EB_body or changes in BW as an energy sink trait for body reserve management were highly genetically correlated (&gt;0.95). This result shows that the choice of the energy sink trait for body reserve management in gRFI will yield limited reranking among cows and sires when based on BW records only. However, EB_body offers an opportunity to incorporate BCS information without increasing the number of genetic parameters to be estimated, but it relies on parameters estimated in experimental settings. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a model for gRFI over most of the productive lifetime of dairy cattle, offering significant economic benefits without compromising productivity or body reserve management. Moving forward, comprehensive recording schemes covering whole lactations and productive lifetimes are advantageous for accurate selection indices of gRFI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1757-1777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The advice? Think bigger”: Community perspectives on dairy farming, including surplus calves—An Australian focus group study","authors":"Sarah E. Bolton ,&nbsp;Bianca Vandresen ,&nbsp;Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25424","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citizens are becoming increasingly disconnected from food production. Despite this, many people still hold strong values about <em>how</em> food is produced. The aim of this study was to attain an in-depth understanding of Australian public attitudes toward sustainability and animal welfare in dairy production, as well as early-life killing of surplus dairy calves and cow-calf separation, issues commonly identified as being out of step with public values. We conducted 3 focus group sessions, each with 8 Australians who varied in age, gender identity, income, and frequency of consumption of dairy products. Thematic analysis of the semistructured discussions resulted in 2 key themes, each with underlying subthemes: (1) animal agriculture as an industry, including sustainability, farmers as people, and farming practices; and (2) personal impacts and reflections as citizens, including ethical considerations, and consumer behaviors. Participants varied in their attitudes toward sustainability and the consumption of animal products. This variation was influenced by the different ethical lenses through which they viewed the topics and alignment or otherwise with their personal values. Many participants acknowledged that farmers have a hard life and care about their animals but must also prioritize economics when making management decisions. Most participants were unaware of the common dairy industry practices of early-life killing of surplus calves and cow-calf separation, but once made aware, there was widespread rejection of the practices. Understanding and correcting where food animal production practices fail to align with the evolving values of the public provides opportunities to preserve the social sustainability of animal agriculture into the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 2","pages":"Pages 1855-1868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}