OMO International Journal of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Sesame Marketing Outlet Choice: The Case of Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Engida H. Gebre, Agegnehu Workiye, Kusse Haile","doi":"10.59122/1352388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1352388","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed at analyzing sesame market outlet choice in Bench Maji Zone of south western, Ethiopia. For addressing this objective, the study used both primary and secondary data obtained from cross-sectional field survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview. Multistage random sampling technique was used to draw 270 sesame producers.Descriptive statistics and econometric method of data analysis were used to analyze the data. Depending on the results obtained from multivariate probit model, this study recommends that strengthening farmers sesame cooperative and enhancing the financial capacity of cooperative, improving accessibility of transport services and developing infrastructure, improving farmers’ knowledge through adult education as well as their experience sharing with other sesame producing farmers, improving productivity through strengthening supportive institutions, motivating sesame producing farm household to participate different training. Therefore, those important socioeconomic and institutional factors which are mentioned above must take into account to improve the productivity of sesame in the study area.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131405015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Evaluation of Foramen Magnum and Its Variation with Sex and Age among Computed Tomography Scanned Individuals at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Lemlem Yilma, Abinet Gebremickael, Demirew Dejene, Firdawek Getahun, Tamiru Getachew","doi":"10.59122/1349b20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1349b20","url":null,"abstract":"Foramen magnum is one of the several apertures in the base of the skull, through which medulla oblongata and other vital structures are transmitted. Knowledge on the normal anatomy of the base of the skull, especially the foramen magnum and its associated structures, is important to correlate its morphometric features with relevant clinical practices and may be in sex determination. Some anatomical features and gender differences in the human cranium are unique to each population and may be influenced by genetic, environmental and socio-demographic factors. In the present study morphometry of foramen magnum and its variation with sex and age was evaluated. The anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), and the area of foramen magnum (AFM) of each CT scan images of individuals who had head computed tomography scan at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, were measured by using institutional picture archiving and communication system workstation through institutional MedWeb. The overall APD of FM was 34.55 ± 3.21mm, TD was 28.48 ± 3.03mm and AFM was 814.77 ± 126.52mm2 in the present study. The mean of measurements of all the three evaluated parameters of foramen magnum was larger in males and the differences were statistically significant at P ˂ 0.05 between sexes. However, no statistically significant (P > 0.05) difference wasdetected in all the measured parameters among different age groups. In conclusion, the result of our study has reinforced the idea of likelihood of determining sex by evaluating the morphology of foramen magnum when essential.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129854987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock Feed Resources and Feeding Practices in Bonke and Geresse Districts, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannes Dana, Y. Kechero, Nebiyou Yemane","doi":"10.59122/1345935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1345935","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at Bonke-Geresse District of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing the availability of feed resources in terms of quantity and quality and feeding practices of livestock. The district was stratified into three distinct agro-ecologies. A total of 138 farmers were randomly selected based on the probability of proportional sampling by means of a structured questionnaire. Direct field observation was also used in the collection of data. The major feed types used by farmers were identified and categorized into five classes: natural pasture grazing, green feeds, hay, concentrate (commercial mix and agro-industrial by-products) and non-conventional feed resources. The total Data were analyzed using statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Chemical analysis on crop residues indicated that they have low crude protein (2.66 to 6.7) and are composed of high lignin content ranging from 8.42 to 16.83. The major constraints related to livestock feed were shortage of feed, shortage of grazing land, poor market access, lack of sample awareness on forage cultivation and poor feeding system. Overall feed balance in terms of DM yield per year to a total TLU value of 7,068.8 was found to be 12,947.51 tons of DM per annum with negative feed balance of 5,878.71tons. Based on the findings of the present study, low productive and reproductive performances of livestock at Bonke are clearly associated with meager availability of feed resources. Therefore, introduction and adaptation of alternative feed production technologies such as development of improved forages, feed processing and conservation technologies, skill improving training and efficient feed utilization strategies would be taken as important steps to overcome the prevailing feed supply problem.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128026707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Oestrus Synchronization Program on Dairy Cattle in South Ari District, South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Wubneh Aydaiso, Chencha Chebo, Nejib Mohammed","doi":"10.59122/134a241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134a241","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in South Ari District, South Omo Zone, Ethiopia from 2017-2018 with the objectives of evaluating the performance of hormonal oestrus synchronization program and exploring beneficiaries’ perception. Data on 3881 synchronization records from the year 2011 to 2017 were used to evaluate its effectiveness trend. In addition, 2017 estrus synchronization record data of 408 cows and heifers were collected and used for analysis. Single dose prostaglandin(PGF2ɑ) was administrated to the animals and hormone response and conception and/pregnancy rate was measured. All synchronized cows/heifers showed estrus responses were inseminated on natural heat using frozen semen of Holstein Frisian and Jersey breed bulls. