OMO International Journal of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of household water handling practices and associated factors among households of Chencha District, southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abayneh Tunje, Mesfin Kote","doi":"10.59122/13441d0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13441d0","url":null,"abstract":"World Health Organization data on the burden of disease suggest that approximately 3.2% of thedeaths (1.8 million) and 4.2% of the disability-adjusted-life years (61.9 million) worldwide areattributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. The present study, therefore, aimed to assesshousehold water handling practices and associated factors among households of Chencha district,southern Ethiopia, 2017. Community based cross-sectional study design and a multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select study participants. Data was collected by trained data collectors using pretested questionnaire administered in face to face interviews after getting ethical clearance from ethical review board of Arba Minch University and informed verbal consent from participants. Data entry and clearing was made by using EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentages was used. Crude and adjusted odds ratio was calculated in Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. In this study 739 respondents were asked about their household water handling practices and the response rate was 100%. The mean age of the participants was 34.62 with a standard deviation of ±8.36 years. From total respondents only 484(65.5%) exercised good water handling practices. Age of respondent (51%), hand washing after toilet (38%), and plastic bucket (16%) were some of the factors that affected safe water handling practices. So, emphasis needs to be given to behavioral change communication to create awareness on water handling practices.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences and Marketing of Afar Goats in Afar Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Kiros Aregay Yfter, Kabsa Tadel Gebre, T. G. Teweldemedhn, Tsige Hailay Hagos, Tikabo Gebremariam Tesfay","doi":"10.59122/1352ef5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1352ef5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess preferences and marketing of Afar goats in Aba’ala, Afar region, Ethiopia. Data were collected using questionnaire and PRA tools from purposively selected 90 goat producers in the village and randomly selected 100 goat buyers in Aba’ala central market. The data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test and MS-Excel. Ranking indices were used to cascade selected animals. Milk yield, coat colour and appearance were the most preferred traits by goat producers to select breeding does while fast growth, appearance and coat colour were for breeding bucks. In the market, buyers’ decision for purchasing breeding doe was influenced by the coat colour, overall appearance and age of the breeding doe. While body weight, coat colour and appearance were very important attributes for purchasing breeding buck. Market price was highly(P<0.01) affected by body weight of the marketed goat rather than coat colour. The market price of castrated buck had higher price compared to the breeding doe, female replacement, and male replacement. The most important production constraints were drought and feed scarcity. The current finding can be used to design interventions for productivity improvement of the goats and marketing system in the study area. Concerned bodies like  governmental and non-governmental organizations should conduct detail and broad investigation on the customer preferences and marketing system for development of viable Afar goat value chain.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121532484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed resources availability, feeding system and feed balance of sheep in Arba Minch Zuria District of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Esatu Bekele, Y. Kechero, Chencha Chebo","doi":"10.59122/13407a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13407a6","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried to characterize available feed resource, feeding system and feed balance of sheep in Arba Minch Zuria District of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The district was selected based on its high potential for sheep production and urgent need of feed resource assessment for sheep production. Assuming there might be feed and feeding system variability across agro-ecologies (AEZ), the study district was stratified into three distinctive agro-ecologies, namely highland (HL), midland (ML) and lowland (LL). Following probability proportional to size sampling technique, a total of 138 households were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. In addition, a Focus Group Discussion with 12 households was conducted in each agro-ecology. The data obtained through these tools were analyzed using SPSS version 20. One-way variance analysis was used for the continuous data, whereas statistical variations in categorical data were tested using chi-square and t-test, with significantdifferences at P<0.05. The major reported available feed resources for sheep were pasture, crop residue and crop aftermath grazing in both wet and dry seasons. Feeding systems widely practiced in all AEZs were tethering, stall feeding and free grazing system in both dry and wet seasons. The dry matter (DM) production of feed from pasture, crop residues, crop aftermath, foliage of fodder trees and shrubs in the study area was 115,416.5 tons per year. The total feed DM requirement for 129,736.2 TLU was 295,928.27 tons per year. From the total tropical livestock units (TLU) of the district, sheep accounts about 2,925.5 TLU and requires 6673.1 tons of feed annually. The total DM produced per year in the district can only supply the animals for approximately 6 months; in the rest of the year, animals suffer from feed shortage. Therefore, introduction and use of best practices, conservation techniques and alternative feed production technologies are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126262156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yam landrace diversity and distribution in Basketo and Dera Malo Districts, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Tizazu Gebre","doi":"10.59122/1342815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1342815","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder farmers grow diverse crop landraces in their fields which contribute to the capacities of agricultural systems to adapt to environmental changes through maintaining broad genetic variations of crops, and there by allowing evolution of crops to continue. This study, therefore, was conducted on yam landrace diversity and distribution in two districts in South West Ethiopia, namely