Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

{"title":"[The role of changes in the intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic syndrome in the elderly (literature review).]","authors":"E M Ivanova, K O Kosmina, A U Shumkov, A M Zabezhinsky, A M Mayorova, K P Raevskii","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the modern world, considerable attention is paid to cardiovascular diseases, which, according to WHO, remain the leading cause of death. One of the key risk factors for their development is metabolic syndrome (MS), the prevalence of which is steadily increasing. An increase in the number of people with obesity, changes in eating behavior and reduced physical activity contribute to the progression of MS, and also affect the composition and functional state of the intestinal microbiota. In recent years, more and more data indicate that the microbiota plays an important role not only in the pathogenesis of MS, but also in the aging process. Gerontology considers intestinal microflora as one of the targets for action in order to slow down age-related changes and reduce the risk of age-associated diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Intestinal dysbiosis can contribute to the development of systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, which makes the study of its mechanisms in the context of gerontology particularly relevant. The search for new links in the pathogenesis of MS and its relationship with changes in the microbiota opens up prospects for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies, which, in turn, can contribute to an increase in the duration and quality of life. The purpose of the review is to analyze and systematize modern scientific data on the relationship between intestinal microbiota, metabolic syndrome and aging processes, to identify new pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of age-associated diseases. The work uses publications, mainly for the last 5 years, from the PubMed, eLIBRARY, ScienceDirect databases, including review articles, meta-analyses and clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 2","pages":"243-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Vascular aging, vascularity in the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma.]","authors":"Y E Filippova, A N Ilnitskiy, T N Malishevskaya, V V Bashuk, E V Renzyak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the aging of the population, the prevalence of age-associated diseases, including glaucoma, increases. Despite the contribution of vascular disorders to the development and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), knowledge about the relationship between the ocular vascular bed and systemic vessels and sensory aging in glaucoma is limited. Objective: to determine how vascular aging and vascularity changes contribute to POAG progression. A total of 177 elderly patients (350 eyes) were examined. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination, assessment of sensory aging (Md, PSD indices, GCS indices according to OCT data, age and frailty), assessment of vascular parameters (reactive hyperemia test (RHT), ocular pulse and blood flow in the vessels of the extremities, lipidogram). Data analysis showed statistically significant changes in vascularity and vascular aging in elderly patients with POAG progression. Vascular and sensory aging are risk factors for POAG progression. The most significant predictors of glaucoma progression were identified - hemodynamic disorders, vascularity indices against the background of vascular aging in elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 2","pages":"222-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anti-aging klotho protein content in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (pilot study).]","authors":"I M Madaeva, O N Berdina, N A Kurashova, L F Sholokhov, A A Pytkina, S I Kolesnikov, L I Кolesnikovа","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Klotho protein has become known as a biomarker of aging through experimental studies in mice. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the role of this protein in the development of various age-related diseases. However, there are very few studies on the effect of the Klotho protein on sleep disorders. We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study in which we examined the levels of Klotho protein in 27 men with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The average age of the patients was 54 [43; 59] years. The control group included 15 men selected according to the «copy-pair» principle. We used standard polysomnography to objectively assess the quantitative characteristics of sleep and respiration. Severe OSA was 0diagnosed if the apnea/hypopnea index exceeded 30 events per hour and was accompanied by significant desaturation. To determine the protein level, we used enzyme immunoassay with a commercial SEH757Hu kit manufactured by «Cloud-Clone Corp.» (USA). The data is presented as a median, upper and lower quartiles. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the indicators between the groups. When comparing groups based on qualitative characteristics, the chi-square (χ2) criterion was used, with the Yates' correction for continuity applied. In the case of a small number of observation units (0 to 5, inclusive, in one of the compared groups), the Fisher's exact test was applied. The results showed that patients with severe OSA had significantly lower levels of klotho protein compared to the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 3","pages":"365-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Age-related changes in the energy metabolism of males living in the North for a long time.]","authors":"S I Vdovenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ecological and climatic environmental factors of the North-East of Russia place special demands on the optimal functioning of the physiological systems of the body of people living in these conditions for a long time. At the same time, the issue of age-related changes in the energy metabolism of the inhabitants of the North has not been studied widely enough. The aim of the study was to identify changes in the energy metabolism of Magadan men of various age groups - adolescents, young men, mature and older men by indirect calorimetry. The analysis made it possible to establish the dynamics of the age-related pattern of energy metabolism, characterized by intensification in adolescence while maintaining high values in adulthood and, especially, in old age, significantly exceeding the normative values. The identified regional features are aimed at maximizing the effective maintenance of homeostasis in individuals who are constantly exposed to the adverse abiotic factors of the North.