Journal of Dairy Science最新文献

{"title":"Farm-gate greenhouse gas emission intensity for medium to large New York dairy farms","authors":"Olivia F. Godber,&nbsp;Karl J. Czymmek,&nbsp;Michael E. van Amburgh,&nbsp;Quirine M. Ketterings","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25874","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022, New York had over 620,000 dairy cows producing more than 7 million Mg (15 billion pounds) of milk, ranking fifth in dairy producing states in the United States. The objectives of this work were to (1) estimate total farm-gate GHG emissions and GHG emission intensity (GHG_ei) of 36 medium to large (&gt;300 mature cows) commercial New York dairies, (2) determine the contribution of main GHG (on-farm methane [CH₄], nitrous oxide [N₂O], and carbon dioxide [CO₂], plus embedded emissions [CO₂ equivalents; CO₂eq]) and sources (enteric fermentation, feed production, manure management, grazing, fuel, and energy) to farm-gate GHG_ei, and (3) identify key performance indicators (KPI) driving farm-gate GHG_ei. Assessments were done for 2022 using the Cool Farm Tool. Farm size ranged from 345 to 6,350 head of predominantly Holstein cows, with animal densities between 1.76 and 4.85 animal units per hectare (0.71–1.96 animal units per acre), and heifer:cow ratios between 0.02 and 0.49. Herds produced an average fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) yield of 12.7 Mg (29,000 lb) FPCM cow⁻¹ per year using 64% homegrown feed. Total FPCM production was 873,000 Mg (1.92 billion lb), representing ∼12% of the total New York milk production in 2022. The GHG_ei ranged from 0.63 to 1.06 kg CO₂eq kg FPCM⁻¹ (mean GHG_ei = 0.86 kg CO₂eq kg FPCM⁻¹). Methane was the biggest contributor, accounting for 60% of total GHG emissions on average, with enteric CH₄ as the largest contributor (45% of total farm emissions). Among farms, feed production emissions accounted for about 25%, with ∼7% from homegrown feed production. Manure management practices accounted for about 20% of emissions and explained the largest amount of variation in GHG_ei among farms. Potential KPI for GHG_ei included manure management system, heifer:cow ratio, herd feed consumption intensity, percentage of homegrown feed, and crop nutrient source (fertilizer vs. manure). Emission intensity reflected the high proportion of good quality homegrown feed, careful nutrient management, and use of manure treatment systems (covered liquid slurry storages, anaerobic digesters) on several dairies. The influence of replacement rate and heifer:cow ratio on animal density, herd feed consumption intensity, and subsequent GHG_ei requires more detailed analysis. The farms in this study represent a considerable proportion of New York's 2022 FPCM production. Greater participation by smaller farms is necessary to draw conclusions for New York's dairy industry as a whole.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5039-5060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of anogenital distance as a genetic selection trait in Canadian Holsteins","authors":"G.R. Dodd ,&nbsp;F.S. Schenkel ,&nbsp;F. Miglior ,&nbsp;T.C. Bruinjé ,&nbsp;M. Gobikrushanth ,&nbsp;J.E. Carrelli ,&nbsp;M. Oba ,&nbsp;D.J. Ambrose ,&nbsp;C.F. Baes","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26021","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-26021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining optimal fertility in dairy cattle herds is a global challenge that is typically addressed through the genetic selection of fertility indicator traits. However, many of the traits currently implemented in breeding programs are heavily influenced by environmental factors, resulting in a slow rate of genetic improvement. Anogenital distance (AGD) has recently emerged as a promising fertility indicator trait due to its association with favorable reproductive outcomes and its higher heritability estimates compared with currently evaluated traits. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of AGD's genetic potential by estimating its genetic parameters in Canadian Holsteins, assessing the reliability of breeding values, comparing pedigree BLUP to single-step genomic BLUP approaches, and estimating the correlation between AGD breeding values and those of currently evaluated traits. The dataset used in this study comprised 5,541 Canadian Holstein cows and heifers from 20 herds, collected between 2015 and 2020. The final dataset consisted of 4,988 animals with AGD phenotypes after filtering. The pedigree-based heritability estimate for AGD was 0.39 ± 0.04, whereas the incorporation of genomics resulted in a lower estimate of 0.37 ± 0.03. The reliability of estimated breeding values ranged from 0.49 ± 0.03 for phenotyped animals to 0.81 ± 0.05 for proven sires with at least 30 phenotyped daughters. The integration of genomic information improved the reliability of breeding values, with gains ranging from 0.01 gain for proven sires to 0.14 relative gain for unproven sires. High gain in observed reliability for females without records was demonstrated when genomic information was included, using both split forward validation (0.26) and 5-fold cross-validation (0.14). The AGD breeding values showed moderate unfavorable correlations with relative breeding values of age at first service and production traits including milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield. This suggests that AGD may influence reproductive maturity in heifers but could also have an unfavorable association with production traits, highlighting the need for balanced breeding strategies that consider both fertility and production outcomes. Future studies should aim to expand phenotype data across lifetimes and breeds and estimate genetic correlations with traditional reproduction and production traits using multitrait models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5114-5124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of 2 hoof trimming methods at dry-off on hoof lesion and lameness occurrence in dairy cattle","authors":"G. Stoddard ,&nbsp;N. Cook ,&nbsp;S. Wagner ,&nbsp;L. Solano ,&nbsp;E. Shepley ,&nbsp;G. Cramer","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26068","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-26068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite hoof trimming (HT) being a recommended procedure for hoof lesion and lameness prevention, there is limited data on the efficacy of different HT methods. Our objective was to compare the effects of HT cows at dry-off with the functional method that uses a little model (LIT) to an adaptation with bigger modeling (BIGM) of the higher load-bearing hoof on the occurrence of new hoof lesions and the risk for lameness in the next lactation. Cows scheduled for their regular HT at dry-off were enrolled weekly from 3 sand-bedded freestall housed herds located in Wisconsin (n = 2) and Minnesota (n = 1). Cows were eligible for enrollment if they did not have hoof horn lesions at their dry-off HT. Cows were allocated to either LIT or BIGM weekly. Locomotion scores were collected on a biweekly basis from 2 herds, once before enrollment and until their subsequent HT or up to 165 DIM. Two trained hoof trimmers collected hoof lesion data either during the cow's scheduled midlactation HT between 100 and 165 DIM or during an HT prompted by identification as a lame cow by farm personnel. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, with the presence of any hoof lesion as the outcome of interest and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, with the presence of lameness as the outcome of interest. A total of 1,556 cows were enrolled, with 790 (51%) cows in the LIT treatment and 766 (49%) cows in the BIGM treatment. The average DIM at the cow's next HT was 113 (95% CI: 111–114 DIM). A total of 205 (16.2%) of 1,265 cows were identified with a lesion before 165 DIM. A total of 501 (43%) of 1,167 cows were identified as lame following enrollment. There was no evidence of a difference between the LIT and BIGM groups overall when presence of any hoof lesion was considered as the outcome. The median time to lameness was 193 d for LIT and 203 d for BIGM. For the hazard of lameness outcome there was no evidence of a difference between the LIT and BIGM groups overall. However, for both the presence of any hoof lesion and lameness outcomes, a cow's lactation group modified the effect of BIGM. First-lactation cows trimmed with BIGM had reduced risk of any hoof lesion and specifically reduced risk for hoof horn lesions (risk difference 6.1%, 95% CI: 9.6%–2.5%) and odds 76% (odds ratio 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10%–0.58%). In addition, first-lactation cows and cows with an enrollment locomotion score &lt;3 had a lower hazard of becoming lame in the following lactation if they were allocated to the BIGM treatment, compared with cows trimmed with LIT. In summary, the effect of the BIGM trimming method was modified by factors related to parity and prior lameness status, possibly influenced by bone exostosis on the third phalanx. Therefore, the BIGM HT method should be considered to prevent lameness and hoof lesions when animals are trimmed at their first-lactation dry-off trim.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5244-5256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of animal rennet, fermentation-produced chymosin, and microbial coagulants on bovine milk coagulation properties","authors":"Giorgia Stocco ,&nbsp;Dario Casali ,&nbsp;Andrea Summer ,&nbsp;Elena Mariani ,&nbsp;Edward Concar ,&nbsp;Suzanne Lantz ,&nbsp;Jonathan Goodwins ,&nbsp;Claudio Cipolat-Gotet","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-26167","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-26167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coagulants play a crucial role in cheese production by catalyzing milk curdling, with traditional animal rennet long serving as the primary choice. However, due to cost, availability, and ethical concerns, various substitutes such as microbial coagulants and fermentation-produced chymosin (FPC) have emerged. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 8 commercial coagulants, including 1 bovine rennet, 2 bovine FPC, 1 camel FPC, 3 microbial (i.e., <em>Rhizomucor miehei</em>) coagulants, and 1 bovine FPC variant, on the coagulation properties of bovine milk. The coagulants were tested at 3 different doses (35, 50, and 65 international milk clotting units per liter) across 8 batches of unhomogenized, pasteurized, full-fat, bovine milk purchased from different commercial brands, in 2 replicates, for a total of 384 coagulation analyses (8 milk batches × 8 coagulants × 3 doses × 2 replicates). Specifically, traditional milk coagulation properties and curd firmness at given times were assessed using a lactodynamograph. Key findings indicated significant variations in coagulation patterns across the coagulants. Bovine rennet demonstrated an intermediate coagulation profile among all FPC and microbial coagulants. The bovine and camel FPC exhibited faster coagulation than the bovine animal rennet, with the camel FPC showing the quickest coagulation and curd-firming rates. The microbial coagulants, although exhibiting slower coagulation rates for a given dose, produced curd-firming dynamics different from those of all FPC. The bovine FPC variant exhibited high performance comparable to that of the camel FPC in the coagulation process. Overall, this study highlights the distinct coagulation characteristics of various coagulants, offering insights into their suitability for different cheese-making applications. The coagulant dose significantly affected the coagulation pattern, with a clear linear increase in dose influencing gelation and varying effects on other coagulation traits. These findings can guide producers in selecting the optimal coagulant and dose based on specific cheese production needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 4614-4625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of twinning rate in Italian Holsteins","authors":"J.S. Katende ,&nbsp;A. Costa ,&nbsp;M. Santinello ,&nbsp;F. Galluzzo ,&nbsp;M. Marusi ,&nbsp;R. Finocchiaro ,&nbsp;M. Cassandro ,&nbsp;M. Penasa","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25936","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twinning is undesirable in dairy cattle because it is associated with higher risks of abortion, calving difficulty, and metabolic and reproductive issues. Moreover, twin calves are lighter at birth and generally have a lower survival rate. As a result, twinning leads to substantial economic losses for the farmer. In the current study, genetic variance and h² of twinning rate (TR) were estimated as the first step to investigate the feasibility of reducing or at least curbing its increase in the Italian Holstein population through genetic strategies. Calving records (n = 1,625,859) were registered between 1992 and 2022 in 1,830 Holstein herds. A binomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the odds of TR across parities and calving seasons. The h2 and repeatability of TR were estimated using single-trait linear animal, linear sire, linear direct-maternal, threshold animal, threshold sire, and threshold direct-maternal models, which accounted for the fixed effect of parity, the random effects of herd-year-season of calving, permanent environment, and the residual and, depending on the model, the random animal, sire, or direct-maternal genetic effects. Moreover, a multiple-trait approach was adopted considering TR in different parities as different traits to estimate h2 within parity, as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations between parities. Similarly to the single-trait approach, linear and threshold animal, sire, and direct-maternal models were used. All models included the fixed effect of calving season, the random effects of herd-year of calving and the residual and, depending on the model, the random animal, sire, or direct-maternal genetic effects. The overall TR was 2.71% and 90% of the herds had TR from 0.00% to 4.49%. The greatest TR was observed after parity 2 (odds ratio ∼5.20) compared with parity 1, and in summer (odds ratio = 1.32) compared with winter. The h² increased with parity, ranging from 0.005 (parity 1) to 0.029 (parity ≥4) with linear models, and 0.061 (parity 1) to 0.142 (parity 3) with threshold models. Regardless of the model used, the genetic correlations between parities ranged from moderate to strong (0.66–0.99). Also, genetic correlations were stronger between multiparous than between primiparous and multiparous cows. Pearson correlations between sires EBV for TR obtained from single-trait linear and threshold models were close to unity, hinting at a limited re-ranking of bulls. This result suggests that there is room to carry out genetic evaluation for TR with the linear animal model (which is easier to be implemented in routine genetic evaluation than the threshold model) and manipulate the occurrence of twins through genetic strategies in the Italian Holstein population in order to stabilize or reduce TR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5103-5113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between predicted negative energy balance and its biomarkers of Holstein cows in first-parity early lactation","authors":"Hongqing Hu ,&nbsp;Sébastien Franceschini ,&nbsp;Pauline Lemal ,&nbsp;Clément Grelet ,&nbsp;Yansen Chen ,&nbsp;Hadi Atashi ,&nbsp;Katrien Wijnrocx ,&nbsp;Hélène Soyeurt ,&nbsp;Nicolas Gengler","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25932","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The negative energy balance (NEB) state in dairy cows is a critical factor affecting health, reproduction, and production, particularly during early lactation. Multiple blood and milk biomarkers change when dairy cows are in the NEB state. Direct measurement of NEB is impractical for large-scale use due to costs, necessitating reliance on indirect