Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

{"title":"[Myocardial contractility and morphological changes in vital organs in 24-month-old rats with isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure.]","authors":"T Y Rebrova, V A Korepanov, I V Stepanov, S A Afanasiev","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim - an appropriate experimental model is required to investigate the development of chronic heart failure in the elderly and to evaluate pharmacological interventions. Models based on aged animals remain insufficiently characterized. To assess the degree of impairment in myocardial contractility and morphological changes in vital organs in 24-month-old rats with isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure. Chronic heart failure was induced in 24-month-old male Wistar rats (550-600 g) by subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO; Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Animals in the experimental group (n=7) received ISO at a dose of 10 mg/kg four times at 3-day intervals. Control animals (n=7) received equivalent volumes of saline according to the same protocol. Sixty days after the final injection, cardiac pump function was assessed in isolated hearts using the Langendorff perfusion technique. Tissue samples from the myocardium, kidneys, lungs, and brain were fixed in formalin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to histopathological examination. Cardiomyocyte myofibrillar structure was evaluated using polarization microscopy. Heart rate was significantly higher in the experimental group compared with controls. At the same time, no statistically significant differences were observed in contractility parameters of isolated perfused hearts between the groups. Histological examination of myocardial, renal, pulmonary, and brain tissues revealed changes characteristic of chronic heart failure. Repeated administration of ISO (10 mg/kg, four injections) induces a compensated chronic heart failure phenotype in 24-month-old rats by day 60, characterized by morphological alterations in the myocardium and multiple organs in the absence of myocardial contractile dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"390-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Total arterial myocardial revascularization in elderly and senile patients.]","authors":"E A Minin, V U Efendiev, N G Lukyanov, A G Obrezan, S V Dudarenko","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review analyzes the efficacy and safety of total arterial revascularization (TAR) in elderly patients. Given the global demographic aging and the high prevalence of coronary artery disease in individuals over 60, selecting the optimal coronary artery bypass grafting strategy is of paramount importance. The traditional use of autologous vein grafts is limited by their high susceptibility to atherosclerosis and occlusion in the long term. The TAR strategy, which utilizes only arterial bypasses (bilateral internal thoracic arteries, radial artery), aims to overcome this drawback.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"466-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Age-related characteristics of metabolic phenotypes and proinflammatory status in patients with normal and overweight body mass.]","authors":"K Y Lukianets, I Y Pchelin","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The metabolic profile and proinflammatory status of young patients and their age-related dynamics are often underestimated in clinical practice, despite the fact that the early development of inflammaging processes is a predictor of cardiovascular events. The aim of our study is to assess the features of metabolic phenotypes and proinflammatory status in young normal weight and overweight adults without significant somatic pathology in 2 groups: up to 35 years and ≥35 years. A cross-sectional study included 159 individuals aged 18 to 45 years with normal and overweight body mass. In addition to standard clinical and laboratory examinations, indices reflecting metabolic disorders and pro-inflammatory status were calculated for all patients. A glucose tolerance test was performed on 61 patients, and the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose levels was assessed. In the subgroup of patients aged 35 years and older, abdominal obesity was twice as common compared to patients younger than 35 years (p<0,001) at comparable body mass index. Patients in the older age group were characterized by higher fasting blood glucose levels (p=0,042), glucose levels 1 hour (p=0,011) and 2 hours (p=0,020) after a standard carbohydrate load, as well as a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (p=0,001), while no significant differences in pro-inflammatory status were identified. Using a decision tree, the characteristics of metabolic phenotypes in the two age subgroups were determined, taking into account the presence of abdominal obesity and plasma glucose AUC characteristics. Thus, in patients aged 35 years and older, subclinical disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as abdominal obesity, play a significant role in the development of a metabolically «unhealthy» phenotype. This phenotype is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and indicates early subclinical aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"433-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Structural and functional cardiac parameters in older adults residing in a long-term social care facility.]","authors":"S B Maltsev, D S Medvedev, N I Kuprina, N V Gladyr, K L Kozlov, V O Polyakova","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging of the population is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of chronic heart failure, including those with preserved ejection fraction, which necessitates the early detection of structural and functional changes in the myocardium in the elderly and senile, especially in long-term care facilities. The aim of the study was to identify the features of the structural and functional state and diastolic function of the myocardium in elderly and senile patients with various rehabilitation profiles according to transthoracic echocardiography. The study included residents of the residential care home for the elderly and disabled No. 1 in St. Petersburg, divided into cognitive, motor and mixed rehabilitation groups. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography with an assessment of the size of the chambers of the heart, the thickness of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle, myocardial mass, ejection fraction, parameters of diastolic function and indicators of pulmonary hemodynamics. All the examined patients showed age-associated signs of thickening of the walls and an increase in the relative thickness of the myocardium. At the same time, the severity of diastolic dysfunction and signs of pulmonary hypertension was statistically significantly higher in the cognitive and mixed groups compared with the motor ones. Against the background of preserved systolic function, hemodynamically significant disorders of diastolic filling were recorded in a significant proportion of patients, indicating early stages of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The data obtained confirm the expediency of including echocardiographic indicators in the algorithms of clinical and functional stratification of elderly patients and planning personalized medical and social rehabilitation programs in the long-term care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 2","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Catecholaminergic structures of the human pineal gland.]","authors":"D A Sufieva, E A Fedorova, V S Yakovlev, O V Kirik, I P Grigorev, D E Korzhevskii","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin, the rate of synthesis of which, as shown in animal studies, is regulated by afferent catecholaminergic fibers. This study, for the first time, examined the presence of catecholaminergic structures in the human pineal gland using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers were found in large numbers in the human pineal gland, primarily in the connective tissue trabeculae and pineal capsule. The fibers were distributed with uneven density across different sections of the pineal gland and lacked typical varicosities described in the animal pineal gland. In the lobules, the number of fibers among the pinealocytes was minimal; however, neuron-like uni- and bipolar immunoreactive cells were present. It is hypothesized that these form an autonomous system for the intrapineal regulation of melatonin production and/or secretion. Based on the obtained data, a hypothesis was proposed about the possibility of secretion of the hormone melatonin into the bloodstream through astroglial processes and regulation of this process by afferent catecholaminergic nerve fibers through neuron-glial interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 2","pages":"279-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Indicators of geriatric care in medical statistics: current status and future prospects.]","authors":"P V Isakova, A N Ilnitski, K I Prashchayeu, O N Startseva, S V Ponkratov","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.009","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demographic aging of the Russian Federation, reflected in a steady increase in the proportion of citizens beyond working age, poses challenges for the development of geriatric services focused on maintaining the functional status, quality of life, and independence of older adults. A prerequisite for effective geriatric care planning is the availability of comprehensive, reliable, and detailed statistical data. However, as the analysis demonstrates, the existing federal statistical monitoring system is focused on a nosological approach, using generalized concepts in statistical reports, such as the population group «60 years and older» or «over working age» which does not meet the information needs of geriatrics. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of medical statistics in accordance with the objectives of geriatric care and to propose promising areas for modernizing statistical reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 2","pages":"237-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevention of age-related decline in muscle mass and function: exercise, nutrition and medications.]","authors":"T F Vepkhvadze, E M Lednev","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.013","DOIUrl":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due the increase life expectancy, sarcopenia, or age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance, is becoming an increasingly common pathology. A decrease in the functional capabilities of skeletal muscles significantly reduces the quality of life of older people, increases their dependence on other people, and also worsens the course of other diseases, which leads to an increase in the frequency of hospitalizations. Therefore, much attention is paid to finding approaches for the prevention and treatment of age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and functional capabilities, both through physical exercise and through combinations of various approaches. The review examines and summarizes the results of experimental studies, reviews and meta-analyses devoted to studying the effectiveness of various approaches aimed at preventing falls and restoring skeletal muscle mass and physical performance through various physical training, nutritional correction and pharmacological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 1","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Markers of metabolic and mitochondrial stress in atherosclerosis with consideration of age-related aspects: Clinical applicability and translational limitations (literature review).]","authors":"A E Pukhalskaya, D S Medvedev, V O Polyakova, S V Voloshin, K L Kozlov, S M Alekseev","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review is to summarize and critically analyze data on markers of metabolic and mitochondrial stress in atherosclerosis in older and oldest-old patients, highlighting differences between circulating clinical biomarkers, metabolic-epigenetic indicators, and intracellular regulators of mitochondrial