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 3","pages":"392-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Restoration and maintenance of physical activity in elderly patients with musculoskeletal disorders: A literature review.]","authors":"D N Bobunov, M D Didur, V I Kartashova, D A Shamin, A I Popadyuk, E L Golikova, S O Cherednik, M A Popadyuk, E P Boldyreva, I E Iurchenko","doi":"10.34922/AE.2025.38.5.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2025.38.5.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article examines the role of therapeutic physical training in restoring and maintaining physical activity in elderly patients with degenerative-dystrophic musculoskeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, dorsopathies, spondylosis). The relevance of the topic is determined by the increasing number of elderly patients with these pathologies and the need to find effective non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods. Based on the analysis of modern literature data, it is shown that regular therapeutic exercise helps reduce pain, improve joint mobility, strengthen the muscular system, and enhance quality of life. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of the positive effects of physical exercise on tissue trophism and patients functional status. The review results confirm the necessity of including individually tailored therapeutic exercise programs in the comprehensive rehabilitation of elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 5","pages":"655-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Preservation of the stimulatory effect of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor allosteric agonist on thyroid hormone level in aging rats with obesity].","authors":"K V Derkach, I R Nazarov, I I Zorina, A O Shpakov","doi":"10.34922/AE.2025.38.5.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2025.38.5.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In conditions of aging, the functions of the thyroid gland (TG) change, and in obesity these changes are expressed to a greater extent and often lead to the resistance of the TG to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a deficiency of thyroid hormones (TH). One of the approaches to compensate for the TH deficiency may be the use of allosteric agonists of the TSH receptor, including the compound TPY3m developed by us. The aim of the work was to study its effect on the thyroid status in aging (18 months) male Wistar rats with and without obesity in comparison with thyroliberin (TRH), which increases the level of TSH in the blood. Obesity was induced by a 12-week high-fat diet (from the age of 15 months), TPY3m was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg (i.p.), and TRH at a dose of 100 μg/rat (intranasally). The levels of free thyroxine (fT4), free and total triiodothyronine (fT3, tT3) and TSH were determined using ELISA. In aging rats without obesity (С18), no significant changes in thyroid status were found compared to young rats (5 months, С5), with the exception of a decrease in the fT3 level. In aging obese animals (OB18), compared to С18, the levels of fT4 and fT3 were decreased, the level of TSH was increased (by 76%), and the integrated thyroid index (ITI) was decreased (by 58%), which indicates a weakening of TH synthesis and the development of thyroid resistance to TSH. TRH increased the levels of TH and TSH in all groups. However, the TRH-induced increase in the fT4 level in the C18+TRH group was lower than in C5+TRH, and in the OB18+TRH group it was lower than in C18+TRH. In the OB18+TRH group, a tendency towards a decrease in the TRH-induced increase in fT3 was also shown. At the same time, the stimulating effect of TPY3m on TH levels in all studied groups of animals was characterized by stability and did not depend on diet and age. This indicates that the magnitude of the stimulatory effects of TPY3m on TH levels and TSH receptor sensitivity in rats is maintained with age and obesity, suggesting that TPY3m may be useful for developing drugs to compensate for TH deficiency in aging and metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 5","pages":"785-792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comorbidity in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.]","authors":"A S Markova, O T Bogova, K B Mirzaev, S S Puzin, V N Potapov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents an analysis of comorbidity in the studied groups with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The main group included 70 senile patients (75-90 years old) with ACS, the control group included elderly and middle-aged patients (45-74 years old) with ACS. The category of elderly patients is characterized, on the one hand, by the polymorbidity of pathological conditions with specific manifestations of each of them, mainly the chronic course of existing diseases, and, on the other hand, by the complexity of diagnosis and selection of drug therapy. The high prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and its frequent pathogenetic relationship with various comorbid diseases and conditions pose a serious problem for