Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe最新文献

{"title":"Physical exercise as a diet component according to Thomas of Wrocław (1297–1378)","authors":"B. Kowalska","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.13","url":null,"abstract":"Among mediaeval theologians, in the dualistic perception of man, soul development was the most important thing. However, the intellectual elite of those times included representatives of university medicine who took a look at the needs of a depreciated human body. Their thoughts were dominated by ideas of Arab doctors who were referred to as auctoritas. Thomas of Wroclaw (1297–1378), a doctor, the author of a treaty entitled Regimensanitatis persuaded his readers that a diet is not only food and drink, but also physical movement, what should be understood today as a lifestyle. He described movement as exercitium, that is exercise which is beneficial for healthy people. The sick should make use of limited exercise, which should be understood as exercise tailored to individual needs. This modern thought, revolutionary for those times, nowadays constitutes the basis of medical rehabilitation. Primus exercitium also includes body rubbing to open its pores and head combing. Today, we would call these treatments peeling and massage. Recommending them in the mediaeval times shows the author’s awareness of the importance of skin condition for human health. According to Thomas, moderate physical activities – a walk or horse riding – are also necessary. He called them exercitium secundum. The message of Thomas of Wroclaw is the next proof for the complexity of the period as it demonstrates that regardless of contemporary opinions about physical exercise disregard in the Middle Ages, maintaining physical fitness was recommended.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127685465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical interpretation of physical culture sciences and a new classification of scientific fields and disciplines in Poland","authors":"Lech Jaczynowski","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Changes in organisation of tertiary schools, imposed by the 2018 Tertiary education law, limit possibilities of counting academic works of scholars representing different fields or disciplines than a given school’s main ones among its achievements. In our case the main discipline are physical culture sciences, placed in the field of medical sciences. It makes it impossible to look at physical culture in a holistic way, because all achievements of the humanities and social sciences are lost. Material and Methods. A thesis about a necessity of a systemic attitude to physical culture sciences was being proved by analysing literature and source materials concerning the meaning of the very term “physical culture”, presenting history of coming into being of that notion, describing the structure of the system of physical culture sciences and considering benefits from a comprehensive view of various problems of that discipline. Results. Several important definitions of the notion we are interested in – including legal ones and international ones – were juxtaposed and compared. Figures and works of authors who were the first in the world to use that term were presented. Finally, schemes reflecting the structure of the system of physical culture sciences were referred to. Conclusions. Regarding complexity of physical culture issues and the fact that the aim of the school is training of pedagogical personnel (PE teachers, instructors, coaches, etc.), evaluation of quality of that kind of academic institutions should not be based solely on academic works of authors dealing only with subjects corresponding to medical sciences, because wiping out of socio-humanistic issues deforms ideas and sense of education of personnel for the whole line of work.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117019357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivation to take martial arts training in the opinions of boxing and MMA fighters","authors":"Cezary Kuśnierz","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Motivation forms a factor that is indispensable for undertaking and continuing sport training and is known to considerably affect the potential to achieve a success. Individuals tend to practice sports on the basis of following a rationale that a specific discipline particularly appeals to them or they were encouraged to practice it by their family or friends. The motivation can also be associated with the fact that a sport is considered as a way to achieve personal development and enhance physical fitness or health. Problem and aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the motivation to undertake training of combat sport in groups of boxers and MMA fighters. Method. The study included N1 = 23 of MMA fighters and N2 = 26 boxers from a sport association located in Opole. The study utilized the method of diagnostic interviewing and applied the technique of a survey. The tool used in the study was the Pelletier motivation questionnaire. Results. In both interviewed groups, the dominant role is attributed to the intrinsic motivation in which the principal factor affecting the motivation is associated with the willingness to gain knowledge. The intrinsic motivation is characterized by undertaking particular activities on the basis of personal interests, individual needs, the drive to self-improvement and development. In the group of MMA fighters, we can note the domination of the hedonistic aspects. The pleasure derived from participation in a training program and the satisfaction that is derived from acquiring new difficult combat techniques form the most relevant aspects affecting the motivation. The most important motivating aspects in the group of boxers include satisfaction that is obtained from acquiring advanced techniques, excitation that is perceived by the fighters involved in hand-to-hand combat and emotions that accompany the practicing of favorite sports. Conclusions. The reported results offer insights into the subject based on a pilot study and form an introduction that forms an encouragement to perform a more comprehensive study in the area. The results that were gained demonstrate the similar motivation factors in both examined groups with the domination of the intrinsic motivators. The subjects undertake and realize their tasks on the basis of their interests, which provide them with satisfaction and a sense of competency.