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out at day 90 post AI by rectal palpation. Furthermore, 138 selected respondents from 4 beneficiary kebeles were interviewed on their perception hormonal oestrus synchronization .The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test. The results showed that 91.2% of cows and heifers were responding to the hormonal treatment. However; the overall pregnancy rate observed was only 11.02% and this is by far below the reported pregnancy rate at the national level (60%). About 73.9% of the respondents had a low perception concerning estrus synchronization practiced in the area. This was because of problems associated with lowawareness of farmers on heat detection, subjectivity on screening of animal for synchronization, distance of AI service centers, timing of insemination and poor feeding and management practice of animals. Since the South Ari district is one of the agro-pastoral areas in the region; continual supply of facilities, awareness on the estrus synchronization technology, improvement on cattle management practices and active involvement of stakeholders hormonal oestrus synchronization are necessary for the effectiveness of estrous synchronization program in the study area.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132129685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Incomplete Vaccination Among Children Age 12-23 Months in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Meseret Gebremariam, Gistane Ayele, Mulugeta Shimbre, Biresaw Wassihun, Abinet Teshome, B. Boda","doi":"10.59122/13530ec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13530ec","url":null,"abstract":"Many children in the world particularly in low resource countries are still left unvaccinated and it remains to be a public health problem. So, the main objective of this study was to identify determinants of incomplete vaccination among children 12-23 months of age in Semen Bench district, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. A community based unmatched case-control study was undertaken among randomly selected children aged 12 to 23 months and with a total sample size of 316 (106 cases and 212 controls). Simple random sampling was used to get representative cases and controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify independent factors for incomplete immunization status of children. P-values <0.05 was used as cut value. A total of 104 cases from 106 and 208 controls from 212 were selected giving a response rate of 98.2%. Based on the multivariable analysis the incomplete immunization status of children was significantly associated with having no antenatal care visits, [AOR=8.3(95%CI; 1.87-36.91], home delivery [AOR=4.5(95%CI; 1.411-14.27], having no postnatal care visit [AOR=4.2(95%CI; 1.67-10.41], and inconvenient appointment time [AOR=3.44(95% CI:1.65-7.16)]. Children of mothers having no antenatal and postnatal care, having home delivery, and with an inconvenient appointment timewere significantly associated with incomplete vaccination. Therefore, integrating the immunization service to other elements of primary health care is crucial.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124303374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile Wastewater and Treatment Technologies: A Review","authors":"Meseretu Melese","doi":"10.59122/134a47f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134a47f","url":null,"abstract":"Textile industry is one of the most common and essential sectors in the world and it is responsible for one of the major environmental pollution problems in the world because it releases undesirable dye effluents. Textile wastewater contains dyes mixed with various contaminants at a variety of ranges. The toxic and carcinogenic effect of untreated textile effluent is well understood. The decolorization and detoxification of industrial dye effluents is most important aspect and is major concern to meet environmental regulations. This paper presents a review of literature on characteristics, composition of textile wastewater and conventional treatment methodologies for textile wastewater with their advantages and disadvantages. Over the years, researchers have developed several bioremediation technologies to treat textile effluents but little effort has been made to put the entire literature review of these technologies in one refereed paper, this review paper is an attempt to compile the existing information on various treatment technologies of textile effluent.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124205131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storage Studies of Avocado in Low-Cost Cool Chambers","authors":"Admin Chirotaw, G. Shah, Gizachew Girma","doi":"10.59122/1345062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1345062","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado (Persea americana) is a climacteric fruit. During its storage, high temperatures accelerate postharvest changes, reduce shelf life and increase postharvest losses. Three low cost zero energy cool chambers (ZECC) prepared by using bricks, gunny bags and bamboo mat were used to evaluate the shelf life and storage changes of avocado fruit. It was observed that the average storage temperature in all the three chambers was 6.1 °C less than the ambient temperature, whereas the average relative humidity (RH) of cool chambers ranged from 91.8 % to 93.3% as against 60.29 % RH in ambient storage. Avocado stored well for 12 to 13 days in the cool chambers, whereas under ambient conditions fruit was unmarketable on the 7th day of storage. Statistically significant physiological weight loss (PWL) was recorded under all storage conditions; however, maximum loss was observed at ambient temperature. Harvested avocado had 0.117 % acidity and 7.80 Brix total soluble solids (TSS). During storage both acidity and TSS decreased significantly. However, sugar percentage increased significantly during storage. The pH ranged from 6.01 to 6.58 during storage. Based on the present results it is concluded that under high temperatures and low RH atmospheric conditions, the low-cost cool chambers can best be used for extending shelf life of avocados.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of Caesarean Section and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Delivered in Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Referral Hospital, Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Weldebrhan Abadi, Mulugeta Shimbre, Kassahun Fikadu, Agagnehu Bante, Abera Mersha, Asegide Regase, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Getahun Koira, Abinet Gebremickael","doi":"10.59122/13584d9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13584d9","url":null,"abstract":"Even if the cesarean section is one of the most common and lifesaving surgical procedure, there is an increasing concern on the needless cesarean section that causes maternal and perinatal morbidity. In Ethiopia, insufficient studies are conducted about the current rate of the cesarean delivery. As a result, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of the cesarean section and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Referral Hospital Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed from May 1, 2018, to August 30, 2018 among a total of 3360 deliveries within four months. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaireand chart review checklist from 320 women who delivered at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Referral Hospital. The data were collected from every four women until the desired sample size was achieved. After checking visually for completeness, the collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the characteristics of the participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with cesarean delivery. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Among a total of 1120 women delivered during the study period, a total of 315 women were involved in this study making a response rate of 98.4%. Of the participants, 24.1% (95%CI: 19.3%, 28.8%) delivered through caesarean section. Age less than twenty-five years (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.91), attend primary education (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.78), secondary education (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.85), gravida to IV (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI: 1.23, 12.98) and labor not attended using partograph (AOR = 4.04 95% CI: 2.08, 7.82) were independently associated with cesarean delivery. In general, one-quarter of women delivered through the cesarean section which is higher than the WHO recommendation. Factors such as high maternal age, not attending formal education, multigravida, and not using partograph to monitor labor were independent factors associated with cesarean delivery. Thus, labor progress must be followed using partograph and all mothers should be encouraged to deliver through the natural route. Furthermore, obstetric care providers need not rush into cesarean section except for minimal episode of fetal or maternal complication and they should adhere to the clinical and WHO guidelines.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131141030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Choyta Kaashsha Sacred Forest for Biodiversity Conservation in Ethiopia","authors":"Fantaye Fekede, F. Woldeyes, A. Hailemicael","doi":"10.59122/134e9e0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134e9e0","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in Choyta Kaashsha Sacred Forest in Kucha Woreda, Gamo Zone, Ethiopia to determine floristic composition, plant community types and to identify traditional conservation practices that have maintained the area. Thirty-two (20m X 20m) quadrates were used to collect data. Height and diameter at breast height (DBH ≥2.5cm) of woody species were recorded including altitude, aspect, slop and UTM. In-depth interviews and group discussion were conducted with local people to identify conservation status and threats. Vegetation structure was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. Vegetation classification was performed using PC-ORD version 5.0. Species diversity and evenness were computedusing Shannon diversity indices. Forty eight woody species belonging to 44 genera and 32 families were recorded. Four community types Euphorbia ampliphylla-Celtis Africana, Podocarpus falcatus-Millettia ferruginea, Ficus thonningiiPodocarpus falcatus and Syzygium guineense- Bersama abyssinica were identified. The total density and basal area of sacred forest are 1314.84 stems/ha and 102.63 m2/ha, respectively. The density of woody species was decreasing with increasing height and DBH classes. The findings revealed the sacred forest has exclusively been conserved for socioreligious purpose in relation with Eeqa - Gaca ritual ceremony. Nevertheless, the long maintained sacred forest is exposed to threat due to anthropogenic pressure. Disrespecting social taboos, Gome, and religious prohibitions, argument on ownership issues are worth mentioning threats. Proper recognition of customary rule of ritual leader and local resource use norm confined with social taboo, Gome, reinforced by contemporary conservation measures were recommended to maintain the sustainability of the sacred forest.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130638232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of In situ Rainwater Harvesting Techniques on Maize Production in Moisture Stress Areas, Humbo Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"W. Naba, A. Moges, A. Gebremichael","doi":"10.59122/1349b1c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1349b1c","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effect of some In-situ water harvesting techniques on production of maize with respect to soil moisture content, yield and yield components. It also aimed to assess farmers' perception of water conservation techniques. To achieve these objectives of the study, data were collected through house hold survey and field experiment. The experiment was conducted in Wolaita Zone Humbo Woreda at Abela Sippa kebele, which has an irregular rain fall distribution and has a prolonged dry season which leads to low soil moisture during critical crop growth stages. The study was conducted over a period of one growing season (2017/18) using maize as indicator crop at the farmers training center of the Abela Sippa kebele. The experiment was made in a randomized complete block design, with three replications and four treatments. The four treatments used in the study were; Control, Targa, Tieridge and Zai pits . Findings from this study revealed that maize grain yield and yield components, such as, grain yield, dry matter biomass, and cob length were significantly high (p<0.05) at Targa treatments, but plant height was not significantly different. Soil-moisture content over the crop growing season at dry spell periods was significantly higher at Targa and Tie ridges than the control. Targa treatments increased maize yield to (7.15 t/ha), Tie ridge also significantly increased maize production to (6.19t/ha). Similarly, Zai pits yielded (4.5t/ha) and Control treatment yielded (4.9 t/ha). Targa and Tie ridge treatments recorded higher net returns (29712, and 25164 ha-1) than the Control (20370ha-1) and Zai (14350 ha-1) treatments. The results revealed that the rainwater harvesting technology by the community members was a good initiative in improving agricultural practices in periods of water scarcity. However, the utilization of the technology is affected by various constraints. The major constraints include: labor cost, lack of knowledge and types of crops planted on bunds. The findings suggest that Targa structure improved water availability during the growing season, thereby protecting crops from dry periods and it needs minimum cost, less labor power, and easily constructed by local farmers (not require complicated knowledge).","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"63 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131082166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}