Basketo and Deramalo districts of which eight yam growing communities (four from each district) were included with the purpose of finding out the diversity and distribution of yam farmers’ landraces on cultivation in the study area. 248 yam farmer informants were selected for collecting data through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and yam landrace count on the bases of field observations. A total of 25 yam varieties were recorded with a mean of 8 at a household level. Invariably in the eight study communities, most of the varieties were cultivated in small areas by few households, depicting serious genetic erosion of yams in the communities. There was also a significant difference among the study sites in the mean yam landrace richness and diversity at 95% level of significance (p<0.05). In addition, the study showed that there is a trend of gradual withdrawal of the cultivation of some yam landraces due to various reasons. Hence, interventions that align individuals’ and society’s interests to maintain the viability of on-farmconservation of yam landraces may be needed.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116390882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woody Species Diversity and Carbon Stock Estimation of Dorze Ayira Natural Forest, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Temesgen Dingamo, S. Takele","doi":"10.59122/1341494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1341494","url":null,"abstract":"Forests play a significant role in mitigating climate change by sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. This study was aimed to investigate woody species diversity and to estimate the carbon stock potential at Dorze Ayira Natural Forest at Chencha District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Systematic sampling techniques were used to collected vegetation data from twenty 20m×20m quadrats. Aboveground carbon and belowground carbon were estimated using allometric equations. Additional 1m×1m subplot was laid for literal and soil samples data collection using destructive methods. A total of 26 woody species represented by 25 genera and 19 families were identified. The mean aboveground biomass and carbon density were 50.87±9.98 and 23.91 ± 4.69 t/ha, respectively. On the other hand, the mean belowground biomass and carbon density were 10.18 ± 1.996 and 4.78 ± 0.94 t/ha.. The average sum of all carbon pools in the study area was 91.74t/ha. The corresponding average CO2 equivalents of all carbon pools was 336.69 ton/ha. The mean leaf literal, herb and grass biomass and carbon stock were estimated to be 2.96 ± 0.49 and 1.39 ± 0.23 t/ha, respectively. Furthermore, the mean soil organic carbon was 60.95±13.49ton/ha (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 20-30cm depth). The result of the current total carbon stock capacity of Dorze Ayra forest revealed its contribution to climate change mitigation. Therefore, the forest needs more protection and due attention to reduce its current anthropogenic pressures.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117049933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Classification for Sustainable Water Management in Tikurwuha Watershed, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"G. Ayalew","doi":"10.59122/1342382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1342382","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted during the 2016/17 in Tikurwuha watershed, Blue Nile, Ethiopia to classify soils using FAO/WRB criteria for sustainable water management. Four soil profiles of Awuzet (AP) at eucalyptus plantation, cultivated and grazing lands were described In-situ using FAO/WRB guideline. Soil samples were collected from pedogenic horizons and they were analyzed for soil color, texture, bulk density (BD), pH and organic carbon (OC). FAO/WRB soil classification legend was used to classify the soils. Surface soil color was 7.5YR4/2 (yellowish red) for AP0-1 and AP0-2 and 7.5YR5/1 for AP0-3. All profiles, except AP0-3 were clay in texture. Highest OC (4.19%) was registered at the subsurface of AP0-3. Bulk densities of AP0-1, AP0-2 and AP0-3 ranged from 0.98 to 1.37, 0.98 to 1.53 and 98 to 1.23 g cm-3, respectively. All soil profiles were characterized by their acidic nature. Generally AP0-1, AP0-2 and AP0-3 were identified as Luvisols, Vertisols and Cambisols at intensively cultivated land, grazing land and plantation, respectively. This soil classification map, therefor, can facilitate soil and water conservation planning and, thus, it can point to sustainable utilization of water management in the region and other parts of the country with similar agro-ecology.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131006739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sheep Breeding Practices and Reproductive Performances in Arba Minch Zuria District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Esatu Bekele, Y. Kechero, Chencha Chebo","doi":"10.59122/1341838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1341838","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried to characterize breeding practices and reproductive performances of sheep genotypeskept in Arba Minch Zuria District. This study area was selected for its potential of sheep production andexistence of various sheep types. It was stratified into three distinctive agro-ecologies; highland (HL), midland(ML) and lowland (LL). For survey data collection, a total of 138 households were selected using probabilityproportional sampling technique. They were interviwed using structured interview questions. A focus groupdiscussion was also made with 12 members who were knowledgeable enough about sheep production andrelated intervention events in the study area. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the SocialScience (SPSS) version 20. Statistical variations in categorical data were tested by means of cross tabs withsignificant differences at P < 0.05. The overall purposes of sheep rearing across all agroecological zones weresources of income, saving, meat production, sharing the risk and manure production, ranked first to fifthrespectively. Breeding system was generally uncontrolled and no planned selection of breeding stock waspracticed. Rams were herded together with ewes. Body size, coat color and length and fatty tail type (forBonga and Doyogena) were the most frequently reported traits in selecting breeding rams; whereas size, color,tail size and twinning rate were mentioned as traits given due emphasis in choosing future breeding ewes. Theoverall age at first lambing was 12.81±0.14 months, lambing interval was 7.52±.08 months and litter size was1.50±.08 lamb per sheep (P < 0.05). A high lambing month was extended from April to May. As per thecurrent reproductive performance, the sheep breeds of the study could be categorized as medium levelproductivity. Therefore; considering a huge and valuable contribution of sheep production to the producers;besides this survey information further confirmatory record based research is highly recommended to identifyand select superior animals based on their performance for economically important traits. In addition, theuncontrolled breeding practice of the study communities should be minimized.