OMO International Journal of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Milk Production, Handling, Processing and Marketing Practices in Selected Districts in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Esatu Bekele, E. Gobezie, I. Tadesse","doi":"10.59122/135ba1e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/135ba1e","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in Segen Area Peoples Zone, Southern Ethiopia, to analyze milk production, handling, processing, and marketing techniques. A total of 204 people were chosen for the study using simple random sampling technique, and data were collected utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire. During the research, both primary and secondary data were gathered. SPSS version 20 software was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, chi square test, and analysis of variance. 85 percent of the 204 houses surveyed were male headed household while the remaining 15% were female headed. The respondents' average age was 43.8610.064 years. In the current study, the age of the respondents ranged from 23 to 80 years old. In theDerashe district, almost 36.5 percent of respondents washed their udders before and after milking, indicating that the importance of udder cleaning was higher than in other regions. The majority of those polled (83 percent) smoked milk handling equipment to improve the taste and flavor of milk and milk products, as well as to eradicate harmful bacteria and promote milk fermentation. To churn milk, 17 percent of respondents use a gourd while 43 percent use a clay pot. The primary limits discovered in the 69 percent, 3 percent, 7.5 percent, 2.5 percent, 8 percent, and 10 percent were shortage of feeds, scarcity of water, disease, lack of market and market information, poor infrastructure, absence of improved breed, and inadequate artificial insemination. Farmers' attitudes should be modified through training and other means, and powerful dairy cooperatives should be founded, mainly in rural regions, to improve milk and milk product handling procedures and reduce cultural barriers in milk marketing.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116630476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors among Women Attending Antenatal Care at Arba Minch Town Public Health Facilities, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Boda, Behayilu Tsegaye, Misgun Shewangizaw, Mulugeta She","doi":"10.59122/134321a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134321a","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high blood sugar condition that some women acquire during pregnancy which could have devastating effects on both the mother and baby if left untreated. In most of the developing countries including Ethiopia, women are rarely screened for GDM during ANC visits. It was previously estimated that gestational diabetes occurs in four to nine percent of pregnant women in Ethiopia. So, the aim of this study was to assess prevalence of GDM and associated factors among women attending antenatal care at Arba Minch town public health facilities. Institution based cross sectional study design was employed among 380 pregnant women’s visiting antenatal care clinic. Women were enrolled if they had fulfilled inclusion criteria during the study period. Data was collected using a pre-test structured interviewer administered questionnaire September 2019 to November, 2019. Descriptive statistics was done. Results were summarized and presented by tables, charts and graphs. The prevalence of GDM was 7.1%. Nearly one-third of the respondents, 247(65%) had two or more pregnancies, with mean gestational age of 25 weeks. Half of the respondents, 187(49.2%) were multi-para. Of 380 pregnant women, 53(13.9%) had previous history of stillbirth. Maternal age, educational level, parity, history of having macrocosmic baby, previous history of GDM and family history of type II DM were associated with GDM. Older ages, low educational level, grand multipara, having macrosomic baby and history of type II diabetes mellitus were factors associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes mellitus. Therefore, to enhance maternal and child health, improving screening, treatment, and prevention strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus is necessary.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourth-Order Compact Finite Difference Method Combined with Richardson Extrapolation for OneDimensional Heat Equation","authors":"Haile Muleta Chemeda, Feyisa Edosa Merga","doi":"10.59122/134ea31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134ea31","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Fourth-Order Compact Finite Difference method combined with Richardson extrapolation to solve the one-dimensional heat equation has been presented. The method is found to be fourth-order convergent in space and second-order in time variable. The method is also unconditionally stable and consistent for solving a one-dimensional heat equation. When combined with the Richardson extrapolation, the desired level of numerical solutions can be obtained without the requirement of further mesh refinement which claims extra computational time and memory. To validate the applicability of the proposed method, two model examples are considered and solved for different values of spatial and temporal step lengths. The numerical solutions presented in tables and the simulations of the model problems show that the proposed method approximates the exact solution very well. In a nutshell, the proposed method is efficient and capable of solving the one-dimensional heat equation.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"384 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133044231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hamstring muscle injuries and associated factors among soccer players the case of Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tamiru Getachew Deme, Tagel Tamiru, Molla Deyou, Feleke Gebremeskel, Abinet Gebremickael, G. Abebe","doi":"10.59122/1359491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1359491","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the hamstring injury and associated factors among soccer players will assist the Youth sports injury prevention and rehabilitation programs and concerned stakeholders to plan good sports injury prevention intervention. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of hamstring muscle injuries and associated factors among soccer players in selected three zones of southern Ethiopia. The study design was a cross-sectional study design conducted at soccer clubs at Gammo Goffa, Halaba and Wolayta Zones, from March 11/2019 to May 12/2019 G.C. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select 226 Participants.To Collect relevant data both close and open-ended questions were used and Anthropometry measurement was measured by using standardized techniques and also Inspection and palpation of posterior thigh plus PSLRT was done. Data were entered using the computer program, epi-data version 4.4.3.1 exported into SPSSversion 21 software for analysis. A descriptive summary was used to present the study results. All variables in bivariable logistic regression with p< 0.25 were fitted into multivariable logistic regression. In multivariable logistic regression with backward LR elimination P-value (< 0.05) was used to decide whether the observeddifference is statically significant or not. Out of 226, 88.5% were males and 11.5% were females, the overall magnitude of hamstring strain injury was 17.3% with 95% CI. The number of all other body injuries sustained [AOR=14.4, 95% CI (4.55, 45.67))] and Previous History of posterior thigh pain, [AOR=4.58, 95% CI(1.87, 11.25)] were identified as significant associated factors with HSI in soccer players. One-sixth of the payers sustained HSI and a player who has a previous Hx of posterior thigh pain had 4.58 times risk of developing HSI than a player with no previous Hx of posterior thigh pain this will remind the soccer clubs coaches andmedical team to evaluate and standardize their rehabilitation protocols for decision making on the length of days for rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132243613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and Foraging Ecology of the Black and White Colobus Monkey (Colobus guereza ssp. guereza) in Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia","authors":"Solomon Chanie, F. Rovero, J. Willie","doi":"10.59122/1346b46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1346b46","url":null,"abstract":"We estimated the abundance of Colobus guereza ssp. guereza in the moist evergreen riparian forest part of Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia. The survey was conducted using the distance sampling method. Based on a preliminary study, 17 newly cut line transects were randomly aligned across the study area. The survey data were then collected for three consecutive months. Transects were walked once per month for 14-16 days. Abundance estimates were analyzed using the program 'DISTANCE'. The half-normal key function with cosine adjustment fitted our data sets best. Mean group density and mean animal density were 14 animals km-2 and 102 animals km-2, respectively, resulting in a mean estimated abundance of 2,153 animals distributed over thestudy area. The mean estimated group size was 7.24 with an estimated encounter rate of 1.72. Compared to similar studies from tropical forests in Africa, our population density estimates were intermediate between the mean values (100 to 168 animals km-2). We conclude that such intermediate density estimates reflect the fact that guerezas have suffered from human-induced reductions in habitat availability. We also suggest that the natural forest is still in a reasonable condition that likely provides them with sufficient food supply to compensate for such intermediate densities. However, a replication of this study would lead to a more comprehensive abundance estimate. We also recommend studies that would address the activity-time budget and populationdemographics of these monkeys. Nonetheless, our results provide a reference point for future studies in this area, particularly to assess population trends of C. g. guereza.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic In Jinka General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia from 2015-2017.A Retrospective Study","authors":"Ashagire Getachew, Melat Woldemariam, A. Aklilu, A. Manilal, M. Mama, Biresaw Wasihun, T. Kanko","doi":"10.59122/134f985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134f985","url":null,"abstract":"Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health issue. Syphilis and HIV are the leading STIs highly prevalent in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia, which can have a critical impact on reproductive, maternal, and newborn health such as stillbirth. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of syphilis and HIV among pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics in Jinka General Hospital, South Omo, Ethiopia. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Jinka General Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Data were obtained from individual charts and laboratory logbooks using a structured checklist. Statistical package for social sciences version 21 was used to analyze the data. Finally, the results were presented in text, tables, and graphs. A total of 1712 pregnant women attended antenatal care clinics between 2015 and 2017. The seroprevalence of syphilis and HIV were found to be 18 (1.05%) and 70(4.0%) respectively. Most of the syphilis seropositive cases were observed among married pregnantwomen 13(72.22%) in the age group of 20-30 14(77.78%). Syphilis and HIV co-infection was found in 14 (0.82%) subjects. The trend of syphilis infection peaked from 0.41% in 2015 to 1.48% in 2016 but declined to 1.16% in 2017. A downward trend has been observed in the case of HIV infection, wherethe prevalence rate fell steeply from 5.9% in 2015 to 1.46% in 2017. The seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis among pregnant women showed slightly high, which needs due attention with special consideration for active childbearing age women.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126211161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Associated Factors towards Congenital Anomalies among Pregnant Women Visiting Antenatal Care Clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abinet Gebremickael, T. Yohanes, Nega Chufamo, B. Boda","doi":"10.59122/135a4d3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/135a4d3","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of Congenital anomalies (CAs) among the public, especially reproductive age women have a significant role in reducing the incidence. However, there is a dearth of studies conducted on this issue in our country. This study was aimed to assess the pregnant women’s knowledge of CAs at the antenatal care clinic of Arba Minch General Hospital. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and September 2018. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were cleaned, entered and analysed by using SPSS version- 20 software packages. Besides descriptive statistics, Bi-variate and Multi-variate logistic regression analyses were done to explore the predictors of women’s level of knowledgetoward CAs. