R. Stahlmann, Malte Moller, Alexej Brauer, R. German, D. Eckhoff
{"title":"Technical evaluation of GLOSA systems and results from the field","authors":"R. Stahlmann, Malte Moller, Alexej Brauer, R. German, D. Eckhoff","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835967","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) systems is to lower CO2 emissions and to avoid unnecessary stopping in intersection approach scenarios by giving speed advices to drivers based on current and future traffic light signal phase timings. These systems have been widely evaluated by means of simulation and, while most research focuses on the impact assessment of GLOSA along with environmental influences, minor attention was drawn to the holistic technical evaluation of included sub-modules and implementations. In this paper we address this problem with a novel and holistic concept for the technical evaluation of IEEE 802.11p based GLOSA systems. We introduce metrics to cover the whole spectrum of GLOSA operations and identify important factors that are usually not considered in simulations, yet, strongly influencing the results. We demonstrate how this concept is used to evaluate the real-world GLOSA system tested in the European Commission co-funded field trial DRIVE C2X. Results derived from Field Operational Test (FOT) data show that our metrics are well-suited to assess the performance of the GLOSA system, but also to identify sources of potential problems or bottlenecks. Based on our findings, we argue that most simulation studies are too optimistic and that further considerations are required to deploy real-world GLOSA systems.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129266070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time variation in vehicle-to-vehicle visible light communication channels","authors":"Ai-Ling Chen, Hao-Ping Wu, Yu-Lin Wei, Hsin-Mu Tsai","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835926","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular Visible Light Communications (V2LC) utilizes automotive Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting to transmit information-modulated optical signal in free space. It offers reliable, secure, highly scalable communications, and thus presents itself as a complementary and low-cost solution which can be combined with radio-frequency-(RF-) based Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) to support a wider range of applications. While there exist a large number of studies investigating V2V RF channels and indoor optical channels, there are few works focusing on V2V VLC channels in driving settings. This work aims to empirically characterize the time variation of the V2V VLC channel, and investigate how vehicle mobility and different vehicle behaviors correlate with the time variation. Utilizing OED LED headlamp as the transmitter and a photodiode module as the receiver, we developed a measurement platform consisting of a transmitter car and a receiver car, operated in real-world road environment in a car-following setting. Our key findings include the following. First, cars making turns could contribute to significant change of received power, up to 20 dB. Second, vertical vehicle movements due to road surface irregularity can also contribute to sudden increase of received power as large as 5 dB. Finally, the channel coherence time is found to be at least an order of magnitude larger than that of RF channels, indicating that the V2V VLC channels are much more stable. We hope that these measurement results can be used to generate design guidelines or determine optimal system parameters for future V2LC systems.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129609719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poster: Symbol detection with OR rule for CAN FD","authors":"Natsumi Sato, D. Umehara, K. Wakasugi","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835949","url":null,"abstract":"Controller area network (CAN) is a communication standard for in-vehicle networks and is widely employed by a number of vehicle lines. Recently, it is required for CAN to enhance bit rate because in-vehicle devices are becoming high quality and their number is increasing. CAN with flexible data-rate (CAN FD) has been recently developed to enhance the throughput in in-vehicle networks. However, higher bit rate in the data phase of CAN FD will cause severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to ringing, and the communication may be disabled. In this paper, symbol detection with OR rule is proposed to improve the bit reliability. The simulation results show that the proposed symbol detection attains higher bit rate than the conventional one for test networks.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordinated merge control based on V2V communication","authors":"Fang-Chieh Chou, S. Shladover, G. Bansal","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835933","url":null,"abstract":"Merging of entering traffic is one of the primary causes of traffic congestion on freeways. If the movements of the vehicles entering the freeway can be coordinated in advance with the movements of the vehicles already driving along the mainline freeway, the disturbances in vehicle speed at the merge point can be reduced, leading to reductions in congestion and travel delay. These effects are modeled here using a high-fidelity traffic microsimulation model. The effects are simulated for a baseline case with conventional manual merging as well as cases with 50%, 60%, 75% and 100% market penetration of vehicles equipped with V2V coordination and automated merge control capabilities. The effects of V2V communication limitations (delays and packet losses) and vehicle location measurement errors are also assessed.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117033954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mozhdeh Gholibeigi, Mitra Baratchi, H. V. D. Berg, G. Heijenk