quality control, as well as the limitations of age-specific interpretation. An analytical narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for 2010-2025; the last control search was conducted on April 27, 2026. The keywords used were signaling molecules, FGF21, GDF15, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, lactate, endothelial aging, and cellular senescence. The analysis included 38 sources with a focus on clinical cohorts, age-stratified data, experimental studies on vascular aging, and publications with translational potential. The selection of markers was based on their representation of different levels of the pathological process: systemic stress response, metabolic-epigenetic remodeling, and intracellular mitochondrial quality control. The most clinically relevant circulating candidates are FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) and GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15). FGF21 is associated with atherosclerotic lesions and cardiovascular risk, but its increase should be interpreted as a reflection of an activated stress response rather than as an independent diagnostic criterion. GDF15 is associated with age, functional decline, comorbidity, and poor prognosis, but it is not a specific marker of atherosclerosis. Lactate and lactylation represent a promising metabolic-epigenetic mechanism linking glycolytic shift, cellular senescence, and vascular inflammation, but evidence of correspondence between circulating and tissue levels is still required. AMPK, PGC-1α, and PINK1/Parkin have predominantly mechanistic significance and should currently be considered intracellular regulators and therapeutic targets rather than clinically validated biomarkers. In atherosclerosis in older and oldest-old patients, markers of metabolic and mitochondrial stress should be assessed within a hierarchical evidence model and with mandatory consideration of age, comorbidity, and treatment-related confounders. FGF21 and GDF15 are the closest to clinical validation; lactate and lactylation represent a promising direction for translational research; AMPK, PGC-1α, and PINK1/Parkin form the pathogenic basis of mitochondrial quality control but require clinically reproducible assessment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"472-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nomothetic and ideographic approaches in the development of the viability of an elderly person. Part 1.]","authors":"S N Vasilyeva, G V Manuylov, E A Rylskaya","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article discusses the results of a formative experiment on the development of the vitality of an elderly person using quantitative and qualitative methods of psychological research. The relevance of a comprehensive approach, which includes nomothetic and ideographic ways of obtaining knowledge about psychological phenomena and processes, one of which is human vitality, is substantiated. The article describes the results of applying a standardized psychodiagnostic method for diagnosing vitality, training, and narrative interviews in the process of developing a person's vitality in old age. It has been proven that the use of narrative has a more significant impact on vitality compared to traditional training. The narrative method provided an opportunity for in-depth exploration of an individual's vitality and facilitated a nuanced interpretation of the results. The data were analyzed using the classical sign test and multivariate cluster analysis with intergroup connectivity. The results of the study can be used in psychocorrectional and consultative practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"352-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitation in patients at risk of malnutrition.]","authors":"N K Runikhina, V S Ostapenko, N V Sharashkina, M S Arefieva, T A Bondarenko, I P Malaya, Y S Onuchina, S N Lysenkov, E E Popov, A A Arefieva, E N Dudinskaya, O N Tkacheva","doi":"10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34922/AE.2026.39.3.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was evaluate effectiveness of 21-day comprehensive functional activity restoration programs among patients 60 years and older with risk of malnutrition («RM+») and normal nutritional status («RM-»). The study included 482 patients (81% women), with 96 (19,9%) patients at risk of malnutrition. At Visit 1, a comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed and an individual geriatric rehabilitation program was developed. Visit 2 was conducted after completion of the rehabilitation programs to evaluate the course's effectiveness. Patients in the RM+ group were older than RM- patients (80,3±7,5 vs 78,2±7,7 years respectively, p=0,014), had a lower body mass index (27,8±5 vs 29,5±6,2 kg/m2 respectively, p=0,017) and took more medications (5,4±2,6 vs 4,7±2,6 respectively, p=0,017). In the RM+ group, compared to the RM- group, there were significantly more patients with frailty (52,1% vs 30,9% respectively, p=0,006), dependence on outside help - both basic (25% vs 13.6%, p=0,012) and instrumental (7,3% vs 0,8%, p=0,001), more frequent falls over the past year (36,8% vs 25,3%, p=0,03), cognitive impairment (61,5% vs 49,5%, p=0,04), 2 times more often symptoms of depression were detected (40,6% vs 20,8%, p<0,001). In both groups, the comprehensive programs turned out to be effective - over time, a significant increase in functional activity indicators, improvement in cognitive testing results, a decrease in the severity of chronic pain syndrome, insomnia and symptoms of depression were noted. The RM+ group of patients demonstrated significantly greater improvements in baseline and instrumental functional activity compared to the RM- group. The study demonstrated the effective implementation of a comprehensive domain-based 21-day geriatric rehabilitation approach, improving functional and psycho-emotional status, and reducing pain and insomnia. Patients in the RM+ group, who had a more pronounced decline in functional activity at baseline, demonstrated better recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"39 3","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}