Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

{"title":"[Bioactive components of holothurians: Molecular bases and mechanisms of geroprotective action.]","authors":"D I Znatdinov, T V Doronina, I V Borzova, N P Mikhailova","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern gerontology views aging as a plastic process, opening opportunities for its modulation through nutritional and pharmacological interventions. This review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of a unique marine biological source - holothurian (sea cucumber) tissues - considered as a promising multicomponent basis for the development of novel geroprotective agents. Key bioactive compounds, primarily isolated from the body wall, are examined in detail: low-molecular-weight matrikine peptides and a unique spectrum of triterpene glycosides. Their ability for synergistic, multitargeted action on key mechanisms of cellular and tissue aging is highlighted, such as the regulation of oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2 pathway, suppression of chronic inflammation (inflammaging) through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling cascade, maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis, and modulation of cellular metabolism. The review systematizes current experimental data demonstrating the efficacy of holothurian hydrolysate in models of skin photoaging, accelerated wound repair, reduction of atherosclerotic manifestations, neuroprotection, and correction of metabolic disorders, among others. Particular attention is paid to a critical limitation for oral forms - the problem of age-associated bioavailability of active components. Promising pharmacotechnological solutions to overcome it are analyzed, particularly innovative delivery systems based on alginate matrices. This review aims to systematically summarize current experimental data on the molecular mechanisms underlying the geroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from sea cucumbers. The focus is on the synergistic, multitarget action of matrikine peptides and triterpene glycosides on key drivers of cellular and tissue aging. In addition, the review examines promising pharmacotechnological strategies designed to enhance the bioavailability of these compounds. The presented data substantiate the prospect of creating safe, standardized complexes based on holothurian hydrolysate, which aligns with current trends in preventive, multitargeted, and personalized gerontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chronic kidney disease in patients over 80 years after myocardial infarction: The role of biomarkers and albuminuria in predicting outcomes (a prospective 12-month study).]","authors":"I A Zolotvskaya, M E Ramodina, M A Pashina, P R Shatskay","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular events was performed in 318 patients aged 80 years and older during 12 months after myocardial infarction (MI). Patients were divided into 2 groups: with CKD (n=164) and without CKD (n=154). It was found that in patients with CKD, the urinary concentration of KIM-1 and the level of microalbuminuria (UACR) were significantly higher and remained elevated during the year, correlating with the rate of eGFR decline (r=-0,47; p<0,01) and NT-proBNP level. The median time to cardiovascular event in the CKD group was 198 [112; 289] days versus 312 [245; 358] days in the comparison group (p<0,001). The risk of the composite endpoint (death, recurrent MI, stroke) in the CKD group was 2,9 times higher (p<0,001). Independent predictors of adverse outcomes were KIM-1 >1,5 ng/ml (HR=2,3), UACR >30 mg/g (HR=2,1) and anemia (HR=1,8). The obtained data confirm that KIM-1 and microalbuminuria are significant predictors of adverse renal and cardiac prognosis in geriatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"371-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Errors in the diagnosis of chronic heart failure among outpatient elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.]","authors":"N A Pervyshin, O A Shtegman","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.008","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective - to study the incidence of chronic heart failure (CHF), including clinical manifestations, assessment of the concentration of the precursor of the brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) hospitalized in the department of endocrinology as planned. The single-stage observational study included 83 patients with DM2 aged 60 to 74,9 years who were hospitalized in the Department of endocrinology as planned. All participants underwent standard physical, including clinical assessment of the presence of CHF, laboratory (determination of Nt-proBNP by a semi-quantitative method) and instrumental (echocardiographic) examinations. In elderly patients with DM2, the frequency of outpatient diagnosis of CHF is 43%, while 76% of the study participants had Nt-proBNP levels exceeding 125 pg/ml, and 97,6% retained ejection fraction. In 30% of patients with Nt-proBNP below the diagnostic threshold, stage 1 CHF has already been clinically established. 52,4% (n=33) of patients with Nt-proBNP ≥125 pg/ml had not been diagnosed with CHF before, of which 24,2% (n=8) were in the range of Nt-proBNP 125-449 pg/ml, and 45,5% (n=15) were in the range of 450-899 pg/ml. in the range of 900-1799 pg/ml - 18,2% (n=6) and in the range ≥1800 pg/ml - 12,1% (n=4) of the patient. The erased clinical symptoms of CHF in DM2 hinder timely diagnosis at the outpatient stage and increase the importance of evidence-based laboratory and instrumental methods, which serves as an argument for mandatory determination of Nt-proBNP and echocardiographic examination in elderly patients with DM2 and requires the development of algorithms for the personalization of diagnostic and therapeutic measures based on objective criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 2","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Age-related features of postural control among elderly women with fear of falling.]","authors":"A V Dyomin, A N Ilnitski, A A Spitsyna","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.012","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fear of falling, also known as basophobia, is a significant but often underappreciated issue among elderly women. This study seeks to identify age-related features of