predictors such as milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry-based predicted biomarkers. However, the genetic relationships between NEB and its potential biomarkers remain unclear. This study aimed to (1) compare measured reference NEB with MIR-predicted NEB (PNEB), a novel energy deficit score (EDS), 15 biomarkers, and 3 production traits; (2) estimate genetic parameters among these traits using a 20-trait repeatability model, quantifying the ability of the 19 other studied traits (logit-transformed EDS (LEDS), 15 biomarkers, and 3 production traits) to genetically predict logit-transformed PNEB (LPNEB); and (3) evaluate the causal effects of LPNEB on the 19 traits through a recursive model. Two datasets were used: dataset I (127 cows, 965 records) provided reference data for objective (1), and dataset II (25,287 first-parity cows, 30,634 records) enabled genetic analysis used for objectives (2) and (3). Traits were analyzed using Pearson correlations, multiple-diagonalization expectation maximization REML–based genetic parameter estimation, and recursive modeling. The studied traits had moderate to moderate-high h² ranging from 0.16 to 0.38. The genetic correlations between LPNEB and the studied traits ranged from −0.60 for LIGF-1 to 0.85 for MIR-predicted blood nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Analysis of genetic predictability of LPNEB traits together explained 89% of the genetic variance of LPNEB, with all 15 biomarkers alone contributing the largest fraction with 82%, LEDS alone 65%, NEFA alone 62%, and all traits except LEDS 85%, indicating that LEDS contains useful additional information. Recursive modeling further identified 8 traits, including NEFA and LEDS, as highly dependent on LPNEB, highlighting their potential as robust biomarkers. This study demonstrates the utility of MIR-predicted traits for understanding the genetic mechanisms of NEB and its potential for integration into breeding programs, while emphasizing cautious interpretation of these results due to limitations of MIR-predictions of studied traits to represent directly measured traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5433-5447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and metabolic variations of mycotoxins in raw milk: Implications for dairy cow health and human safety","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhuangshu Wang ,&nbsp;Honglin Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Xia ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Siqi Zou ,&nbsp;Qiaocheng Chang ,&nbsp;Chuang Xu","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25395","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study established a method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS for the quantitative analysis of 9 harmful mycotoxins: zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalanol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin M1, and aflatoxin B1 in raw milk. The method exhibited good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision, making it suitable for trace analysis of these toxins in raw milk. We applied this method to analyze 200 raw milk samples from Heilongjiang Province, China, and found that they contained multiple mycotoxins, with a relatively high concentration of ZEN. To further explore the metabolism of these mycotoxins in dairy cows, we conducted a metabolic study on 12 lactating dairy cows. The results showed significant metabolic changes among the 9 mycotoxins, with ZEN demonstrating notably higher metabolic conversion rates compared with other mycotoxins in the transitions from feed to serum, from feed to milk, and from feed to feces. These findings provide new insights into the safety of raw milk and emphasize the importance of strict monitoring and regulation of these toxins in dairy products to protect human health. Simultaneously, we believe that future research should delve deeper into the metabolism of mycotoxins in dairy cows, which is crucial for ensuring public health safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 4709-4725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice with calcium yak caseinate","authors":"Lijing Yang ,&nbsp;Haiyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Qianyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ziheng Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Bai ,&nbsp;Jia Wei ,&nbsp;Li Song ,&nbsp;Fumei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Tian ,&nbsp;Tisong Liang","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25711","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moderate calcium supplementation coupled with enhanced calcium absorption rates in postmenopausal women is crucial for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Here, calcium yak caseinate (CYC) was provided to ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a nutrition supplement for 6 wk and was shown to effectively improve PMOP. It was observed that CYC remarkably improved the bone physical index (bone length and weight) of OVX mice, and significantly reduced the levels of serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, while significantly increasing the level of serum procollagen I N-terminal propeptide. It is of particular significance that low-dose CYC (L-CYC) was observed to prevent the decline of bone mineral density in OVX mice. Moreover, CYC supplementation has been shown to attenuate the deterioration of trabecular bone structure and to maintain the morphology and number of trabeculae. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy to a certain extent. This study indicated that L-CYC effectively inhibited bone resorption while facilitating bone formation, thereby improving bone quality in OVX mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 4544-4557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of frozen storage time on bovine serum and plasma concentrations of macrominerals and indicators of energy balance","authors":"A. Valldecabres ,&nbsp;E.M. Sitko ,&nbsp;L. Horan ,&nbsp;Á. García-Muñoz ,&nbsp;S.T. Butler","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25560","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concentrations of macrominerals and markers of energy balance are often determined in samples that have been stored frozen for a period of time. The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and BHB determined in serum and plasma samples after separation of whole blood within 24 h of collection (fresh sample) and after storage at −18°C for 3 or 6 mo. Nonhemolyzed blood samples collected into lithium heparin or nonadditive tubes from 76 dairy cows at 21 ± 9 d postpartum (mean ± SD) were used in this study. Serum or plasma was harvested into separate aliquots within 6 h of sample collection for testing as fresh (stored at 4°C until testing within 24 h of sample collection; baseline) or after 3 or 6 mo of storage at −18°C on a wet chemistry analyzer. We observed effects of sample type (serum vs. plasma) on P, Mg, and NEFA concentrations and effects of storage time (0 vs. 3 or 6 mo) on Ca, P, Mg, NEFA, and BHB concentrations. In addition, effects of storage time were conditional to the sample type for P and BHB concentrations. Effects of sample type and storage for up to 3 mo were minimal, potentially biologically and diagnostically irrelevant for all the evaluated analytes. However, storage for 6 mo may have relevant effects on Ca, P, and BHB concentrations. Compared with baseline, the Ca concentration after 6 mo of storage was 0.27 mmol/L less (95% CI = −0.31 to −0.22 mmol/L). Phosphorus and BHB concentrations were significantly less after 6 mo of storage, but the difference varied according to sample type (in mmol/L; P: −0.11 [95% CI = −0.30 to −0.25] in serum and −0.06 [95% CI = −0.26 to −0.21] in plasma; BHB: −0.27 [95% CI = −0.36 to −0.18] in serum and −0.18 [95% CI = −0.23 to −0.13] in plasma). In conclusion, the effects of sample type and storage for up to 3 mo at −18°C were minimal, but the potential effects of longer durations of frozen storage on concentrations of Ca, P, and BHB should be considered. Further research is needed to corroborate findings from this study and to describe optimum storage conditions for samples when timely testing is not feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5329-5341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheritance of bovine lymphocyte intestinal retention defect disorder affects Holstein production performance and longevity","authors":"A. Al-Khudhair ,&nbsp;D.J. Null ,&nbsp;P.M. VanRaden ,&nbsp;E.L. Nicolazzi","doi":"10.3168/jds.2024-25733","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jds.2024-25733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improved methods previously developed for tracking new mutations within existing haplotypes for cholesterol deficiency (HCD) and muscle weakness (HMW) now also were applied to track the bovine lymphocyte intestinal retention defect (BLIRD) discovered in France. Gene tests were available in US data for HCD and HMW, but not yet for BLIRD. Haplotype statuses for 3 million genotyped animals that also had US phenotypes were used to compare recessive effects of BLIRD homozygotes with French estimates. Heifer livability was 97.6% for normal calves with no copies of the haplotype (code 0) but averaged 88.8% for 178 homozygotes (code 2) and 94.1% for 2,029 uncertain homozygotes (code 4), with corresponding estimates of −8.6% and −3.3% from an animal model. Haplotype carriers verified by pedigree (code 1) or uncertain carriers (code 3) were not affected. Yield trait effects for 412 code 2 homozygotes were −1,799 kg of milk, −63 kg of fat, and −55 kg of protein with a cost of −$1,206 using lifetime net merit values; other traits not yet studied may increase that cost. Mating a BLIRD carrier randomly to a population with 8.9% allele frequency would cause an economic loss of $1,653 × 0.089/2 = $74 because half of the progeny would inherit the carrier's normal allele. Those losses should already be reflected in evaluations that average the merit across normal, carrier, and homozygous daughters. Genomic predictions do not fully track those losses because new mutations are poorly correlated with nearby markers. However, US adjustments for future inbreeding automatically reduce evaluations of popular ancestors by more than the cost of these individual defects. Gene tests are needed for new mutations within common haplotypes because tracking can be difficult even with accurate pedigrees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dairy Science","volume":"108 5","pages":"Pages 5145-5152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}