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121041669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield Performance and Nutritive Value of Vetch Species Grown on Nitosol and Vertisol Conditions in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Gezahagn Kebede, Fekede Feyissa, H. Mohammed, G. Assefa, M. Alemayehu, A. Mengistu, Mamaru Tesfaye","doi":"10.59122/1346262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/1346262","url":null,"abstract":"Five vetch species were evaluated for basic quantitative and qualitative traits at Holetta and Ginchi in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the main cropping season. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at each location. The result revealed that a species of vetch respond differently (P < 0.05) for most measured traits at both locations. The tallest plant height was recorded for Vicia dasycarpa and Vicia atropurpurea at Holetta and Ginchi respectively. On the other hand, Vicia narbonensis had the shortest plant height at both locations. Vetch species which have an erect growth habit and shorter plant height had a fast biomass production rate than creeping and taller species. Late maturing vetch species gave higher forage dry matter and its morphological fraction yields than early maturing vetch species at both testing sites. Vicia villosa gave relatively higher dry matter yield, whereas Vicia narbonensis gave the lowest at both locations. Early maturing vetch species had comparatively shorter grain filling period and higher grain sink filling rate than intermediate to late maturing species. The highest number of pods per plant was obtained from Vicia villosa at Holetta and Vicia dasycarpa at Ginchi whereas Vicia narbonensis had the lowest at bothlocations. The highest pod length was obtained from Vicia narbonensis and Vicia sativa gave the highest number of seeds per pod. Vicia sativa and Vicia narbonensis gave the highest seed yield at Holetta and Ginchi, respectively. The highest thousand seed weight was recorded for Vicia narbonensis whereas the lowest for Vicia dasycarpa and Vicia villosa at Holetta and Ginchi, respectively. Moreover, forage quality of vetch species varied across testing sites. Vicia dasycarpa had the highest ash content, crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility than the remaining vetch species. Generally, late maturing vetch species had better forage dry matter yield and nutritional qualities than other vetch species and with this preliminary result, these vetch species are suggested for proper utilization as livestock feed in the central highlands of Ethiopia. However, furtherevaluation of the species over locations and years is very important to come up with a better recommendation.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124015233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Enduring Nature of Dryland Agro-ecosystems: Irrigated and Rain-fed Land Uses in Chamo Sub Basin, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"T. Ayele, Degife Asefa, M. Ayana","doi":"10.59122/134cdb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/134cdb4","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing soils, land use and providing suggestion for sustainable utilization of land resources in the Ethiopian Rift valley flat plain areas of Lake Chamo Sub-Basin is essential. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to characterize land use constraints and to assess the status of organic matter, macro and micro-nutrients and soil salinity for planning appropriate land management. A systematic soil survey and field observations weremade to gather information on land uses. Physiognomic vegetation classification was done in accordance with the FAO classification system, i.e. annual croppings, perennial croppings, grazing land and natural forest. A total of 120 soil samples were randomly collected from different land uses, which were prepared into 12 composites and analyzed in Ethiopia Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise Laboratory. Organic matter, nitrogen, base saturation, exchangeable (potassium, calcium and magnesium), and phosphorus contents were low in cultivated soils compared to natural forest. Soil salinity was observed in irrigated banana and cotton field soils compared to rain-fed agriculture. Clay, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were positively correlated with organic matter and electrical conductivity. Also soluble cations and anions were varied along different land uses. Also, organic matter, exchangeable (sodium, calcium), cation exchange capacity, phosphorus and micronutrient contentswere positively correlated with soluble salts and electrical conductivity.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133922877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Cooking Quality of Rice Genotypes","authors":"B. Tadesse, K. Abegaz","doi":"10.59122/13530bb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59122/13530bb","url":null,"abstract":"Even though rice production is expanding in Ethiopia, very little information is available on the grain quality of rice. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the physicochemical and cooking qualities of rice genotypes. The physicochemical analysis of 15 rice genotypes conducted at the food and nutrition Laboratory of Bahirdar University showed that most of the genotypes had high to intermediate amylose content, which showed the susceptibility of the genotypes for stickiness. The cooking time of the 15 rice genotypes ranged from 12 to 30 minutes and the loss of solid during cooking was from 1.94 to 5.31%. Nonsignificant (P < 0.05) difference was found in grain elongation in most of the genotypes. Optimum cooking time was positively correlated with the water uptake ratio, alkali spread value and ash content. This shows that the presence of minerals elongate the cooking period. Gel consistency had positively correlated with alkali spread value but it had negatively correlated to ash, water uptake ratio and optimum cooking time. Generally, it was found that some genotypes had favorable grain quality and good correlation with most important characteristics. Even though good cooking characteristics were found in some of the genotypes, it is highly recommended to characterize more genotypes and improve important cooking quality traits of rice in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":353130,"journal":{"name":"OMO International Journal of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129488995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}