postural control components (PCCs) among women between the ages of 63 and 74 with a fear of falling (FoF). We examined a total of 146 women between the ages of 63 and 74 who had postural instability and FoF (the latter confirmed by a psychologist). The first group included women who were 63 to 69 years old, while the second one was made up of those between 70 and 74 years old. PCCs were assessed with the use of the Smart Equitest Balance Manager, a computerised dynamic posturography system. We conducted Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Motor Control Test (MCT), and Rhythmic Weight Shift (RWS) tests. SOT results exhibited a decline in postural strategy in tests 5 and 6 among FoF-affected women over the age of 69. Those changes indicate increased postural fluctuations while maintaining the static and dynamic balance. Additionally, the RWS test demonstrated reduced intentional control and slower velocity of centre-of-gravity movement in the sagittal plane among the second group of women. The identified alterations in PCCs may also cause a severe FoF in 70-year-old women with postural instability. The results of this study confirm age-related differences in the development and progression of basophobia. A more detailed analysis of the obtained data revealed age-related differences in the sensory support of postural control, which may increase the risk of basophobia development. At least 25% of 70-year-old women had the FoF associated with reduced vestibular control in balance, whereas in at least 25% of 60-year-old women, the same was associated with a decrease in visual input as well as an inability of somatosensory and vestibular input to compensate for such a deficit for better postural control. Furthermore, the decline in visual control in balance observed in 60-year-old women suffering from postural instability can be regarded as an early indicator leading to the subsequent development of basophobia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 2","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly and very old patients with non-ST-segment acute coronary syndrome.]","authors":"T R Vildanov, N G Lukyanov, K L Kozlov, S V Vlasenko, S G Shcherbak, Z R Shapykov","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the early and late results of coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly and very old patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control) - 41 elderly patients, and Group 2 (study) - 42 elderly patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. In-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the study groups; however, after three years of follow-up, mortality in the elderly group reached 26,2% versus 14,6% in the elderly group. Of the deceased patients, 63,6% did not achieve complete revascularization, requiring subsequent emergency hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 2","pages":"250-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Visual age and premature aging.]","authors":"Y A Mezentsev, O A Osipova, A A Stepaniants, O M Pavlidi","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.013","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual age reflects a set of external signs formed under the influence of genetic factors, environmental conditions, lifestyle, and general health status. The relationship between visual age, biological age, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is discussed. Particular attention is given to morphological changes of facial skin and soft tissues, as well as to the role of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in accelerating aging processes. Assessment of visual age may serve as an additional indicator for identifying premature aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"427-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of kidney dysfunction biomarkers with risk factors for development of chronic heart failure in middle-aged and elderly individuals.]","authors":"I T Murkamilov, K A Aitbaev, V V Fomin, Z A Murkamilova, V P Mikhin, Z R Rayimzhanov, S S Khakimov, G K Duisheeva, J I Solizhonov, T F Yusupova, F A Yusupov, M S Abdykadyrov, O T Zakirov, K A Gassanov, I A Abdibaliyev","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.005","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the most common pathological condition in geriatric practice. The increasing prevalence of CHF with age is driven by the rapid global rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD); their combination is particularly unfavorable. Objective: To investigate the relationship between biomarkers of renal dysfunction and CHF risk factors in middle-aged and elderly individuals with NCDs. This retrospective study included 357 patients (173 men, 184 women) aged 45-74 years. Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data were analyzed for all patients. The entire cohort was divided into two groups: group 1 - patients with NCDs and LVH (n=136); group 2 - patients with NCDs without LVH (n=221). Results showed that, compared to patients without LVH, those with LVH had significantly higher age, years, systolic blood pressure, prevalence of CAD, cerebrovascular disease, CKD, fibrinogen, cystatin C, creatinine, and proteinuria. Conversely, they had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and left ventricular (LV) E/A ratio. In middle-aged and elderly patients with NCDs, statistically significant positive correlations were found between cystatin C levels and blood triglyceride concentration (r=0,163, p<0,05), as well as between cystatin C levels and LV diastolic filling deceleration time (r=0,150, p<0,05). Additionally, eGFR was correlated with LV E/A ratio (r=0,181, p<0,05), LV early diastolic filling deceleration time (r=-0,211, p<0,05), and right ventricular deceleration time (r=-0,166, p<0,05). The findings may serve as cardiorenal markers in implementing a geriatric approach and in developing algorithms for multidisciplinary care for middle-aged and elderly patients with NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dynamics of geriatric status in older patients under conditions of prolonged hypomobility during the COVID-19 pandemic.]","authors":"A S Rukavishnikov, O M Kuzminov, S G Gorelik, D P Piskunov","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictive measures introduced during this period had a significant impact on the health status of older adults. In this regard, particular interest is focused on assessing changes in geriatric status, especially the transition from prefrailty to established frailty syndrome under conditions of prolonged physical inactivity and social isolation. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of geriatric status in older patients during prolonged exposure to reduced mobility conditions during lockdown. The study included 525 patients aged 65-74 years residing in residential social care institutions. All participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, including monitoring of somatic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index), handgrip dynamometry, and the six-minute walk test. Examinations were performed at baseline and repeated after 1 and 6 months of follow-up. It was established that marked unfavorable changes in the structure of geriatric status occurred over the six-month observation period. The prevalence of prefrailty decreased from 35,8 to 14,1%, which was associated with the transition of a substantial proportion of patients to the frailty category. At the same time, the prevalence of frailty syndrome increased from 49,5 to 72%. In addition, the number of patients with mild, moderate, and severe frailty increased by 11,6; 6,1 and 4,4%, respectively. The obtained results indicate that prolonged mobility restriction and social isolation are significant factors contributing to deterioration of geriatric status and acceleration of frailty progression. These findings confirm the importance of early identification of prefrailty and timely implementation of preventive and corrective interventions aimed at preserving functional independence in older patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"454-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative characteristics of the demographic aging dynamics of the Russia populations: 1959-2020.]","authors":"V I Telnov","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.001","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study was a comparatiave analysis of the demographic aging of the Russia and France populations using a new concept of aging - prospective age - which characterizes life expectancy, population health, and other parameters. The study was conducted using official data from the International Mortality Database and Demographic Yearbooks of Russia. The rates of dynamics and directions of traditional and alternative indicators of aging, person-years lived, life expectancy, life potential, life balance index, mortality, age at death and survival in age groups as well as in the entire populations of Russia and France over the past 60 years were studied. It was found that the growth rates of traditional indicators of aging, originally more favorable, in Russia were higher than in France, and the direction of alternative indicators was negative. Unlike the population of France, the dynamics of age-specific life expectancy for men and women in Russia significantly lagged behind the increase in person-years lived, as a result of which the life balance index decreased in Russia but remained high in France due to more positive dynamics. Important factors in the unfavorable aging of Russians were high mortality and a lower age at death, which was due not only to a lower age at death, but also to a larger proportion of deaths in younger age groups. Compared to the progressive aging of the France population, the aging of the Russia population is regressive. The country lacks demographic conditions for progressive aging and the emergence of «young» old people, since the dynamics of life expectancy as well as life potential in general does not progress, remaining monotonically oscillatory against the background of an increase in the average age of the population, especially among men, due to high and premature mortality. The features of regressive aging in Russians and the criteria for progressive aging in the developed Western countries, by the example of France, were determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Predictors of exercise tolerance during early rehabilitation after endovascular revascularization in elderly patients with acute coronary heart disease.]","authors":"E V Rybin, A G Obrezan","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.011","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise tolerance, determined in the early stages of cardiac rehabilitation during exercise tests upon discharge from the hospital, is an important functional indicator of the cardiovascular system in patients with coronary heart disease after revascularization operations. Exercise tolerance should be taken into account when planning and evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures at all stages of treatment. 126 elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome were examined. Emergency angioplasty and coronary artery stenting were performed. Examination, treatment, and inpatient rehabilitation were performed in accordance with clinical guidelines, protocols, and standards for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Before patients were discharged from the hospital, transferred to an inpatient rehabilitation department, or a specialized sanatorium, stress tests were performed on patients (the symptom was a limited bicycle ergometry and a six-minute walking test). According to the results of early exercise tests, patients are stratified by the level of exercise tolerance. To identify clinical predictors that affect the results of exercise tests and, consequently, the level of exercise tolerance in general, a step-by-step discriminant analysis was performed, which allowed us to identify significant factors that determine the formation of exercise tolerance. The influence of such predictors as body mass index, troponin level determined 24 hours after endovascular myocardial revascularization, systolic function of the left ventricle on exercise tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease after endovascular myocardial revascularization was determined. Exercise tolerance predictors are the basis for building personalized cardiac rehabilitation and developing safe and effective physical rehabilitation programs at all stages of medical care after revascularization surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 1","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}