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116197196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivations of fans’ for attending a sporting event. Case study of Cavaliada Poznań","authors":"Joanna Poczta","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to recognize the socio-demographic profile of a horse-riding event fan, and to determine the motives for attending Cavaliada in Poznan. For this reason, a literature query explaining the research issues was carried out. The theoretical basis for the development of the original interview questionnaire was the division of Freyer and Gross, who distinguished four types of orientation among the motives for participating in sports events. The questionnaire served as a research tool and made it possible to collect data. The main result of the empirical research is that the Cavaliada in Poznan is usually supported by young people. The passion associated with horses is mainly dealt with by women who are often professional or amateurish equestrians. Participation in such an event provides the fans with numerous, positive emotions. The most important for the respondents (N = 818) turned out to be a group of motives oriented towards the emotional experience.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jiří Stanislav Guth-Jarkovský in the Interwar Olympic Movement","authors":"F. Kolář","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article follows the work of JiřiStanislav Guth-Jarkovský in the given period both on the domestic and on the international scene. In the new Czechoslovak state, it was necessary to establish a new Czechoslovak Olympic Committee which would serve as a representative of athletes of all nationalities. This, however, proceeded very slowly. With the strengthening of the status of sports associations, their young officials also asked for a greater share of COC’s decision-making. There-fore, in the second half of the 1920s, there was a crisis in the Czechoslovak Olympic Movement, to which Guth-Jarkovsky responded by retreating. Throughout the interwar period, however, he re-mained an active member of the International Olympic Committee. At first, he was the Secretary General, later a member of its executive board. He actively participated in the design and adoption of the Olympic Charter and organization of the 8thOlympic Congress in Prague in 1925. However, in 1936 his reputation was damaged by his support of the XI. Olympic Games in Nazi-dominated Berlin.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126917594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis and content of fitness: theoretical and methodological analysis","authors":"E. Prystupa, L. Chekhovska, Olha Zhdanova, M. Chekhovska","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Problem Statement. Becoming widespread and extremely popular with people throughout the world fitness has not left Ukraine, where there is a keen interest to this kind of recreational activities, aside. The Purpose was to study the origin of recreational fitness. Results: The article highlights the origins and genesis of health-related fitness in its international context, as well as in individual countries of the world. Particular attention has been paid to the development of recreational fitness in Ukraine and to the establishment of the Ukrainian market of fitness services, which originated in the late 90s. A rapid booming of fitness industry has been observed in Ukraine since 2005. The authors also deal with contemporary development of fitness services. At the same time the issue of terminological application has been tackled. Various publications put different interpretations fitness terminological system in general and of the term “fitness” as well. Although fitness as a health-improving system has been gradually evolving, the commonly accepted meaning of the term has not been elaborated up till now. Various definitions of the term should be considered as complementary. Conclusions. Fitness has a long history and different versions of origin and evolution. Two of them are considered to be of significance, i.e. the western and the eastern versions. For ideological reasons, fitness in the Soviet Union(Ukraine being part of it until1991)was practically ignored. Nevertheless, the mid-80s of the last century witnessed the breakthrough of fitness into the USSR. Establishment of the market of fitness services in the independent Ukraine started in the late 90s. Fitness industry in Ukraine ispermanently growing.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116932384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Games of the X Olympiad in Los Angeles 1932: The Story of the Czechoslovak Olympic Team","authors":"Zdeněk Škoda","doi":"10.16926/SIT.2019.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/SIT.2019.