{"title":"Towards reliable multi-hop broadcast in VANETs: An analytical approach","authors":"Mozhdeh Gholibeigi, Mitra Baratchi, H. V. D. Berg, G. Heijenk","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835959","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent Transportation Systems in the domain of vehicular networking, have recently been subject to rapid development. In vehicular ad hoc networks, data broadcast is one of the main communication types and its reliability is crucial for high performance applications. However, due to the lack of acknowledgment techniques in IEEE 802.11p standard, it is challenging to ensure communication reliability. In this work, we analytically model a receiver-oriented reliability mechanism, with the objective of on-demand error recovery for multi-hop broadcast vehicular communication. In particular, using absorbing Markov modeling and probabilistic graphical modeling, we analyze its performance in terms of relevant indicators, such as overhead and delivery ratio. Further, the model is validated using simulations. The results are useful in tuning the influential parameters and accordingly adjusting trade-offs and meet performance requirements in various circumstances.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pick the right guy: CQI-based LTE forwarder selection in VANETs","authors":"Ion Turcanu, C. Sommer, A. Baiocchi, F. Dressler","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835938","url":null,"abstract":"Periodical collection of data from vehicles inside a target area is of interest for many applications in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been identified as a good candidate technology for supporting such type of applications — particularly for the non-safety domain. However, a high number of vehicles intermittently reporting their information via LTE can introduce a very high load on the LTE access network. In this context, the use of heterogeneous networking technologies can yield significant offloading of LTE — here, WLAN and Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology can support local data aggregation. In this paper, we propose an on-the-fly distributed clustering algorithm that uses both LTE and DSRC networks in the forwarder selection process. Our results clearly indicate that it is crucial to consider parameters drawn from both networking platforms for selecting the right forwarders. In particular, we show for the first time that relying on the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) has a substantial impact. We demonstrate that our solution is able to significantly reduce the LTE channel utilization with respect to other state of the art approaches.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126669164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Security vulnerabilities of IEEE 802.11p and visible light communication based platoon","authors":"Seyhan Uçar, S. Ergen, Öznur Özkasap","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835972","url":null,"abstract":"Technology brings autonomous vehicles into the reality where vehicles become capable of cruising themselves. A vehicular platoon contains autonomous vehicles organized into groups with close proximity. It is envisioned that with the increased demand for autonomous vehicles, platoons would be the part of our lives in near future. From this perspective, vehicular platoon control using current dominant IEEE 802.11p (DSRC) is an active research field. However, DSRC suffers from problems of performance degradation due to congestion, the scarcity of radio-frequency (RF) and security. Visible Light Communication (VLC), on the other hand, is a promising complementary technology with the potential to address DSRC problems. In this paper, we investigate the security vulnerabilities of hybrid DSRC-VLC platoon in the presence of outside attackers. We develop a simulation platform to realize the hybrid platoon. We demonstrate that although VLC limits the effect of adversaries, hybrid architectures still suffer from the packet falsification and replay attacks.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124379060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poster: Simple key management scheme for in-vehicle system","authors":"Toru Sakon, Y. Nakamoto","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835976","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a key management scheme by considering the life cycle of a vehicle. The proposed scheme comprises electronic control unit (ECU), authentication ECU (A-ECU), and configuration server systems. The A-ECU manages shared key delivery within the vehicle. The configuration server passes vehicle configuration information to the A-ECU. For secure on-demand sharing of pre-shared keys between the A-ECU and ECUs, we use a one-time pad encryption. Sharing pre-shared key by one-time pad encryption is performed between ECUs and the A-ECU to achieve secure shared key delivery. With the proposed scheme, neither key generation information nor the key itself needs to be shared between manufacturers. Therefore, while reducing the risk of key leakage, it is possible to reduce the administrative costs associated with keys.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omer Narmanlioglu, B. Turan, Burak Kebapci, S. Ergen, M. Uysal
{"title":"Poster: On-board camera video transmission over vehicular VLC","authors":"Omer Narmanlioglu, B. Turan, Burak Kebapci, S. Ergen, M. Uysal","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835950","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular connectivity is envisaged to extend vehicle on-board camera videos to the nearby vehicles in order to increase drivers' road awareness. This paper demonstrates the possibilities of video transmission captured by vehicle on-board forward-looking camera via visible light communications (VLC) using taillights to provide see-beyond the front vehicle assistance. Line of sight (LoS) inter-vehicular video transmission using direct current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) based VLC with the data rate of 6.42 Mbps and lower latency than 32 msec is validated through experiments.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129495064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poster: Hardware based security enhanced framework for automotives","authors":"A. Siddiqui, Yutian Gui, J. Plusquellic, F. Saqib","doi":"10.1109/VNC.2016.7835977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2016.7835977","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive industry has evolved to sophisticated electronic components performing real time safety critical tasks using control signals. The applications range from diagnostics, integration of microelectronic systems, control framework assisting the operations of vehicle and connecting to other vehicles and systems in the vicinity. The security of the electronic components is a growing concern to avoid subversion of information and control systems that can result in human loss. We demonstrate the vulnerabilities of controller area network CAN bus, outline the threat model of this communication protocol and propose hardware based secure framework to improve the security at the device level.","PeriodicalId":352428,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133881062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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