any clinician, since he needs to take into account several components of therapy, which makes it difficult to monitor the effectiveness of treatment, increases the likelihood of local and systemic side effects of drugs, and reduces adherence to therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 3","pages":"359-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The structure of hypoglycemic therapy in a comorbid elderly patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the outpatient specialized registry.]","authors":"N A Pervyshin, S V Bulgakova, R A Galkin, P A Lebedev, Y A Dolgikh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective - a comprehensive clinical assessment of the structure of hypoglycemic therapy in an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with an emphasis on concomitant manifestations of metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia). The study was carried out according to a retrospective design; the sample consisted of 462 comorbid elderly patients with DM2, whose primary clinical data were stored and systematized in an outpatient registry using developed digital tools and a specialized formalized protocol. Indicators of clinical and metabolic status and the structure of hypoglycemic therapy were studied. A high prevalence of concomitant diseases (hypertension - 92%, obesity - 63%, dyslipidemia - 86%) was revealed, the pathogenesis of which is closely interrelated with insulin resistance and is associated with age. A significant discrepancy between the average values of key indicators of therapeutic control of diabetes and the target ranges was noted: HbA1c (8,35±2,02%), systolic blood pressure (134,93±9,48 mmHg), LDL (2,60±1,19 mmol/L). A high proportion of prescribing insulins (46,3%), including short-acting ones (22,6%), as well as drugs that stimulate glucose-independent insulin secretion (39,8%), was determined in the structure of sugar-lowering therapy, which indicates that the clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome are not always taken into account when choosing therapeutic tactics.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 1","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tumor necrosis factor receptors-1 in fibroblasts of human dermis in the process of physiological aging.]","authors":"A G Gunin, N N Golubtzova, T G Denisova, E V Miheeva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this work was to examine the content of TNF receptors-1 in fibroblasts of human dermis from the development until 85 years old, and defining of a role of this protein age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis. The study was performed on skin samples from the lower part of the anterior surface of the neck obtained during autopsy of human fetuses who died from various causes antenatally at 20-40 weeks of pregnancy, and people who died from various causes at the age from birth to 85 years. A total of 121 skin fragments were used. TNF receptors-1, proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of fibroblasts vimentin were detected with indirect immunohistochemical staining. Results showed that portion of fibroblasts with positive staining for TNF receptors-1 in the dermis is increased from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 20 years old followed by a little decrease to 40 years old. In age interval from 40 to 85 years old, the number of fibroblasts in dermis with TNF receptors-1 remain almost unchanged, but their level is lower than that observed from birth to 20 years old interval. General number and portion of PCNA positive fibroblasts in dermis are decreased with age with more expressed changes until 40 years old. Correlation analysis showed that age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferative activity is significantly associated with changes in the number of dermal fibroblasts positively stained for TNF receptors-1. Results obtained allow to suggest that TNF receptors-1 plays a role in age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferation in human dermis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 4","pages":"605-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Long-term care system in Russia: Achievements and prospects (overview).]","authors":"A S Bashkireva, N P Baranova, D Y Bogdanova, P P Anikeev, A V Shishko, M A Sevastyanov, T V Bondarenko, G M Podoprigora","doi":"10.34922/AE.2025.38.5.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2025.38.5.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the phased implementation of the long-term care system (LTCS) in Russia. The relevance of the topic is due to the increase in the number of elderly and disabled citizens in need of medical, social and psychological assistance. The analysis of existing approaches to the organization of long-term care for the elderly, the disabled and other categories of citizens in need of constant support is carried out. The article includes an assessment of the legislative framework, tasks, advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of LTCS in Russian Federation. The strategic barriers related to financing, functioning, and coordination between different levels of government and organizations involved in the implementation of LTCS in Russia are convincingly shown. Significant differences have been identified in the implementation of LTCS in the subjects of the Russian Federation due to different levels of economic development, budgetary provision, human resources, geographical features, etc. The importance of organizing interdepartmental interaction within the framework of LTCS has been emphasized. The expediency of using successful social innovations, projects and practices in the implementation of LTCS is proved. The prospects for the further development of the LTCS in the context of the digital transformation of the social sphere are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"38 5","pages":"691-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}