OMO International Journal of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"On-Farm Monitoring of Feed Effects on Milk Yield and Composition in Crossbred Dairy Cows at Gidole Town, Ethiopia","authors":"Aschalew Kebede, Asrat Guja","doi":"10.59122/13439gmv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13439gmv","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at Gidole town to evaluate the impact of three feeding practices (low, medium, and better-off) on milk composition and yield in Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy (HFCD) cows at the farm level across three lactation stages (early, mid, and late). In the study area, challenges and opportunities for dairy production were thoroughly assessed. Data were collected from 12 systematically selected households (HHs), representing the three feeding groups (poor, medium, and better-off), shortly after cows gave birth. During early lactation, three feeding households had daily milk yields (DMYs) of 3.61± 0.23, 8.25± 0.69, and 9.47± 0.88, respectively. The DMY was 3.64± 0.75, 7.81± 0.87, and 9.37± 0.71 amid lactation. Across all lactation stages, the feeding groups exhibited significant differences in DMY, fat content, protein levels, and lactose composition (P < 0.05). The cows’ diets directly influenced these variations. Given the reported differences in dairy cow performance among HHs, optimal practices would be disseminated by extension workers. Lack of land, high feed prices, and low productivity were identified as important constraints in the study area, whereas boosting milk demand, revenue, and knowledge through extension services were studied as potential options for milk production. Keywords: feeding practices, Holstein Friesian, milk composition, milk yield","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossbreed Dairy Cow Production, Feeding and Management practice at Gidole Town, south Ethiopia","authors":"Aschalew Kebede, Asrat Guja","doi":"10.59122/14438wx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/14438wx","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the production, feeding, and management techniques of Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred dairy cows at Gidole town, south Ethiopia. Cross-sectional survey involving 60 households selected through systematic random sampling from a total of 150 households with crossbred HF dairy cows in the town. Chemical compositional analysis performed on key feed items collected from the study households. Data analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Average daily milk yield was 7.29±0.22 liters, while average lactation milk yield was 1727.73±9.57 liters. The average lactation length was 7.9±1.45 months. While 53.3% of households possessed crossbreed cows with a blood level of 50%, 43.3% had cows with a blood level of 50-75% and 3.3% had cows with a blood level beyond 75%. Crop residue, improved forages (desho, Guatemala, and elephant grass), enset, atella, and salt were the most important cattle feed resources. In the non-conventional diet, atella has the highest crude protein (CP) content (29.24%), followed by elephant grass (18.44%) and teff straw (6.34%). Despite its importance, feed availability remains a challenge in terms of both quality and quantity. To address this, the study recommends strong extension efforts focused on: promoting the use of concentrate feed, developing and utilizing improved forage options and treating crop residues to enhance their quality. \u0000Keywords: Crossbred dairy cow, Gidole, feed, feeding practices, milk production","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leadership Practices that Enable Agricultural Transformation: The case of Ethiopian irrigated wheat initiative","authors":"D. Geleti","doi":"10.59122/14438kl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/14438kl","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural innovations play a vital role in enhancing production and productivity. Under Ethiopian context, agricultural innovations are deployed in the form of integrated technological innovations. The elements of technological packages include varieties and associated management practices. The rate of adoption and the pace at which such innovations are disseminated is normally slow. Thus organizations involved in innovation development and dissemination activities need to be agile to cope with the fast changing production environment as well as the pressing need for increased production and productivity. Enabling leadership refers to leadership practices that enable the positioning of individual and organizational actors by creating adaptive spaces. An adaptive space is about the social arrangements of the innovation system actors in ways that enable the creation of adaptive processes which eventually lead to an adaptive organization. Thus, being acquainted with leadership practices that enable the creation of adaptive spaces and facilitation of the vitality of associated adaptive processes is crucial. Activities that stimulate adaptive processes eventually facilitate the creation of adaptive organizations. Knowledge of factors that enable the creation of adaptive spaces, and leadership practices that help expedite the creation of vibrant adaptive processes is vital to be able to deploy appropriate adaptive interventions. This further enables the design of a refined intervention for future implementation under varied contexts. At the policy level, knowledge of enabling leadership practices that affect the success of such adaptive interventions is important for policy-makers to rethink their innovative food production policies. Thus, it is important to document process-oriented and relational approaches that facilitate the creation of adaptive spaces in which agricultural innovations are generated, diffused and adopted in networks based on information gathered from field-level implementation experiences. The Ethiopian irrigated wheat production initiative was as the subject of study. Some of the project evaluation questions for the retrospective analysis from the perspective of an enabling leadership model were: who were the agents involved in the irrigated wheat project? What were their roles? What were the enabling leadership practices that facilitated the creation of the adaptive space vital for the sustainability of the project? To answer the above questions, a template analysis of existing irrigated wheat project documents was done. One of the key lessons from the current analysis is that is the fact that leadership is a co-creation. An additional lesson also is that we must understand that leadership and followership are a complex social phenomenon of interacting leaders and followers in ways that co-produce enabling leadership and its outcomes.