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 392 pregnant women had participated in the present study. From total respondents, only 11.0% of the pregnant women have known that many of CAs are of genetic origin, and a significant proportion of the women had believed that CA is a disease acquired by pregnant women (39.0%), and it occurs in a baby due to the sin of families (48.5%). Only 189 (48.2%) women had adequate overall knowledge about CAs. The participants had good knowledge of the risk factors than their specific knowledge of CAs. The level of education and occupation were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the women’s overall knowledge of CAs. In conclusion, the women’s knowledge of CAs in this study was found less. Appropriate strategies should be designed and implemented to improve women’s knowledge of congenital anomalies.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124025587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy Cattle Feed Quantity, Nutrient Balance and Feed Scarcity Coping Mechanism in Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Fiseha Tadele, Bekele Aysheshim, A. Guja, Y. Kechero","doi":"10.59122/1349ecf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1349ecf","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Kedida Gamela Woreda of Kambata Tambaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, with the goals of estimating the amount of available feed resources, estimating the nutrient balance, and assessing the coping mechanism of dairy cattle in relation to agro-ecologies and seasons in the study area. Multistage sampling procedures were used. The mean dry matter (DM) produced per household in the highland and midland was 3.4 and 3.7 tons (P< 0.05), respectively, while the required amount was 8.5 and 8 tons, with a negative balance of 5.1 and 4.3 tons (P < 0.05). The mean DM produced per household during the wet and dry seasons was 4.1 and 3.1 tons (P < 0.05), respectively, while the required amount was 7.9 and 8.6 tons, with a negative balance of 3.9 and 5.5 tons (P < 0.05). As a result, farmers increased their use of concentrates and non-traditional feeds, improved forage production, transferred stocks to relatives, and reduced herd size as coping mechanisms in response to feed scarcity.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127021911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postharvest Handling Practices and Marketing of Honey at Arba Minch Zuria District of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Anza, Nebiyu Yemane, Amssalu Bezabeh","doi":"10.59122/135a351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/135a351","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at Arba Minch Zuria District of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia to assess postharvest handling practices and marketing systems of honey. The district was selected purposively based on its beekeeping potential and stratified into three agro-ecological zones. Seven representative Kebeles from the District were selected proportional to their agro-ecological variations. A total of 156 beekeepers was selected using systematic random sampling technique. A cross-sectional study was conducted to generate data via an official survey. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. The result revealed that most (96.8%) of the beekeepers practiced traditional beekeeping system. Only 29.7% of the bee keepers strained their honey using sieve (68.4%), hand (21.1%) and a piece of cloth (10.5%). Plastic buckets (64.7%), tin and gallon (32.7%) and plastic sack (2.6%) were major honey handling materials. Most (90.4%) of the bee keeperssell honey to generate income and only 9.6% used honey for both sale and home consumption. Producers, consumers, retailers, tej houses and collectors were main actors involved in the honey value chain. Agro-ecology significantly influenced the market price of both crude and strained honey. The price of crude and strained honey in lowland location was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than highland and midland locations.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125995046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed Quality in Forage Crops: Current Status and Gaps in Ethiopia","authors":"Gezahagn Kebede, G. Assefa, Fekede Feyissa, Mulisa Faji, M. Alemayehu, A. Mengistu, K. Mohammed","doi":"10.59122/134803c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134803c","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes forage seed quality attributes, stages to be considered for quality seed production, current status, and gaps of forage seed quality in Ethiopia. Seed quality is one of the main factors affecting crop production potential. Seed quality such as genetic quality, physiological quality, physical quality, and pathological quality should be considered during seed production. The pre-planting stage is the first stage to be considered for the production of good quality seed. The environmental conditions under which the forage crop is grown and the cultural practices used for production can affect seed quality. Several environmental factors such as soil conditions, nutrient deficiency, water stresses, extreme temperatures, and pest infestation may affect seed quality by reducing its viability and vigor by the time the seed reaches physiological maturity. Besides, identification of suitable sites, use of proper seedbed preparation, sowing time, seed rates, and planting methods are also considered to affect quality forage seed production. The post-planting stage such as weeding, pest and disease control, time of harvest, and field inspections at different stages is the second stage to be considered for quality seed production. Determination of seed harvesting stage of some forage species is more complex compared to food crops due to unsynchronized seed maturity and seed shattering problems so that identification of optimum seed harvesting stage for species which have indeterminate growth habit is very important. The post-harvesting stage such as drying, threshing, cleaning, packing, storing, transporting, and marketing is the third most important stage to be considered for quality seed production. Forage plants are cultivated mostly for herbage utilization so that seed production does not virtually exist in the country. The price of small-seeded perennial forage species and their cost of production are very high globally due to low seed yield performance, unsynchronized seed maturity, seed shattering problem, and difficulty in postharvesting and handling processes compared to most annual forage species. Some of the beneficial qualities of forage seeds can be stored for a longer time, relatively free of disease, and not attacked by pests like weevils compared to food crops. Some forage seeds have a problem of seed dormancy but the problem can be solved by mechanical, chemical, and hot water scarification. Generation of different forage seed production technologies which are feasible for different agroecologies are extremely important for higher and quality seed production but the technologies are not yet well known for most forage species.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"87 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131878719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}