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"A lot has been already written on the Czechoslovak results at the Games of the X Olympiad in Los Angeles in 1932. However, not much is known about the journey of the Czechoslovak team to the venue and back. This text focuses on this adventure, describing the problems that the Czecho-slovakian team faced in the context of the economic crisis, the actual journey to the United States on board the steamship, the trip across the United States, the encounters with Czechoslovak com-patriots and American politicians, sporting successes at the Olympic Games and the spectacular return of Czechoslovak athletes to Prague. The method used for this paper is the historical method. Primary sources were the main sources of information, mainly the estate of the General Secretary of the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee, Frantisek Widimský, his memoirs, period articles and unique photographs from the archive of the Czech Olympic Committee. Thanks to these sources, the entire course of the journey was successfully reconstructed.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Education and Sport in Slovakia after the Establishment of Czechoslovakia (1918–1924)","authors":"M. Bobrík","doi":"10.16926/sit.2019.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2019.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Creation of the Czecho-Slovak Republic after the WWI, in 1918, was a milestone also in the development of physical education and sport in Slovakia. New Czecho-Slovak government tried, within the new constitutional conditions, to enforce the Czechoslovak character of the state and to withhold the Hungarian influence in individual towns. Following its multi-national, multi-cultural and multi-confessional history, Slovakia had to get over long-time Hungarian wrongdoing and Hungarization also in the area of sport. Before 1918, the Hungarian and partially also German sport clubs prevailed and any efforts to establish Slovak sport clubs were more platonic than realistic. However, the conditions and circumstances changed and were adapted to the new state layout after 1918.Because of the tense military-political situation at the Czech borders and in Slovakia during 1918–1920, arrival of the Czech and also German sport organizations was postponed until 1921. The Sokol (Falcon) organization started to organize its advertising tours in Slovakia in 1921. Sim-ilarly, the German organizations DTV came to Bratislava in 1921 and to Spis in 1922. In 1920, the Sokol organization had 93 units with 18 494 members, the RTJ organization had 31 units with 4139 members and the Orol(Eagle) organization had 149 units with 15 772 members. Nationally conscious members of Slovak intelligence were entering the Sokol organization independently of their party membership or political orientation. Bratislava was a typical example of such attitude. The long-time rival of the (originally Czech) Sokol organization was the Orol organization, which formally belonged to the Czecho-Slovak Orol but had also an autonomous management in Slovakia. Physical education in the Orol was only secondary, because the organization was mostly religiously focused. All relevant national physical education, sport, scout or touristic organizations gradually established themselves. Particularly the physical education organizations were ideologically closely connected with political parties. Football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, swimming, wrestling, box and table tennis became the most popular sports during 1918–1924. However, Slovakia lagged behind when talking about the material and technical equipment, swimming pools or gyms. Czech sport enthusiasts, who originally came during 1918–1920 to protect the new republic, often helped with the development and management of the sport clubs as well.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130231205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spine and Hip Range of Motion and Foot Morphology in Adolescent Female Ballet Dancers","authors":"Tomasz Rutkowski","doi":"10.16926/sit.2021.04.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.30","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the spine and hip range of motion and foot angles in adolescent female dancers as compared to those of non-dancing females of the same age. Twenty adolescent female ballet dancers (DANCE) and a control group (CON) of 20 adolescent females were examined. The inclusion criterion for the study group was participation in dance training for over 10 years. Spine and hip range of motion (ROM) assessments were carried out using a goniometer and centimeter tape. Foot angles were assessed using a podoscope. In spinal ROM examination, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the Tomayer’s test, thoracic spine mobility, and lumbar rotation ranges. During foot angles evaluation, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the Hallux Valgus angle of both feet. Ballet dancers developed greater hallux valgus in both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. They demonstrated higher flexion and extension range of motion in the thoracic spinal segment and the lumbar spine movement for the extension and rotation. The obtained results demonstrate that adolescent ballet dancers are predisposed to an increased risk of pain related to the trauma of the musculoskeletal system.","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sprawozdanie ze spotkania „Wołyń w źródle archiwalnym”, Kielce, 29 września 2021 r.","authors":"Mariusz Nurkiewicz","doi":"10.16926/sit.2021.04.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":353190,"journal":{"name":"Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127157034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}