Labor Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"At Work in a Pandemic: Black Workers' Experiences of Safety on the Job.","authors":"Clare Hammonds, Jasmine Kerrissey","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221121632","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0160449X221121632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Race and labor scholars have argued that precarious, dangerous work, along with the work of social reproduction, has long been disproportionately placed on Black workers. This research examines how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted essential in-person workers differently by race. Using data collected from approximately 8,000 respondents in five survey waves, we find that Black essential and in-person workers were far more likely to experience safety concerns on the job than white workers, from inadequate sick leave and protective gear in the early pandemic to customers who refused to mask in later months. This pattern extended to stress off the job, where Black workers were more likely to have experienced food, childcare, and housing insecurities. Black workers were also more likely to be interested in unionization. These findings point to distinct ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has collided with Black workers' struggle for economic inequality and amplified existing patterns of labor market inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"383-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9478634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46647304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence and Disposability at the Intersection of Twin Pandemics.","authors":"Ashley M Howard","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221121646","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0160449X221121646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 and anti-Black violence represent interlocking pandemics animated by necropolitics, the power to determine who lives and who dies. By expanding our understanding of violence to include its structural and cultural forms alongside direct bodily harm, we must also expand our commitment to end violence. Labor educators, organizers, and workers are uniquely positioned to articulate this more expansive definition and advocate for the eradication of violence in all its forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"493-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41731098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Crying the News: A History of America’s Newsboys by DiGirolamo Vincent","authors":"H. Schwartz","doi":"10.1177/0160449x221130254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x221130254","url":null,"abstract":"Vincent DiGirolamo’s Crying the News is a monumental achievement–a beautifully written, richly illustrated, exhaustively researched book that should stand as the definitive history of its subject for years to come. This volume covers the experiences of “newsies”: thousands of newsboys, and the small minority of newsgirls, throughout most of American history. There was no commercial electronic media in the United States until about 1920, when radio broadcasts began to reach numerous listeners. Until then, most Americans received their information about war, peace, politics, economics, sports, and other entertainment from printed newspapers. DiGirolamo shows that over time, the country’s newsies became the foundation upon which America’s modern newspaper industry was built. Although he does not neglect the Early National Period, DiGirolamo focuses mainly on the years between the 1830s and the 1940s, when the newspaper business’s street sales and home deliveries were at their height. Thus, his volume is divided into three main chronological sections: Children of the Penny, 1833–1865; Children of the Breach, 1866–1899; and Children of the State, 1900–1940. DiGirolamo consistently uses stories about individuals to illuminate important topics, ranging from racial discrimination, sexism, crime, and violence to newsboys’ living and working conditions. Thus, Crying the News is at once social, cultural, and labor history, as well as a children’s history since most newsboys and newsgirls were between the ages of 5 and 16. Most were poor children of Irish, Jewish, and Italian immigrants; some were the descendants of former Black slaves. During the 19th century, these young workers developed their own youth culture as loud, brash, often bedraggled, sometimes rakish news criers. Child labor reformers protested on behalf of young news peddlers, especially during the Progressive Era (1890–1917). The reformers’ demands, usually offered from a middle-class perspective, did not always please the newsies themselves. In any case, through most of the years under study, reform efforts met with little long-term success. Newspaper owners worked tirelessly throughout the 19th century to deny their news sellers any rights as workers by framing them as little entrepreneurs, incipient capitalists, or independent contractors. Today this labor would be called “gig work.” Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"91 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: The Cold Millions by Walter Jess","authors":"Bill Barry","doi":"10.1177/0160449x221136306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x221136306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"94 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48689789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Bridging the Divide: Working-Class Culture in a Middle-Class Society by Metzgar Jack","authors":"John Lepley","doi":"10.1177/0160449x221133479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x221133479","url":null,"abstract":"employer cause by touting the myth of the “self-made man” who had started life as a humble newsboy. DiGirolamo acknowledges that some successful people had once been newsboys, but he argues that this was hardly the norm. Although not well-remembered today, young newspaper sellers frequently organized themselves into collective bargaining agencies such as the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor, the radical Industrial Workers of the World, and, in the mid-1930s, the Committee for Industrial Organization. In the early 1920s, there was even a short-lived Boston News Stand Girls’ Union. Newsie unions frequently struck, usually over what amounted to wage cuts or the termination of the right to return unsold papers. Occasionally these work stoppages turned violent. Sometimes newspaper owners or their agents employed heavy-handed adult enforcers to attack newsboy strikers and destroy their unions. Alternatively, around 1910, industry executives attempted to undermine newsie unionism by sponsoring “newsboy clubs” and “newsboy republics” that offered excursions, summer camps, lessons in “Americanization,” and other diversions. Additional praiseworthy aspects of Crying the News are DiGirolamo’s use of illustrations and the impressive extent of his research. The book contains 178 images, 33 reproduced as color plates. DiGirolamo explicates each picture while skillfully integrating references to them into his text. His research is exhaustive. Some 106 of the 698 pages in the book are devoted to endnotes. DiGirolamo has examined hundreds of diaries, memoirs, novels, newspaper accounts, poems, paintings, posters, lithographs, photographs, films, and archival resources, as well as dissertations, books, and scholarly articles relevant to his work. Crying the News also has two helpful indexes, one for names and one for subjects. This book should be consulted by all researchers, teachers, and students interested in labor studies, child labor, social and cultural history, and labor history and activism. Lay readers of American history will also enjoy this well-written and accessible narrative.