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"43 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration of the Oat (Avena sativa) Variety \"Walqaa\" for Vertisols in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Gezahagn Kebede, Fekede Feyissa, K. Mohammed, Mezgeb Workiye, M. Dejene, D. Geleti","doi":"10.59122/14438nb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/14438nb","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, fifteen oat varieties including the standard checks were evaluated for agro-morphological traits, nutritional qualities, disease, and insect pest reactions during the main cropping seasons of 2015- 2018. Based on the overall performance, two best-performing oat varieties (CI-1742 and SRCPX80Ab2596) were selected and verified with the two standard checks at the Kuyu and Ginchi sub-site of Holetta Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping season of 2018. The overall mean result indicated that the released variety, Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596), showed the highest mean DM yield followed by the recent check (SRCPX80Ab2291) while the check variety (CI-8251) which was released earlier and commonly used for vertisol gave the lowest DM yield. Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had the highest percent increase in DM yield, CP yield, and digestible yield advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251) which was released earlier and commonly used for vertisol conditions. Similarly, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had a relatively better percent increase in DM yield, CP yield, and digestible yield advantages over the recently released variety (SRCPX80Ab2291). Moreover, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had seeds yield advantage over the earlier released variety (CI-8251). The nutritional qualities indicated that the candidate varieties had advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251) in terms of the leafto-stem ratio, CP, and IVDMD contents. Generally, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had a relatively better leaf-tostem ratio, CP, and IVDMD advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251). The national variety releasing committee evaluated the varieties at field conditions in October 2018. Based on their evaluation result, oat variety Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) was officially released in November 2019 for production in the high altitude areas and similar agro-ecologies of the country. The pre-basic and basic seeds of the released variety Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) are maintained by the feeds and nutrition research program of Holetta Agricultural Research Center. Keywords: Oat, quality, variety release, variety verification, yield","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to Improve Quality of Fibrous Feeds: Evaluating the potential of Cow Pea (Vigna Unguiculata) accessions grown under sub-humid climatic conditions of Western Ethiopia","authors":"D. Geleti","doi":"10.59122/14439tr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/14439tr","url":null,"abstract":"Five selected cowpea accessions (ILRI 9325, ILRI 11976, ILRI 6782, ILRI 6783 and WWT) were evaluated for herbage dry matter (DMY) and crude protein (CPY) yields, and nutritive value. Among the tested accessions, ILRI 9325, ILRI 6782, ILRI 6783 and WWT gave higher and comparable yields (P<0.01 for DMY; P=0.05 for CPY), with ILRI 9325 giving superior yields. The overall CP content was 17% with a range of 16% for WWT to 18% for ILRI 9325. The overall mean for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin were 43%, 34% and 6%, respectively. The in vitro organic digestibility (IVOMD) ranged from 64% (ILRI 6783) to 69% (WWT). The relative feed value (RFV) index averaged 135 (range = 128 – 142). The mean metabolizable energy (ME) content was 10 MJ/kg DM with a range of 9.5 to 10.4. Three accessions that combined high biomass DM and crude protein yields, and herbage quality were: ILRI 9325, ILRI 11976 and WWT. The two former accessions can thus be promoted to the next variety verification stage alongside with WWT as a check to identify one or two alternative cowpea varieties for official release.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Bovine Clinical Mastitis in Bonke District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abebe Asfaw","doi":"10.59122/13462rw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13462rw","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has the largest cattle population in Africa with an estimated population of 56.71 million. Among these, the cow represents the biggest portion of the cattle population of the country. Currently, around 20.7% of the total cattle heads are milking cows. 85-89 percent of milk is contributed from cattle out of the total annual national milk production in Ethiopia that ranges from 797, 9000 to 1, 197, 500 metric tons of raw milk equivalents.. However, this amount does not satisfy the national demand for milk and milk products in the country due to a number of complex and interrelated factors including inadequate feed and nutrition, widespread diseases, the poor genetic potential of local breeds, poor market chain, and inefficiency of livestock development. Concurrently, mastitis is one of the major and expensive diseases which can alter milk composition, reduce the quality and quantity of milk yield, and indeed cause the culling of dairy cows at their age of high productivity. Clinical mastitis is the types of mastitis emphasized in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 lactating cows to assess the prevalence of bovine clinical mastitis and its potential risk factors in the study area. Out of these 41(10.7%) were found positive for clinical mastitis. All the potential risk factors considered in this study showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The present study concludes that mastitis was a key health problem of lactating cows in the area. Therefore, deliberate control measures against the disease and regular reconnaissance measures are recommended. Keywords: Bonke; bovine clinical mastitis; prevalence; risk factor.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"84 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123536563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of yoga training intervention on health-related physical fitness performance of U- 17 male football project players","authors":"Getahun Mognnet, Elsabet Mesfin","doi":"10.59122/1345bd7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1345bd7","url":null,"abstract":"Yoga training can significantly improve multiple health-related aspects of physical fitness of female subjects. Previous research findings recommend the need to evaluate the impact of yoga in different age groups, components of fitness, and measurement tools, along with the other regular training. So this study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of yogic exercise on selected health-related physical fitness performance of U- 17 male football project players in Dilla Town. A quasi-experimental study design was carried out for 8 weeks. The study was done on 30 players by using a convenient sampling method. The measure of cardiovascular endurance, leg strength, and flexibility of each player was taken and recorded immediately before and shortly after the 8-week yogic training. The mean and standard deviation were determined by using paired sample T-test. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for scientific solution (SPSS version 20.0). The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. It was found that yoga exercise has a significant effect on cardiovascularendurance (10.73 ±1.1 and 12.73±0.88 level) of the yogic group but, almost no change (10.60±1.183 and 10.87±0.990) in a non-yoga group. Yoga exercise improves flexibility (3.30±0.643 and 4.60 ±0.632 cm) of the yogic group but, almost no change in (3.34±0.83 and 3.68±0.60 centimeter) non-yogic group. It also improves leg strength (35.67±3.84 and 38.60±3.24 number) of the yogic group but, almost no change (37.67±3.28 and 37.87±3.38 number) in the non-yogic group. The results of this study showed that yoga exercise has a significant effect on the flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular endurance of football players. Therefore, yoga exercises can be installed in regular football training sessions.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114418156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Drought Conditions, Interventions and Mapping of Vulnerable Areas using NDVI and SPI Indices in Eastern Ethiopia, Somali Region","authors":"Mehari Gidey Gebrewahid, Asfaw Kebede Kasa, Kbrom Ambachew Gebrehiwot, G. Adane","doi":"10.59122/13439fe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13439fe","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of a long-term temporal and spatial drought conditions in Somali region was done using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for 6 meteorological stations and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis were performed by enhancing images from Landsat 5 TM of two different years. CV was computed for Belg season, Deyr season and yearly basis. Rainfall variability for Belg and Deyr was higher than annual variability. Characterization of the temporal variation of drought using 3-months and 6-months SPI for each meteorological station were analyzed and plotted against long time series in yearly basis. The NDVI values and SPI indices were able to show extent and variability of drought. The 3-months SPI results revealed that maximum frequency of severe drought events were experienced in Gode (7 times), followed by Hurso (6 times) within the study period.  The 6-months SPI results show that less frequency of dry and wet events were observed in the entire study period as compared to 3-months SPI results. The frequency of any drought events (moderate to extreme) occurrence in the study area is once in every two years at all stations. Whereas, severe and extreme drought event in majority of study area is commenced nearly once in three years with the exception of Degahabur having once in five years. Overall, a preliminary comparison between results obtained using the SPI and NDVI shows a general good agreements.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114477066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Surface Area Fluctuation of the Haramaya Lake using Remotely Sensed Satellite Imagery","authors":"Kbrom Ambachew Gebrehiwot, A. Fanta, Mehari Gidey Gebrewahid, Birhanu Kindishih Hishe","doi":"10.59122/13469ac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13469ac","url":null,"abstract":"Human’s unwise and ineffective exploitation behavior has caused losses of the vital natural resources, soil and water, which will definitely leave the future of the next generation in jeopardy. As a result of human intervention and natural causes most lakes in Ethiopia are shrinking in size while others are showing increase in volume. The intensive exploitation, beyond its regeneration rate, of the Lake Haramaya for water supply and agricultural purposes by the community within and outside its catchment boundary has led to its extinction. Although, some studies have been conducted on land use/land cover dynamics, the focus given to quantification of temporal variability lake surface area and the impact of weather variability on the lake water was inadequate. Hence, this study was conducted with the prime objective of mapping/quantifying the temporal lake surface area fluctuation using time series remote sensing images and investigating the impact of weather/climate variability on the lake. After acquiring Landsat images of the years 1985, 1995, 2003, 2010 and 2016 over the dry Haramaya Lake basin (path/row 166/54), the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used for enhancing and extracting the open water surface of the lake. All of the enhanced images display a trend of decreasing lake surface water area with an average shrinkage of 23.6% between the year 1985 and up to its disappearance. After 2000 the lake surface area shrinkage was at its maximum which has a direct relation with the occurrence of dry weather as a result ofrelatively higher temperature and low rainfall between the years 2000 to 2003.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Forage Crops Research and Development in Ethiopia: Major Achievements, Challenges and the Way Forward","authors":"Fekede Feyissa, Gezahagn Kebede, D. Geleti, G. Assefa, A. Mengistu","doi":"10.59122/135be51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/135be51","url":null,"abstract":"Feed shortage has been the persistent problem hampering livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia. The conventionally available feed resources (natural pasture and crop residues) are not only limited in quantity but also inferior in quality and cannot meet even the maintenance requirement of the country`s livestock resources. Hence, improvement in livestock production and productivity is unthinkable without intensification in feed production using other complementary feed resources in addition to the existing ones. Improved forage crops have untapped potential to resolve the feed shortage problem and lay down the basis for intensification of livestock production if properly promoted, adopted and utilized in the farming systems. This review paper provides an overview of improved/cultivated forage research and development efforts, important achievements, major constraints associated with forage development in the country and recommendations on the way forward.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133786461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}