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"92 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Teachers’ Unions on Teacher Stress: Evidence from District-Teacher Matched Data","authors":"E. Han, Emma García","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221134549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221134549","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effect of teachers’ unions on the stress that teachers experience in their schools. Relying on a nationally representative district-teacher matched dataset in pre-pandemic periods, we employ principal factor analysis to assess to teacher stress and use both contractual status and union membership to measure union strength. Based on multilevel linear model, we find that teachers’ unions are negatively associated with teacher stress. We then exploit natural experiments that occurred in several U.S. states to identify the effect of legal and institutional changes weakening the strength of teachers’ unions on teacher stress. Using the difference-in-difference estimation, we find that the new legislation in these states significantly increases teacher stress, and that the magnitudes of this negative impacts are greater for male, experienced, more qualified, and STEM-subject teachers.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"35 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43193639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Decline of U.S. Labor Unions: Import Competition and NLRB Elections","authors":"Zachary Schaller","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221126534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221126534","url":null,"abstract":"Why has private sector union participation fallen away so much in the United States since the late 1950s? Featuring an improved dataset on National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections, I present evidence that import penetration accounts for approximately 40 percent of the decline in union formation for U.S. manufacturing. This estimate translates to 4.6 percent of the decline in private sector union density. The effect is driven by trade with low-income countries and, to some extent, other high-income countries. China is not a factor early on, but their strong import growth since 2000 can account for about 12 percentage points of the total decline.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"5 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A Question of Freedom”: Black Workers, Union Membership, and Political Participation","authors":"Tiamba Wilkerson","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221126169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221126169","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the historic connection between labor and citizenship rights for Black people, the specific role of labor organizations in mobilizing Black workers remains understudied. This research examines the effect of union membership on Black political and civic engagement. Analyzing survey data from 1973 to 1994, results show Black union members were significantly more likely than Black nonunion workers to participate in a range of political activities, and to greater degrees, especially members with less education. Understanding unions as important sites of political activism for Black workers is critical for the growth and maintenance of both the labor movement and the Black freedom struggle.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"408 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47770628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Theory of Super-Exploitation: The Subproletariat, Harold “Hal” Baron, and the Crisis of the Political Economy of Black Labor","authors":"Augustus C. Wood","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221123534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221123534","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the African American working class can be conceptualized as a subproletariat: a subsection of the working class generally restricted to unstable, unskilled, low-wage, non-union, and “dirty” labor. The restructuring of capital during various periods in the U.S. history always strategically positioned the vast majority of Black people in subproletarian labor. Under the current crisis in the political economy of Black labor, uneven development and economic dislocation have deepened the lack of stable, skilled, living wage jobs in poor Black regions of the USA. This article expands on the earlier work of Joe Trotter and Harold “Hal” Baron to build a framework to understand this phenomenon. This paper proposes that Black labor and the Black working class provide the most succinct starting points to understanding the complexities of contemporary forms of anti-Black racial oppression.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"462 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Left to Be Done? The Marxist-Humanism of Charles Denby (1907–1983) – Black Worker-Editor","authors":"Lou Turner","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221123518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221123518","url":null,"abstract":"Achilles heel is enclosed not in the “ general ” class struggle, but in the speci fi cs of the “ additive ” of color in these class struggles. Precisely because of this, the theory of liberation must be as comprehensive as when Marx fi rst unfurled the banner of Humanism. (Dunayevskaya 1963, 26). progressive, historical role of capitalism may be summed up in two brief postulates: increases in the productive forces of social labor and the socialization of labor. 596)","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"433 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44852659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}